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Author : Włodzimierz Borodziej
Publisher : Univ of Wisconsin Press
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : History
ISBN : 0299207307
Publisher description
Author : Alexandra Richie
Publisher : Farrar, Straus and Giroux
Page : 753 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2013-12-10
Category : History
ISBN : 9781466848474
Historian Alexandra Rich presents the full untold story of how one of history's bravest revolts ended in one of its greatest crimes. In 1943, the Nazis liquidated Warsaw's Jewish ghetto. A year later, they threatened to complete the city's destruction by deporting its remaining residents. A sophisticated and cosmopolitan community a thousand years old was facing its final days—and then opportunity struck. As Soviet soldiers turned back the Nazi invasion of Russia and began pressing west, the underground Polish Home Army decided to act. Taking advantage of German disarray and seeking to forestall the absorption of their country into the Soviet empire, they chose to liberate the city of Warsaw for themselves. Warsaw 1944 tells the story of this brave, and errant, calculation. For more than sixty days, the Polish fighters took over large parts of the city and held off the SS's most brutal forces. But in the end, their efforts were doomed. Scorned by Stalin and unable to win significant support from the Western Allies, the Polish Home Army was left to face the full fury of Hitler, Himmler, and the SS. The crackdown that followed was among the most brutal episodes of history's most brutal war, and the celebrated historian Alexandra Richie depicts this tragedy in riveting detail. Using a rich trove of primary sources, Richie relates the terrible experiences of individuals who fought in the uprising and perished in it. Her clear-eyed narrative reveals the fraught choices and complex legacy of some of World War II's most unsung heroes.
Author : Aleksandra Ziolkowska-Boehm
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 233 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9780739172704
Kaia, Heroine of the 1944 Warsaw Rising tells the story of one woman, whose life encompasses a century of Polish history. Full of tragic and compelling experiences such as life in Siberia, Warsaw before World War II, the German occupation, the Warsaw Rising, and life in the Soviet Ostashkov prison, Kaia was deeply involved with the battle that decimated Warsaw in 1944 as a member of the resistance army and the rebuilding of the city as an architect years later. Kaia's father was expelled from Poland for conspiring against the Russian czar. She spent her early childhood near Altaj Mountain and remembered Siberia as a "paradise". In 1922, the family returned to free Poland, the train trip taking a year. Kaia entered the school system, studied architecture, and joined the Armia Krajowa in 1942. After the legendary partisan Hubal's death, a courier gave Kaia the famous leader's Virtuti Militari Award to protect. She carried the medal for 54 years. After the Warsaw Rising collapsed, she was captured by the Russian NKVD in Bialystok and imprisoned. In one of many interrogations, a Russian asked about Hubal's award. When Kaia replied that it was a religious relic from her father, she received only a puzzled look from the interrogator. Knowing that another interrogation could end differently, she hid the award in the heel of her shoe where it was never discovered. In 1946, Kaia, very ill and weighing only 84 pounds, returned to Poland, where she regained her health and later worked as an architect to the rebuild the totally decimated Warsaw.
Author : Miron Bialoszewski
Publisher : New York Review of Books
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2015-10-27
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9781590176979
On August 1, 1944, Miron Białoszewski, later to gain renown as one of Poland’s most innovative poets, went out to run an errand for his mother and ran into history. With Soviet forces on the outskirts of Warsaw, the Polish capital revolted against five years of Nazi occupation, an uprising that began in a spirit of heroic optimism. Sixty-three days later it came to a tragic end. The Nazis suppressed the insurgents ruthlessly, reducing Warsaw to rubble while slaughtering some 200,000 people, mostly through mass executions. The Red Army simply looked on. Białoszewski’s blow-by-blow account of the uprising brings it alive in all its desperate urgency. Here we are in the shoes of a young man slipping back and forth under German fire, dodging sniper bullets, collapsing with exhaustion, rescuing the wounded, burying the dead. An indispensable and unforgettable act of witness, A Memoir of the Warsaw Uprising is also a major work of literature. Białoszewski writes in short, stabbing, splintered, breathless sentences attuned to “the glaring identity of ‘now.’” His pages are full of a white-knuckled poetry that resists the very destruction it records. Madeline G. Levine has extensively revised her 1977 translation, and passages that were unpublishable in Communist Poland have been restored.
Author : Joanna K. M. Hanson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2004-08-12
Category : History
ISBN : 0521531195
This book analyses of their reaction to the battle itself and to its political and diplomatic implications. It is a study, where possible, of public opinion. The first chapter of the book is a detailed description of life in occupied Warsaw from 1939 to 1944, as this forms an indispensable background to the work.
Author : Charles River Editors
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2016-07-25
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1535467800
*Includes pictures *Includes accounts of the uprising from both sides *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading *Includes a table of contents "When we crush the uprising, Warsaw will get what it deserves: total annihilation." - Adolf Hitler "I kneel before the heroes who fought in Warsaw, however I think that the uprising was the biggest and most reckless catastrophe of Poland." - General Wladyslaw Anders After a brief revival following World War I, during which it successfully defeated a Soviet attempt to invade in an effort to carry "international revolution" into Germany and Central Europe, Poland once again fell victim to its neighbors in 1939. Adolf Hitler's Third Reich and Josef Stalin's USSR collaborated in the conquest, and then split Poland between them. The Germans carried out most of the fighting and gained the choicest parts of the nation. As a penetratingly bitter New York Times editorial stated on September 18th, 1939, "Germany having killed the prey, Soviet Russia will seize that part of the carcass that Germany cannot use. It will play the noble role of hyena to the German lion. This gross betrayal of the professions that Soviet Russia has been making for years is being defended in the manner with which the world has now grown sickeningly familiar. Because Poland has 'virtually ceased to exist, ' Russia is free to break every treaty with it (Sword, 1991, 292). The Germans instituted oppressive rule in their portion of Poland, executing some 7,000 people on political grounds and imprisoning thousands of others. 1.5 million Poles became forced laborers in Germany, and though seldom noted, the Soviets applied equally brutal methods in their sector, executing 22,000 Polish officers at the Katyn Forest Massacre. NKVD death squads murdered 40,000 civilians and deported 1.4 million people to Siberia and other remote areas, from which a sizable percentage never returned alive. As the Soviets began to push the Germans back west, the Red Army plunged headlong into Poland in late June 1944 on the heels of German Army Group Center's retreating forces. The British urged the AK to cooperate with the Soviets, but the Russians wanted Poland and treated the Resistance as enemy partisans. The NKVD arrested AK members by the thousands, executing their leaders out of hand. By late July, the Polish government in exile thought it was time to order the AK to lead an uprising in Warsaw. The sight of German units retreating, and Soviet tanks seen on July 31st very close to the city, prompted the order to openly retake Poland's capital for the nation. Unfortunately, it was a decision also predicated on a naively optimistic faith in Anglo-American support. As a result, the Poles fought bravely but futilely in August and September against the Nazis, and the Nazis, as they so often did, mercilessly destroyed the city causing the trouble. Heinrich Himmler, the head of the notorious SS, told his men, "The city must completely disappear from the surface of the earth and serve only as a transport station for the Wehrmacht. No stone can remain standing. Every building must be razed to its foundation." In fact, the Germans had intended to destroy Warsaw from the beginning of the war, and they were terribly successful. One Allied pilot recalled, "There was no difficulty in finding Warsaw. It was visible from 100 kilometers away. The city was in flames but with so many huge fires burning, it was almost impossible to pick up the target marker flares." It's estimated that up to 200,000 Poles were killed in the process, and to top it all off, the Soviets arrested and executed countless more after the Nazis were finally gone. The Warsaw Uprising of 1944: The History of the Polish Resistance's Failed Attempt to Liberate Poland's Capital from Nazi Germany looks at the events that led to the uprising and the Nazi destruction of the city.
Author : Janusz Kazimierz Zawodny
Publisher : Stanford, Calif. : Hoover Institution Press
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 1978
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015003478412
Beskrivelse af den polske opstand mod den tyske besættelse i Warszawa, august 1944, af en polsk deltager. Vægt både på kamphandlingerne i byen, deres forudsætninger og resultater, såvel som på de diplomatiske forhold i den forbindelse.
Author : Joshua D. Zimmerman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 473 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2015-06-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107014268
Zimmerman examines the attitude and behavior of the Polish Underground towards the Jews during the Holocaust.
Author : Evan McGilvray
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2015-07-19
Category : History
ISBN : 9781912174348
This work is a reexamination of the decisions regarding the 1944 Warsaw Uprising made by the leadership of the underground Polish Army (AK), as well as the questionable attitudes of senior Polish commanders in exile in London. The questions raised are, was the uprising necessary and why was it so poorly conducted by a totally indifferent leadership? The challenge is made that the Polish leaders in Warsaw and in London were clearly unfeeling. In Warsaw the uprising was allowed to happen and was doomed from the very beginning owing to poor generalship. The Soviets can be seen rather than to have betrayed the Poles, to have behaved in the same manner as they had always behaved to the Poles and Poland, that is underhanded and with great deceit. Therefore why did the Warsaw Poles rise up when encouraged by the Soviets? The Poles should have known that it was a trick. Despite plans laid down by the Allies to support such uprisings, as had been the case in Paris during August 1944, the Red Army watched the AK be destroyed by the Germans, to save themselves the same job. Once the uprising failed, the Polish leadership went into what could only be described as ‘genteel’ captivity, compared with the fate of hundreds of thousands of their countrymen and women who were herded out of Warsaw by German armed forces and sent to concentration camps, illegal prisoner of war camps or forced into slave labor. In the West senior Polish commanders did not consider a 100% casualty rate to be unacceptable as they pushed for Allied flights to resupply Warsaw. This callous disregard for life was part of the lack of understanding in the leadership of the reality of the Polish situation in 1944: the war was not about Poland but the complete defeat of Germany. If Polish freedom came out of this, then good, otherwise the Allies were not going to be diverted from the constant aerial bombardment of Germany, as the Allies swept eastward and westward towards Germany. This work is supplemented with Polish sources as well as interviews with five women who had been involved in the Warsaw Uprising as young women and girls in 1944. Now in their 80s these ladies kindly granted interviews with the author in Poland during 2012.
Author : Alexandra Richie
Publisher : HarperPress
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Poland
ISBN : 0007180411
The Warsaw Uprising of 1944 was a shocking event in a hideous war. This account recalls the tragedy from both German and Polish perspectives and asks why, when the war was nearly lost, Hitler and Himmler returned to Warsaw bent on murder, deportation, and destruction.
Author : Zbigniew Czajkowski
Publisher : Grub Street Publishers
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2013-01-19
Category : History
ISBN : 9781783378654
“Built around a journal written in the months just after the Warsaw uprising by . . . a teenage fighter in the Polish underground . . . a compelling account.” —HistoryOfWar.org This remarkable journal, written shortly after the event, describes not only the author’s own experiences of the 1944 Warsaw Uprising but the wider picture. With the Soviet Army’s arrival imminent, the Polish Underground fighters decided to wage open warfare against the hated Nazi occupiers. This courageous decision was taken despite the Poles chronic shortage of arms, ammunition, and medical support. They fully expected the Soviets to relieve them gratefully for hastening the defeat of the Germans. With cruel and calculated cynicism, the Soviets halted their offensive and let the uneven match be settled without their involvement. The outcome was inevitable Warsaw was largely destroyed, the Polish men, women, and children fighters crushed and the Nazis weakened. The Soviets then moved in. This journal is a unique record of the bitter fighting when neither side was prepared to give quarter. “Authentic, dramatically realistic, showing the tragedy of a generation thrown into a hopeless battle. A priceless treasure against which other memoirs pale in comparison.” —Lech Dzikiewicz “The author has described the scenes of fighting so vividly almost impossible to believe he had come out unscathed.” —Kultura “An exceptionally valuable document—great historical and literary value.” —Dziennik Polski
Author : Norman Davies
Publisher : Penguin Books
Page : 850 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2005-10-04
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39076002809965
In a brilliant narrative of one of the most dramatic episodes in twentieth-century history, Davies spotlights sixty-three days in 1944 when the Wehrmacht crushed the Polish Resistance in Warsaw, slaughtered thousands and destroyed the city.
Author : Jan M. Ciechanowski
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2002-05-16
Category : History
ISBN : 0521894417
Why did the Polish underground Home Army call for what proved to be a suicidal uprising? Why did they decide that their poorly armed troops should alone liberate Warsaw shortly before the Soviet entry into the capital? Why were the approaching Russians not informed? Why did the Red Army fail to take Warsaw in the first days of August 1944 as both Stalin and Bor-Kornorowski had anticipated? Dr Ciechanowski examines in detail the political, diplomatic, ideological and military background of the Rising and the events and decisions which immediately preceded it. He traces in turn: the main aspects of Polish politics, strategy and diplomacy during the whole of the Second World War. It is based primarily on unpublished Polish contemporary documents and on interviews with highly placed participants in, and witnesses of, the Warsaw Rising. It provides a definitive account of why the Rising took place and is an extremely important contribution to the history of the Second World War.
Author : Halik Kochanski
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 911 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2012-11-27
Category : History
ISBN : 9780674071056
The Second World War gripped Poland as it did no other country in Europe. Invaded by both Germany and the Soviet Union, it remained under occupation by foreign armies from the first day of the war to the last. The conflict was brutal, as Polish armies battled the enemy on four different fronts. It was on Polish soil that the architects of the Final Solution assembled their most elaborate network of extermination camps, culminating in the deliberate destruction of millions of lives, including three million Polish Jews. In The Eagle Unbowed, Halik Kochanski tells, for the first time, the story of Poland's war in its entirety, a story that captures both the diversity and the depth of the lives of those who endured its horrors. Most histories of the European war focus on the Allies' determination to liberate the continent from the fascist onslaught. Yet the "good war" looks quite different when viewed from Lodz or Krakow than from London or Washington, D.C. Poland emerged from the war trapped behind the Iron Curtain, and it would be nearly a half-century until Poland gained the freedom that its partners had secured with the defeat of Hitler. Rescuing the stories of those who died and those who vanished, those who fought and those who escaped, Kochanski deftly reconstructs the world of wartime Poland in all its complexity-from collaboration to resistance, from expulsion to exile, from Warsaw to Treblinka. The Eagle Unbowed provides in a single volume the first truly comprehensive account of one of the most harrowing periods in modern history.
Author : George Bruce
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2021-02-15
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1800550456
An engrossing history of the largest resistance movement in the Second World War. Ideal for readers of Anthony Beevor, Max Hastings and Alex Kershaw. By the summer of 1944 Poland had been occupied by Nazi forces for nearly five years, but on August 1 the people of Warsaw attempted to throw off their shackles and rise up against their Nazi oppressors. For sixty-three days German tanks, planes and artillery crushed the ill-equipped Polish Home Army leading to the deaths of 16,000 Polish resistance fighters and over 150,000 civilians, as well as leaving only fifteen percent of the city intact. Could Britain, America and the Soviet Union have done more to rescue their allies? How did this Polish secret army organize itself and train while their city was under control of the Nazis? And in what ways did five years of occupation and events such as the Katyn massacre and Warsaw Ghetto Uprising shape the actions of the Polish resistance? George Bruce's book explores the history of Warsaw and Poland through the Second World War and provides an eye-opening account of the oppressed men, women and children's courageous attempt to resist the Nazis. 'One of the most heroic, as well as tragic, episodes of the Second World War ... movingly related in a valuable book' The Army Quarterly 'Mr Bruce has gone to immense trouble to research his facts and figures, and the result is yet another condemnation of the appalling brutality of the Hitler regime.' Manchester Evening News 'Mr Bruce's calm, comprehensive account is most welcome. His careful researches in London and Warsaw included personal interviews with many of the survivors of the Polish leadership.' The Economist 'George Bruce ... has accomplished a difficult task magnificently well, in producing a highly readable account of the tangled Polish uprising.' The Sunday Press, Dublin The Times described Bruce's books as 'well researched, with a keen eye for historical detail.' The Warsaw Uprising not only traces the sequence of events but examines the political and ideological background of the Uprising. It is a captivating work that should be essential reading for all who wish to learn more about this monumental event.
