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The World of Raw Materials 2050 by Sven Schimpf,Flavius Sturm Pdf
The International Raw Materials Observatory will advance international cooperation mechanisms on mineral raw materials, as defined in thematic action plans addressing research and innovation, education and outreach, industry and trade, and recycling, management and substitution of critical raw materials. Considering that actions highly depend on potential future developments (and future developments can be influenced by actions), the scenario method was selected as an appropriate foresight methodology for developing 3 alternative future scenarios for raw materials in 2050. These provide a baseline set of potential future developments in the Action Plans. Within this brochure, the reader will gain insights into the methodology applied and into the main characteristics of each of the three future scenarios.
Advanced Informatics for Computing Research by Ashish Kumar Luhach,Dharm Singh,Pao-Ann Hsiung,Kamarul Bin Ghazali Hawari,Pawan Lingras,Pradeep Kumar Singh Pdf
This two-volume set (CCIS 955 and CCIS 956) constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Advanced Informatics for Computing Research, ICAICR 2018, held in Shimla, India, in July 2018. The 122 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 427 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on computing methodologies; hardware; information systems; networks; security and privacy; computing methodologies.
Raw Materials for Future Energy Supply by Friedrich-W. Wellmer,Peter Buchholz,Jens Gutzmer,Christian Hagelüken,Peter Herzig,Ralf Littke,Rudolf K. Thauer Pdf
This is the first book that analyses the future raw materials supply from the demand side of a society that chiefly relies on renewable energies, which is of great significance for us all. It addresses primary and secondary resources and substitution, not only from technical but also socioeconomic and ethical points of view. The “Energiewende” (Energy Transition) will change our consumption of natural resources significantly. When in future our energy requirements will be covered mostly by wind, solar power and biomass, we will need less coal, oil and natural gas. However, the consumption of minerals, especially metallic resources, will increase to build wind generators, solar panels or energy storage facilities. Besides e.g. copper, nickel or cobalt, rare earth elements and other high-tech elements will be increasingly used. With regard to primary metals, Germany is 100 % import dependent; only secondary material is produced within Germany. Though sufficient geological primary resources exist worldwide, their availability on the market is crucial. The future supply of the market is dependent on the development of prices, the transparency of the market and the question of social and ethical standards in the raw materials industry, as well as the social license to operate, which especially applies to mining. The book offers a valuable resource for everyone interested in the future raw material supply of our way of life, which will involve more and more renewable energies.
Routledge Handbook of the Extractive Industries and Sustainable Development by Natalia Yakovleva,Edmund Nickless Pdf
The Routledge Handbook of the Extractive Industries and Sustainable Development provides a cutting-edge, comprehensive overview of current trends, challenges and opportunities for metal and mineral production and use, in the context of climate change and the United Nations Sustainable Development Agenda 2030. Minerals and metals are used throughout the world in manufacturing, construction, infrastructure, production of electronics and consumer goods. Alongside this widespread use, extraction and processing of mineral resources take place in almost every nation at varying scales, both in developing countries and major developed nations. The chapters in this interdisciplinary handbook examine the international governance mechanisms regulating social, environmental and economic implications of mineral resource extraction and use. The original contributions, from a range of scholars, examine the relevance of the mining industry to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), reviewing important themes such as local communities Indigenous peoples, gender equality and fair trade, showing how mining can influence global sustainable development. The chapters are organised into three sections: Global Trends in Mineral Resources Consumption and Production; Technology, Minerals and Sustainable Development; and Management of Social, Environmental and Economic Issues in the Mining Industry. This handbook will serve as an important resource for students and researchers of geology, geography, earth science, environmental studies, engineering, international development, sustainable development and business management, among others. It will also be of interest to professionals in governmental, international and non-governmental organisations that are working on issues of resource governance, environmental protection and social justice.
Governance of The World’s Mineral Resources by Theo Henckens Pdf
Governance of the World’s Mineral Resources: Beyond the Foreseeable Future provides in-depth information on the geological scarcity of mineral resources. The book demonstrates the urgent need to implement sustainable utilization of mineral resources, in order to ensure that these resources will be sufficiently available for future generations too. The availability of resources, especially for modern technologies, is an increasingly important issue. Some key mineral resources are so geologically scarce that their availability for future generations may not only become substantially less, but also much less affordable than for the current generation unless timely measures are taken. This book provides detailed data and calculations of the availability of mineral resources. The book elaborates on whether and how it is possible to keep providing sufficient mineral resources to a growing world population, and for how long. The book details also how and for how much time it will be possible for all countries, worldwide, to achieve and maintain service delivery of raw materials to their population at levels equivalent to those in developed countries in 2020. Governance of the World’s Mineral Resources: Beyond the Foreseeable Future is therefore an important source of knowledge for postgraduates, academics and researchers in the fields of environmental science, sustainability, and geology, as well as anyone in the field of mining and economics who need to account for sustainable provision of mineral resources. Provides a thorough overview of all considerations related to a sustainable production rate of mineral resources Comprehensively details scarce mineral resources and describes their applications, worldwide in-use stock increases, and sustainable production rates Covers all aspects of a sustainable production rate of mineral resources, detailing the current challenges and possible global solutions, both technically and from a policy point of view Includes detailed studies of thirteen different scarce mineral resources and extensive quantitative data from recent studies and in-depth research
Advanced Materials Science & Technology in China: A Roadmap to 2050 by Ke Lu,Lidong Chen,Tianbai He,Qing Yan Pdf
As one of the eighteen field-specific reports comprising the comprehensive scope of the strategic general report of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, this sub-report addresses long-range planning for developing science and technology in the field of advanced materials science. They each craft a roadmap for their sphere of development to 2050. In their entirety, the general and sub-group reports analyze the evolution and laws governing the development of science and technology, describe the decisive impact of science and technology on the modernization process, predict that the world is on the eve of an impending S&T revolution, and call for China to be fully prepared for this new round of S&T advancement. Based on the detailed study of the demands on S&T innovation in China's modernization, the reports draw a framework for eight basic and strategic systems of socio-economic development with the support of science and technology, work out China's S&T roadmaps for the relevant eight basic and strategic systems in line with China's reality, further detail S&T initiatives of strategic importance to China's modernization, and provide S&T decision-makers with comprehensive consultations for the development of S&T innovation consistent with China's reality. Supported by illustrations and tables of data, the reports provide researchers, government officials and entrepreneurs with guidance concerning research directions, the planning process, and investment. Founded in 1949, the Chinese Academy of Sciences is the nation's highest academic institution in natural sciences. Its major responsibilities are to conduct research in basic and technological sciences, to undertake nationwide integrated surveys on natural resources and ecological environment, to provide the country with scientific data and consultations for government's decision-making, to undertake government-assigned projects with regard to key S&T problems in the process of socio-economic development, to initiate personnel training, and to promote China's high-tech enterprises through its active engagement in these areas.
Ein Planet voller Überraschungen / Our Surprising Planet by Reinhard F. Hüttl Pdf
Die Erde ist ein außergewöhnlicher Planet. Und seine Geheimnisse sind noch keineswegs entschlüsselt. Lernen Sie das System Erde mit diesem Buch besser kennen und erfahren Sie, wie Geowissenschaftler heute die Strukturen, Prozesse und Wechselwirkungen unseres Heimatplaneten erforschen und zu welch überraschenden Entdeckungen sie dabei immer wieder kommen. Earth is an exceptional planet. And by no means have all its secrets been deciphered yet. With this book, you are invited to gain a better knowledge of System Earth, and you will learn how today’s geoscientists examine the structures, processes and interactions of our home planet and what surprising discoveries they often make. Einen Planeten wie die Erde gibt es im All nach unserem heutigen Wissen kein zweites Mal. Unser Heimatplanet erweist sich bei näherer Betrachtung als ein einzigartiges System von Beziehungen und Wechselwirkungen zwischen den großen Teilsystemen Geosphäre, Atmosphäre, Hydrosphäre, Kryosphäre und Biosphäre. Deren überraschend fein abgestimmtes Zusammenspiel konnte Leben – einschließlich des Menschen – hervorbringen, das seinerseits wiederum die Teilsysteme modifiziert. Im Zuge der Erforschung dieses hochkomplexen Systems haben sich die Geowissenschaften in den letzten Jahrzehnten stark gewandelt. Ihre einzelnen Fachdisziplinen verstehen sich heute auch als Teilkomponenten einer systemischen Betrachtung. Und Themen wie Klimawandel und Ressourcenverknappung zeigen, dass moderne Geoforschung nicht nur faszinierend, sondern für den Menschen, der die Erde als Lebens- und Gestaltungsraum nutzt, unverzichtbar ist. Dabei haben wir noch viel zu entdecken. Die Erkundung der Erde – sei es an deren direkt zugänglicher Oberfläche oder im tiefen Untergrund, sei es im Labor oder bei der Beobachtung aus dem Weltraum – bringt ständig neue, erstaunliche Einsichten hervor. Aber es geht um mehr als packende Wissenschaft: Ohne geowissenschaftliche Forschung, die heute ein global vernetztes Unterfangen ist, sind Antworten auf die Herausforderungen einer ständig wachsenden Weltbevölkerung und einer zunehmenden Inanspruchnahme der natürlichen Lebensgrundlagen nicht zu finden. Große Forschungseinrichtungen wie das Deutsche GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ in Potsdam leisten hierfür bedeutende Beiträge. GFZ-Mitarbeiter gewähren in diesem ebenso spannend wie verständlich geschriebenen Buch faszinierende Einblicke in ihre Arbeit – eine Arbeit, die dem besseren Verständnis des Systems Erde dient und die Grundlagen für ein möglichst umfassendes Erdsystemmanagement liefert. As far as we know, there is no other planet like Earth in the universe. At closer inspection our home planet reveals itself as a unique system of relationships and interactions of the major subsystems, the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and biosphere. Their surprisingly fine-tuned interactions were capable to bring forth life, including the evolution of humans, and life in turn modifies the subsystems yet again. In researching this highly complex system, the Earth sciences have changed significantly in recent decades. Today, its various disciplines are considered to be components of a systemic approach. At the same time topics such as climate change and shortage of resources indicate that modern geological research is not only fascinating but also indispensible for us humans, who use Earth as habitat and creative space. There is much to discover still. In the ongoing exploration of Earth – be it at its easily accessible surface or deep below, be it in the lab or from space – new, astonishing findings are constantly being uncovered. But geoscientific research does not simply focus on exciting science. It is a truly global undertaking, without which answers to the many challenges of a continuously growing world population and an increasing pressure on the natural life systems cannot be found. Large research institutions such as the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam make important contributions to this progress. In this exciting and very accessible book, GFZ researchers provide fascinating insights into their work – work that serves a better understanding of System Earth and provides the basis for the best possible and comprehensive Earth system management.
Sustainable Development and Resource Productivity by Harry Lehmann Pdf
The fourth Factor X publication from the German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt, UBA), Sustainable Development and Resource Productivity: The Nexus Approaches explores the interdependencies of sustainable development paths and associated resource requirements, describing and analysing the necessities for a more resource efficient world. The use of and competition for increasingly scarce resources are growing worldwide with current production and consumption patterns of industrialised economies soon to reach the point where the ecosphere will be overtaxed far beyond its limits. Against this background, this volume examines the important initiatives to monitor resource use at the international, EU and national level. The current trends and challenges related to sustainable resource use are discussed, including international challenges for a resource efficient world, megatrends, justice and equitable access to resources. In the second part of the book, contributions examine implementation strategies. They assess the concept known as circular economy and discuss the theory of growth and the role of the financial and education systems. The final section places special emphasis on practical examples. Overall, the book presents concrete ways and examples of achieving more sustainability in practice. Discussing solutions for a more sustainable use of natural resources, this book is essential reading for scholars and students of natural resources and sustainable development and decision-makers and experts from the fields of policy development, industry and civil society. The Open Access version of this book, available at https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781003000365, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Handbook on the Geopolitics of the Energy Transition by Daniel Scholten Pdf
The energy transition is fundamentally transforming geopolitics, with renewable energy and other decarbonization options reshaping existing energy markets, trade flows, and energy security strategies. What new opportunities and challenges await us? Will it pacify global energy relations or bring a perilous transition?
Critical Materials and Sustainability Transition by Arda Işıldar,Eric D. van Hullebusch,Donald Huisingh Pdf
Critical minerals play a vital role in the ongoing energy transition, which aims to shift global energy systems towards more sustainable and low-carbon alternatives. These minerals, also known as critical minerals, are essential components in various clean energy technologies such as wind turbines, solar panels, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems. They possess unique properties that enable efficient energy generation, storage, and transmission. For instance, neodymium, a rare earth element, is crucial for the production of high-performance magnets used in wind turbines and electric motors. Lithium, another critical mineral, is a key component in rechargeable batteries powering electric vehicles and energy storage solutions. As the demand for clean energy technologies continues to rise, securing a sustainable and reliable supply of critical minerals becomes increasingly important to support the global energy transition and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. In this book, we investigate various aspects of critical mineral governance in the context of sustainability transition. We give perspectives around the critical metal requirements of sustainability transition in a forward-looking manner. We discuss the answers to the following questions: What role do the critical raw materials play in the transition to a sustainable economy and energy systems transformation? What are the bottlenecks in achieving a sustainable critical material supply? How do the critical minerals enable renewable energy transition and sustainable development? What is their role in the sustainability transition? How is mineral criticality assessed? And how critical are minerals? What are some regional differences in terms of critical mineral availability, processing capacity, and the supply chain? What strategy should be followed in deciding between primary raw materials and secondary raw materials in supplying critical raw materials for the transition to a sustainable economy? What is the (known) critical material budget, and how does it fit with the climate pledges? The authors of the chapters of this book take a multi-perspective approach and provide insights from industrial ecology, environmental engineering, and sustainable management of natural resources. The information provided will help readers to understand critical metal requirements of present and future key technologies and will help societies to develop and implement sustainable supply strategies.
Waste to Wealth proves that 'green' and 'growth' need not be binary alternatives. The book examines five new business models that provide circular growth from deploying sustainable resources to the sharing economy before setting out what business leaders need to do to implement the models successfully.
Advanced Manufacturing Technology in China: A Roadmap to 2050 by Tianran Wang,Yi Zhang,Haibin Yu,Fei-Yue Wang Pdf
As one of the eighteen field-specific reports comprising the comprehensive scope of the strategic general report of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, this sub-report addresses long-range planning for developing science and technology in the field of advanced manufacturing technology. They each craft a roadmap for their sphere of development to 2050. In their entirety, the general and sub-group reports analyze the evolution and laws governing the development of science and technology, describe the decisive impact of science and technology on the modernization process, predict that the world is on the eve of an impending S&T revolution, and call for China to be fully prepared for this new round of S&T advancement. Based on the detailed study of the demands on S&T innovation in China’s modernization, the reports draw a framework for eight basic and strategic systems of socio-economic development with the support of science and technology, work out China’s S&T roadmaps for the relevant eight basic and strategic systems in line with China’s reality, further detail S&T initiatives of strategic importance to China’s modernization, and provide S&T decision-makers with comprehensive consultations for the development of S&T innovation consistent with China’s reality. Supported by illustrations and tables of data, the reports provide researchers, government officials and entrepreneurs with guidance concerning research directions, the planning process, and investment. Founded in 1949, the Chinese Academy of Sciences is the nation’s highest academic institution in natural sciences. Its major responsibilities are to conduct research in basic and technological sciences, to undertake nationwide integrated surveys on natural resources and ecological environment, to provide the country with scientific data and consultations for government’s decision-making, to undertake government-assigned projects with regard to key S&T problems in the process of socio-economic development, to initiate personnel training, and to promote China’s high-tech enterprises through its active engagement in these areas.
