Thinking About Causes

Author : Peter Machamer,Gereon Wolters
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Pre
Page : 327 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2007-06-03
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780822971115

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Thinking about Causes by Peter Machamer,Gereon Wolters Pdf

Emerging as a hot topic in the mid-twentieth century, causality is one of the most frequently discussed issues in contemporary philosophy. Causality has been a central concept in philosophy as well as in the sciences, especially the natural sciences, dating back to its beginning in Greek thought. David Hume famously claimed that causality is the cement of the universe. In general terms, it links eventualities, predicts the consequences of action, and is the cognitive basis for the acquisition and the use of categories and concepts in the child. Indeed, how could one answer why-questions, around which early rational thought begins to revolve, without hitting on the relationships between reason and consequence, cause and effect, or without drawing these distinctions? But a comprehensive definition of causality has been notoriously hard to provide, and virtually every aspect of causation has been subject to much debate and analysis. Thinking about Causes brings together top philosophers from the United States and Europe to focus on causality as a major force in philosophical and scientific thought. Topics addressed include: ancient Stoicism and moral philosophy; the case of sacramental causality; traditional causal concepts in Descartes; Kant on transcendental laws; the influence of J. S. Mill's politics on his concept of causation; plurality in causality; causality in modern physics; causality in economics; and the concept of free will. Taken together, the essays in this collection provide the best current thinking about causality, especially as it relates to the philosophy of science.

Author : Thorsteinn Siglaugsson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 59 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2020-02-17
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1654544825

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From Symptoms to Causes by Thorsteinn Siglaugsson Pdf

"The chief cause of problems is solutions."- Eric Sevareid"Every situation, no matter how complex it initially looks, is exceedingly simple."- Eli Goldratt In 2018 I attended a training course in Paris that fundamentally changed my perspective. This was H. William (Bill) Dettmer's six-day course in the Logical Thinking Process, an exceptionally powerful methodology for strategy definition and problem solving, based on the methods of Dr. Eli Goldratt, author of The Goal and systems management legend, adapted and refined by Bill Dettmer.Towards the end of the course I realized how mastering this rigorous methodology changes the way you approach situations of any kind. It helps you deal with difficult situations in a way few if any other methodologies can.Achieve breakthrough results by deciphering complex causality, unearthing false assumptions and removing the conflicts caused by faulty mental models; this is what the Logical Thinking Process helps us to do, using classical cause-effect logic. In this book, a simple, everyday example is used to demonstrate how to apply the Logical Thinking Process and how it helps us drive success by making sounder, more rational decisions. The book also contains practical organizational examples and a concise overview of the framework.

Author : H. William Dettmer
Publisher : Quality Press
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2007-05-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780873895897

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The Logical Thinking Process by H. William Dettmer Pdf

A major rewrite of Dettmer's classic Goldratt's Theory of Constraints, this new edition presents a whole new approach to building and applying logic trees. The logical thinking process referred to in the title is nothing less than a broadly applicable, systems-level approach to policy analysis. Dettmer has streamlined the process of constructing the logic trees while simultaneously ensuring that the results are more logically sound and closer representations of reality than ever before. He explains an easier, more logically sound way to integrate Current Reality Trees with Evaporating Clouds. His new version of the thinking process "retires" the Transition Tree in favor of the marriage of a more detailed Prerequisite Tree and critical chain project management. This book contains new examples of logic trees from a variety of real-world applications. Most of the diagrams and illustrations are new and improved. Explanations and procedures for constructing the logic trees are considerably simplified.

Author : Judea Pearl,Dana Mackenzie
Publisher : Basic Books
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2018-05-15
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780465097616

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The Book of Why by Judea Pearl,Dana Mackenzie Pdf

A Turing Award-winning computer scientist and statistician shows how understanding causality has revolutionized science and will revolutionize artificial intelligence "Correlation is not causation." This mantra, chanted by scientists for more than a century, has led to a virtual prohibition on causal talk. Today, that taboo is dead. The causal revolution, instigated by Judea Pearl and his colleagues, has cut through a century of confusion and established causality -- the study of cause and effect -- on a firm scientific basis. His work explains how we can know easy things, like whether it was rain or a sprinkler that made a sidewalk wet; and how to answer hard questions, like whether a drug cured an illness. Pearl's work enables us to know not just whether one thing causes another: it lets us explore the world that is and the worlds that could have been. It shows us the essence of human thought and key to artificial intelligence. Anyone who wants to understand either needs The Book of Why.

Author : Alexander Walker
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 514 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 1838
Category : Marriage
ISBN : BL:A0018963776

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Intermarriage; or the mode in which, and the causes why, beauty, health, and intellect result from certain unions, and deformity, disease and insanity from others, illustrated by drawings, etc by Alexander Walker Pdf

Author : Ashley Borders
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2020-04-11
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780128126318

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Rumination and Related Constructs by Ashley Borders Pdf

Rumination and Related Constructs: Causes, Consequences, and Treatment of Thinking Too Much synthesizes existing research relating to rumination. Integrating research and theories from clinical, social, cognitive, and health psychology, it features empirical findings related to why people ruminate, as well as treatments that decrease rumination. The book applies a transdiagnostic approach, looking beyond just depression to emphasize the wide range of clinical outcomes associated with repetitive thought. The book additionally describes research on physiological reactivity to rumination, the expression of rumination, potential benefits of rumination, and much more. Summarizes research on the emotional, behavioral, and physical consequences of rumination Discusses rumination in conjunction with different psychological disorders Integrates existing theories about rumination Identifies triggers and personality traits that influence whether people ruminate Explores cognitive and neural correlates of rumination Reviews established treatments for rumination

Author : Margaret Searle
Publisher : ASCD
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2013-11-18
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781416616320

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Causes & Cures in the Classroom by Margaret Searle Pdf

Whether students leave the classroom confident and goal-directed or frustrated and aimless depends on our ability to do two things: diagnose their needs and deliver support. This challenge can be daunting when students come to school with weak vocabulary, poor planning and organization skills, and problems with memory, impulse control, and attention span. Causes & Cures reveals new neurological research about the root causes of these obstacles and lays out a comprehensive five-step protocol designed to help all educators identify and address common student academic and behavior issues. This essential guide provides * Illuminating case studies that walk you through the protocol in a variety of content areas and grade levels. * Strategies and tools to help you diagnose root causes and develop targeted, effective interventions for your students. * Guidance for extending individualized interventions to large groups. Most of us went into teaching with the dream of helping all our students succeed. We can't let students who struggle wear us down or wait us out. No matter which subject or grade level you teach, this indispensable resource will show how you can help students overcome difficulties and experience real success in the classroom.

Author : Peter Seixas,Tom Morton
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2012-07-30
Category : Historiography
ISBN : 0176541543

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The Big Six Historical Thinking Concepts by Peter Seixas,Tom Morton Pdf

Authors Peter Seixas and Tom Morton provide a guide to bring powerful understandings of these six historical thinking concepts into the classroom through teaching strategies and model activities. Table of Contents Historical Significance Evidence Continuity and Change Cause and Consequence Historical Perspectives The Ethical Dimension The accompanying DVD-ROM includes: Modifiable Blackline Masters All graphics, photographs, and illustrations from the text Additional teaching support Order Information: All International Based Customers (School, University and Consumer): All US based customers please contact [email protected] All International customers (exception US and Asia) please contact Nelson.international@ne lson.com

Author : Zhao Yanchen
Publisher : Xlibris Corporation
Page : 361 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2013-05-21
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781483624136

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Causes of Wealth of People by Zhao Yanchen Pdf

Based on ten years of study, ten years of entrepreneurial experience and a further ten years of research, Zhao Yanchens Causes of Wealth of People lays out a comprehensive theory of entrepreneurship while at the same time serves as a practical guide for the entrepreneur. First published in China in 2004, this new English edition is the first translation of the book to ever be published. Analyzing all phases of business from project selection through operation and sales, and equally at home discussing the benefits and necessity of the free market and the Tao of an enterprise, the book provides novel and valuable insights on entrepreneurship from an Eastern philosophical perspective.

Author : John Edwards
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1695
Category : Apologetics
ISBN : BL:A0020221655

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Some Thoughts Concerning the Several Causes and Occasions of Atheism, Especially in the Present Age by John Edwards Pdf

Author : Soame Jenyns
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 1767
Category : Cost and standard of living
ISBN : BL:A0024567273

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Thoughts on the Causes and Consequences of the Present High Price of Provisions by Soame Jenyns Pdf

Author : Sigmund Freud,Charles Mackay,Jean-Jacques Rousseau,Gerald Stanley Lee,Gustave Le Bon,Walter Lippmann,William McDougall,Everett Dean Martin,Wilfred Trotter
Publisher : DigiCat
Page : 1722 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2022-11-13
Category : Psychology
ISBN : EAN:8596547389729

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The Phenomenon and Causes of Crowd Psychology (The Complete Ten-Book Collection) by Sigmund Freud,Charles Mackay,Jean-Jacques Rousseau,Gerald Stanley Lee,Gustave Le Bon,Walter Lippmann,William McDougall,Everett Dean Martin,Wilfred Trotter Pdf

This edition includes: The Social Contract (Jean-Jacques Rousseau) The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind (Gustave Le Bon) The Psychology of Revolution (Gustave Le Bon) Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego (Sigmund Freud) Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds (Charles Mackay) Instincts of the Herd in Peace and War (Wilfred Trotter) The Behavior of Crowds: A Psychological Study (Everett Dean Martin) Public Opinion (Walter Lippmann) Crowds: A Moving-Picture of Democracy (Gerald Stanley Lee) The Group Mind: A Sketch of the Principles of Collective Psychology (William McDougall) Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Francophone Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer of the 18th century. Gustave Le Bon was a French polymath whose areas of interest included anthropology, psychology, sociology, medicine, invention, and physics. Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst. Charles Mackay was a Scottish poet, journalist, author, anthologist, novelist, and songwriter. Wilfred Trotter was an English surgeon, a pioneer in neurosurgery. He was also known for his concept of the herd instinct. Everett Dean Martin was an American minister, writer, journalist, instructor, lecturer and social psychologist. Walter Lippmann was an American writer, reporter, and political commentator famous for being among the first to introduce the concept of Cold War. Gerald Stanley Lee was an American Congregational clergyman and the author of numerous books and essays. William McDougall was an early 20th century psychologist who spent the first part of his career in the United Kingdom and the latter part in the USA.

Author : E. Wolfram
Publisher : Health Research Books
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1996-09
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
ISBN : 0787309788

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The Occult Causes of Disease by E. Wolfram Pdf

1911 Being a compendium of the teachings lain down in his Volumen Paramirum by Bombastus Von Hohenheim, better know as Paracelsus. Translated into English by Agnes Black. in every occult circle, Parcelsus has never ceased to be valued and esteemed..

Author : Anat Zohar
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2004-01-31
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781402018541

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Higher Order Thinking in Science Classrooms: Students’ Learning and Teachers’ Professional Development by Anat Zohar Pdf

How can educators bridge the gap between "big" ideas about teaching students to think and educational practice? This book addresses this question by a unique combination of theory, field experience and elaborate educational research. Its basic idea is to look at science instruction with regard to two sets of explicit goals: one set refers to teaching science concepts and the second set refers to teaching higher order thinking. This book tells about how thinking can be taught not only in the rare and unique conditions that are so typical of affluent experimental educational projects but also in the less privileged but much more common conditions of educational practice that most schools have to endure. It provides empirical evidence showing that students from all academic levels actually improve their thinking and their scientific knowledge following the thinking curricula, and discusses specific means for teaching higher order thinking to students with low academic achievements. The second part of the book addresses issues that pertain to teachers' professional development and to their knowledge and beliefs regarding the teaching of higher order thinking. This book is intended for a very large audience: researchers (including graduate students), curricular designers, practicing and pre-service teachers, college students, teacher educators and those interested in educational reform. Although the book is primarily about the development of thinking in science classrooms, most of it chapters may be of interest to educators from all disciplines.

Author : John H. MOGGRIDGE
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 156 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1815
Category : Corn laws (Great Britain)
ISBN : BL:A0017413418

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Thoughts on the causes of the present difficulties and internal distresses of the Country, more particularly those of the Agricultural and Landed Interest by John H. MOGGRIDGE Pdf