Thinking And Reasoning A Very Short Introduction

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Thinking and Reasoning

Jonathan St. B. T. Evans
Thinking and Reasoning Book PDF

Author : Jonathan St. B. T. Evans
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 153 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780198787259

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Thinking and Reasoning by Jonathan St. B. T. Evans Pdf

Our extraordinary capacity to reason and solve problems sets us aside from other animals, but our evolved thinking processes also leave us susceptible to bias and error. The study of thinking and reasoning goes back to Aristotle, and was one of the first topics to be studied when psychology separated from philosophy. In this Very Short Introduction Jonathan Evans explores cognitive psychological approaches to understanding the nature of thinking and reasoning, problem solving, and decision making. He shows how our problem solving capabilities are hugely dependent on also having the imagination to ask the right questions, and the ability to see things from a completely new perspective. Beginning by considering the approaches of the behaviorists and the Gestalt psychologists, he moves on to modern explorations of thinking, including hypothetical thinking, conditionals, deduction, rationality, and intuition. Covering the role of past learning, IQ, and cognitive biases, Evans also discusses the idea that there may be two different ways of thinking, arising from our evolutionary history. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Thought: A Very Short Introduction

Tim Bayne
Thought A Very Short Introduction Book PDF

Author : Tim Bayne
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 145 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2013-01-31
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191642531

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Thought: A Very Short Introduction by Tim Bayne Pdf

There is no denying that thinking comes naturally to human beings. But what are thoughts? How is thought realized in the brain? Does thinking occur in public or is it a purely private affair? Do young children and non-human animals think? Is human thought the same everywhere, or are there culturally specific modes of thought? What is the relationship between thought and language? What kind of responsibility do we have for our thoughts? In this compelling Very Short Introduction, Tim Bayne looks at the nature of thought. Beginning with questions about what thought is and what distinguishes it from other kinds of mental states, he goes on to examine various interpretations of thought from philosophy, psychology, neuroscience, and anthropology. By exploring the logical structures of thought and the relationship between thought and other mental phenomena, as well as the mechanisms that make thought possible and the cultural variations that may exist in our thought processes, Bayne looks at what we know - and don't know - about our great capacity for thought. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Game Theory: A Very Short Introduction

Ken Binmore
Game Theory A Very Short Introduction Book PDF

Author : Ken Binmore
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 201 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2007-10-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780199218462

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Game Theory: A Very Short Introduction by Ken Binmore Pdf

Games are played everywhere: from economics to evolutionary biology, and from social interactions to online auctions. This title shows how to play such games in a rational way, and how to maximize their outcomes.

Knowledge: A Very Short Introduction

Jennifer Nagel
Knowledge A Very Short Introduction Book PDF

Author : Jennifer Nagel
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 153 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2014-09-25
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191637315

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Knowledge: A Very Short Introduction by Jennifer Nagel Pdf

What is knowledge? How does it differ from mere belief? Do you need to be able to justify a claim in order to count as knowing it? How can we know that the outer world is real and not a dream? Questions like these are ancient ones, and the branch of philosophy dedicated to answering them - epistemology - has been active for thousands of years. In this thought-provoking Very Short Introduction, Jennifer Nagel considers these classic questions alongside new puzzles arising from recent discoveries about humanity, language, and the mind. Nagel explains the formation of major historical theories of knowledge, and shows how contemporary philosophers have developed new ways of understanding knowledge, using ideas from logic, linguistics, and psychology. Covering topics ranging from relativism and the problem of scepticism to the trustworthiness of internet sources, Nagel examines how progress has been made in understanding knowledge, using everyday examples to explain the key issues and debates ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Galileo: A Very Short Introduction

Stillman Drake
Galileo A Very Short Introduction Book PDF

Author : Stillman Drake
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 161 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2001-02-22
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9780191606663

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Galileo: A Very Short Introduction by Stillman Drake Pdf

In a startling reinterpretation of the evidence, Stillman Drake advances the hypothesis that Galileo's trial and condemnation by the Inquisition was caused not by his defiance of the Church, but by the hostility of contemporary philosophers. Galileo's own beautifully lucid arguments are used to show how his scientific method was utterly divorced from the Aristotelian approach to physics in that it was based on a search not for causes but for laws. Galileo's method was of overwhelming significance for the development of modern physics, and led to a final parting of the ways between science and philosophy. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Rhetoric: A Very Short Introduction

Richard Toye
Rhetoric A Very Short Introduction Book PDF

Author : Richard Toye
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 144 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03-28
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780191653728

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Rhetoric: A Very Short Introduction by Richard Toye Pdf

Rhetoric is often seen as a synonym for shallow, deceptive language, and therefore as something negative. But if we view rhetoric in more neutral terms, as the 'art of persuasion', it is clear that we are all forced to engage with it at some level, if only because we are constantly exposed to the rhetoric of others. In this Very Short Introduction, Richard Toye explores the purpose of rhetoric. Rather than presenting a defence of it, he considers it as the foundation-stone of civil society, and an essential part of any democratic process. Using wide-ranging examples from Ancient Greece, medieval Islamic preaching, and modern cinema, Toye considers why we should all have an appreciation of the art of rhetoric. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Thinking and Reasoning: A Very Short Introduction

Jonathan St B. T. Evans
Thinking and Reasoning A Very Short Introduction Book PDF

Author : Jonathan St B. T. Evans
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 153 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2017-09-21
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780191091131

Get Book

Thinking and Reasoning: A Very Short Introduction by Jonathan St B. T. Evans Pdf

Our extraordinary capacity to reason and solve problems sets us aside from other animals, but our evolved thinking processes also leave us susceptibile to bias and error. The study of thinking and reasoning goes back to Aristotle, and was one of the first topics to be studied when psychology separated from philosophy. In this Very Short Introduction Jonathan Evans explores cognitive psychological approaches to understanding the nature of thinking and reasoning, problem solving, and decision making. He shows how our problem solving capabilities are hugely dependent on also having the imagination to ask the right questions, and the ability to see things from a completely new perspective. Beginning by considering the approaches of the behaviourists and the Gestalt psychologists, he moves on to modern explorations of thinking, including hypothetical thinking, conditionals, deduction, rationality, and intuition. Covering the role of past learning, IQ, and cognitive biases, Evans also discusses the idea that there may be two different ways of thinking, arising from our evolutionary history. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Psychology: A Very Short Introduction

Gillian Butler,Freda McManus
Psychology A Very Short Introduction Book PDF

Author : Gillian Butler,Freda McManus
Publisher : Oxford Paperbacks
Page : 205 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2000-02-24
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780191606403

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Psychology: A Very Short Introduction by Gillian Butler,Freda McManus Pdf

Psychology is part of everyone's experience: it influences the way we think about everything from education and intelligence, to relationships and emotions, advertising and criminality. People readily behave as amateur psychologists, offering explanations for what people think, feel, and do. But what exactly are psychologists trying to do? What scientific grounding do they have for their approach? This book provides an understanding of some of psychology's leading ideas and their practical relevance, making it a stimulating introduction for anyone interested in understanding the human mind. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Science and Religion: A Very Short Introduction

Thomas Dixon
Science and Religion A Very Short Introduction Book PDF

Author : Thomas Dixon
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 169 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2008-07-24
Category : History
ISBN : 9780199295517

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Science and Religion: A Very Short Introduction by Thomas Dixon Pdf

The debate between science and religion is never out of the news: emotions run high, fuelled by polemical bestsellers like iThe God Delusion/i and, at the other end of the spectrum, high-profile campaigns to teach 'Intelligent Design' in schools.Yet there is much more to the debate than the clash of these extremes. As Thomas Dixon shows in this balanced and thought-provoking introduction, a whole range of views, subtle arguments, and fascinating perspectives can be taken on this complex and centuries-old subject. He explores not only thekey philosophical questions that underlie the debate, but also highlights the social, political, and ethical contexts that have made 'science and religion' such a fraught and interesting topic in the modern world. Along the way, he examines landmark historical episodes such as the Galileo affair,Charles Darwin's own religious and scientific odyssey, the Scopes 'Monkey Trial' in Tennessee in 1925, and the Dover Area School Board case of 2005, and includes perspectives from non-Christian religions and examples from across the physical, biological, and social sciences.

History: A Very Short Introduction

John Arnold,John H. (Professor of History Arnold, School of History Classics and Archaeology Professor of History School of History Classics and Archaeology Birkbeck University of London),Professor John H Arnold
History A Very Short Introduction Book PDF

Author : John Arnold,John H. (Professor of History Arnold, School of History Classics and Archaeology Professor of History School of History Classics and Archaeology Birkbeck University of London),Professor John H Arnold
Publisher : Oxford Paperbacks
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2000-02-24
Category : History
ISBN : 9780192853523

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History: A Very Short Introduction by John Arnold,John H. (Professor of History Arnold, School of History Classics and Archaeology Professor of History School of History Classics and Archaeology Birkbeck University of London),Professor John H Arnold Pdf

Starting with an examination of how historians work, this "Very Short Introduction" aims to explore history in a general, pithy, and accessible manner, rather than to delve into specific periods.

Intelligence

Ian J. Deary
Intelligence Book PDF

Author : Ian J. Deary
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 185 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780198796206

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Intelligence by Ian J. Deary Pdf

Some people appear to be smarter than others, but how do we measure intelligence? Why do some people have better thinking powers than others? What does intelligence predict about people's health and social outcomes? This "Very Short Introduction" uses the best, large-scale psychological data to answer important questions about intelligence, such as how environment, genes, brain structure, gender, and age affect people's thinking skills. It asks whether intelligence increased over the 20th century. Ian Deary also considers the new field of cognitive epidemiology, which discovers links between higher intelligence and better health, lower rates of illness, and longer life. -- From publisher's description.

Logic: A Very Short Introduction

Graham Priest
Logic A Very Short Introduction Book PDF

Author : Graham Priest
Publisher : Oxford Paperbacks
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2000-10-12
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0192893203

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Logic: A Very Short Introduction by Graham Priest Pdf

Logic is often perceived as having little to do with the rest of philosophy, and even less to do with real life. Graham Priest explores the philosophical roots of the subject, explaining how modern formal logic addresses many issues.

Thought: A Very Short Introduction

Tim Bayne
Thought A Very Short Introduction Book PDF

Author : Tim Bayne
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 145 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2013-01-31
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199601721

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Thought: A Very Short Introduction by Tim Bayne Pdf

"In this lively Very Short Introduction, Tim Bayne explores the nature of thought. Drawing on research from philosophy, psychology, neuroscience, and anthropology, he examines what we know--and what we don't know--about one of the defining features of human nature: our capacity for thought."--P. [2] of cover.

Schizophrenia: A Very Short Introduction

Chris Frith,Eve C. Johnstone
Schizophrenia A Very Short Introduction Book PDF

Author : Chris Frith,Eve C. Johnstone
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2003-05-22
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780191579233

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Schizophrenia: A Very Short Introduction by Chris Frith,Eve C. Johnstone Pdf

Schizophrenia is the archetypal form of madness. Schizophrenia is a common disorder and has a devastating effect on sufferers and their families-patients typically hear voices in their heads and hold bizarre beliefs. The schizophrenic patient presented to the public in sensational press reports and lurid films bears little resemblance to reality of the illness. This book describes what schizophrenia is really like, how the illness progresses, and the treatments that have been applied. It also summarizes the most up-to-date knowledge available about the biological bases of this disorder. Finally it attempts to give some idea of what it is like to have schizophrenia and what this disorder tells us about the relationship between mind and brain. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Learning

Mark Haselgrove
Learning Book PDF

Author : Mark Haselgrove
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 129 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Electronic books
ISBN : 9780199688364

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Learning by Mark Haselgrove Pdf

"Learning is a key aspect of animal behavior, and central to survival. Without learning there can be no memory, no language, and no intelligence. Haselgrove looks at the nature of learning, and how it takes place. From the early experiments of Pavlov, Thorndike, and others, to the most recent studies in social learning, he traces the development of the main theories of learning in contemporary psychology, and describes the ingenious experimental approaches used to study learning in both animals and humans."--Provided by publisher.