Time And Science Volume 3 Physical Sciences And Cosmology
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Time and Science (In 3 Volumes) by Paul A Harris Pdf
Prominent scientists and philosophers of science address contemporary debates on the nature of Time. Their contributions freely discuss its unity and reality, its compatibility with the orders of classical philosophy (present, past and future) and with the disputed idea of free will (Volume 1). They also present a detailed and updated state of the role of Time in the so-called exact sciences: biology - or more precisely genetics, evolution, neurosciences, natural and artificial intelligence (Volume 2), and physics - relativity, quantum mechanics and quantum gravity, and cosmology (Volume 3).
Time And Science - Volume 3: Physical Sciences And Cosmology by Remy Lestienne,Paul Harris Pdf
The present volume of Time and Science series is devoted to Physical Sciences and Cosmology. Today more than ever, the question 'is Time an ontological property, a necessary ingredient for the physical description of the world, or a purely epistemological element, relative to our situation in the world?' worry physicists and cosmologists alike. For many of them, Relativity (and particularly General Relativity), as well as its reconciliation with quantum mechanics in the elaboration of a quantum theory of gravitation, points to a negative answer to the first alternative, and leads them to deny the objective reality of time. For others, the answer is nuanced by the evidence of an emerging temporal property when one climbs the scales of the complexity of systems and/or the applicability of the statistical laws of thermodynamics. But for some, the illusion of the unreality of time comes from certain confusions that they denounce, and plead for the re-establishment of time at the heart of physical theories.
Time And Science - Volume 2: Life Sciences by Remy Lestienne,Paul Harris Pdf
Life and Time are very closely linked, because life needs the patience of eons to emerge and evolve, and also due to the precision timing of neural networks in the perception of the world, encoding information, and performing actions. A dozen renowned biologists and neuroscientists collaborate in this volume to explore the various facets of timing in the living world. The temporal programming of the activity of the genetic code controls the essential mechanisms of individual development from zygote to adult, while evolution uses the succession of generations to accomplish its work. For its part, the brain accomplishes the miracle of justifying presentism and reconstructing the continuity of present time from the fragmented data accessible to the senses, as well as measuring durations and dating events. To this end, the brain uses a multilevel temporal coding to transport and decode sensory information and prepare motor responses. It is only gradually that we have discovered the temporal precision of the mechanisms involved, of the order of a few milliseconds or less, for the adjustment of neural networks, or the synaptic plasticity used for memory formation. Today, the perfection of natural neural networks, the energy saving use of spikes of electrical impulses to categorize the sensory environment and to guess its probable future is an example to the modelers and engineers of artificial intelligence.
The Time And Science - Volume 1: Metaphysics Of Time And Its Evolution by Remy Lestienne,Paul Harris Pdf
In this volume, 12 eminent scientists and philosophers engage in fundamental, perennial questions about time: Does time exist? Is 'time' a single or multiple entity? Is it possible to reconcile contradictory notions of time, such as subjective and objective, metaphysics and physics, McTaggart's A series and B series, or presentism and eternalism? Does the Special Theory of Relativity dictate a static, deterministic account of reality ('block universe') or does it allow for 'free will'? How did the concept of geologic time originate and what are the limits of its knowledge? How is the Anthropocene defined? Each author examines these questions from the point of view of their own specialties, but without ignoring the metaphysical importance of the issue, nor the possibility that scientific advances might enforce revisions of our brain intuitive judgments.
Space-Time, Relativity, and Cosmology by Jose Wudka Pdf
Space-Time, Relativity, and Cosmology provides a historical introduction to modern relativistic cosmology and traces its historical roots and evolution from antiquity to Einstein. The topics are presented in a non-mathematical manner, with the emphasis on the ideas that underlie each theory rather than their detailed quantitative consequences. A significant part of the book focuses on the Special and General theories of relativity. The tests and experimental evidence supporting the theories are explained together with their predictions and their confirmation. Other topics include a discussion of modern relativistic cosmology, the consequences of Hubble's observations leading to the Big Bang hypothesis, and an overview of the most exciting research topics in relativistic cosmology. This textbook is intended for introductory undergraduate courses on the foundations of modern physics. It is also accessible to advanced high school students, as well as non-science majors who are concerned with science issues.
Recent breakthroughs in measuring the age of the universe with the Hubble Space Telescope are the subject of this book, written by a science writer who was a research astronomer involved in the discoveries. Illustrations.
Modern cosmology has changed significantly over the years, from the discovery to the precision measurement era. The data now available provide a wealth of information, mostly consistent with a model where dark matter and dark energy are in a rough proportion of 3:7. The time is right for a fresh new textbook which captures the state-of-the art in cosmology. Written by one of the world's leading cosmologists, this brand new, thoroughly class-tested textbook provides graduate and undergraduate students with coverage of the very latest developments and experimental results in the field. Prof. Nicola Vittorio shows what is meant by precision cosmology, from both theoretical and observational perspectives. This book is divided into three main parts: Part I provides a pedagogical, but rigorous, general relativity-based discussion of cosmological models, showing the evidence for dark energy, the constraints from primordial nucleosynthesis and the need for inflation Part II introduces density fluctuations and their statistical description, discussing different theoretical scenarios, such as □□CDM, as well as observations Part III introduces the general relativity approach to structure formation and discusses the physics behind the CMB temperature and polarization pattern of the microwave sky Carefully adapted from the course taught by Prof. Vittorio at the University of Rome Tor Vergata, this book will be an ideal companion for advanced students undertaking a course in cosmology. Features: Incorporates the latest experimental results, at a time of rapid change in this field, with balanced coverage of both theoretical and experimental perspectives Each chapter is accompanied by problems, with detailed solutions The basics of tensor calculus and GR are given in the appendices
Time travel has been a common feature in popular science fiction, but with today's understanding of black holes, it could possibly be a reality. Many astrophysicists believe black holes can function as tunnels leading to other times and other places and that they contain the key to the Big Bang.
"Physics leaves big questions unanswered. For example, why does time seem to move only from the past toward the future? In fact, there is no good definition of past, present, and future. Experiments show there is no universal "flowing river of time." Is time "the fourth dimension?" Is there a "place" we can visit called "the past?" Is there no unifying theory to join the theories of quantum mechanics and relativity? The nature of time is critical in answering these questions. Physics is not wrong - simply incomplete. More facts have been learned about our universe in the last thirty years than have been learned in all of previous history. Mostly what has been learned is how little we actually know. The nature of time is a good example. This book describes experiments that have proved that gravity, velocity, and acceleration slow time. Analysis shows that (1) perception of distance and time depends on relative velocity, (2) time can slow and stop, (3) time gets really strange near black holes, (4) photons traveling toward each other at the speed of light see the other moving only at the speed of light, due to time effects; and there are other strange effects. The truth is that most time experiment results have no real explanation. In physics there is no good definition for time and no logic foundation for a definition of time - until this book. Enter the new science and technology of time. Here the relatively new sciences of computer technology and communication theory have an important contribution to make. At the heart of the science we find the computer logic of state machines and the physical structure of information as a physical entity. In this world, "state change" is the pivot around which the world turns. We learn that logic is essential for understanding how time works. We discover how state change is essential for the very existence of time! Logic symbols provide a framework for thought about time. We even find a basis for some of the definitions physics has been searching for. We find an information-based state- transition-based definition of time. There is a way to define past, present, and future. In this book we find very compelling motivation for some interesting conclusions. For example, time is essentially the result of state transitions. If nothing happens, there is no evidence of time passing. We find that energy exchange motivates time. There is no experience of time without sequence of events. Could the new science and technology of time be the next leap forward in physics? Many current science writers seem to think so"--
**WINNER OF THE 2020 NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS** What came before the Big Bang? How did the universe begin and must it inevitably end? In this remarkable book Roger Penrose brilliantly illuminates some of the deepest mysteries of the universe. Cycles of Time contains a penetrating analysis of the second law of thermodynamics - according to which the 'randomness' of our world is continually increasing - and a thorough examination of the light-cone geometry of space-time. It combines these two central themes to show how the expected ultimate fate of our accelerating, expanding universe can actually be reinterpreted as the 'big bang' of a new one. Presenting various standard and non-standard cosmological models, discussing black holes in depth as well as taking in the role of the cosmic microwave background along the way, Roger Penrose argues that the Big Bang was not actually the beginning of everything - nor will it signal the end. 'Science needs more people like Penrose, willing and able to point out the flaws in fashionable models from a position of authority, and to signpost alternative roads to follow' Independent
The Illustrated A Brief History of Time by Stephen Hawking Pdf
In the years since its publication in 1988, Stephen Hawking's A Brief History Of Time has established itself as a landmark volume in scientific writing. It has become an international publishing phenomenon, translated into forty languages and selling over nine million copies. The book was on the cutting edge of what was then known about the nature of the universe, but since that time there have been extraordinary advances in the technology of macrocosmic worlds. These observations have confirmed many of Professor Hawkin's theoretical predictions in the first edition of his book, including the recent discoveries of the Cosmic Background Explorer satellite (COBE), which probed back in time to within 300,000 years of the fabric of space-time that he had projected. Eager to bring to his original text the new knowledge revealed by these many observations, as well as his recent research, for this expanded edition Professor Hawking has prepared a new introduction to the book, written an entirely new chapter on the fascinating subject of wormholes and time travel, and updated the original chapters. In addition, to heighten understanding of complex concepts that readers may have found difficult to grasp despite the clarity and wit of Professor Hawking's writing, this edition is enhanced throughout with more than 240 full-color illustrations, including satellite images, photographs made made possible by spectacular technological advance such as the Hubble Space Telescope, and computer generated images of three and four-dimensional realities. Detailed captions clarify these illustrations, enable readers to experience the vastness of intergalactic space, the nature of black holes, and the microcosmic world of particle physics in which matters and antimatter collide. A classic work that now brings to the reader the latest understanding of cosmology, A Brief History Of Time is the story of the ongoing search for t he tantalizing secrets at the heart of time and space.
What would it be like to see the whole history of the universe, from the moment of creation to the farthest future? Deep Time shows us - through the eyes of a single particle that emerges from the fires of genesis then journeys across countless billions of years to glimpse the ultimate fate of the cosmos. Along the way, we watch the formation of stars and galaxies, narrowly avoid falling into a black hole, witness the birth of the sun and earth, trace the evolution of life and intelligence, and blast off into space again with our particle now part of the Voyager 2 spacecraft. Then we travel on, across immense vistas of space and time, toward the end of all things - and a strange new beginning." David Darling is the author of about 50 books, including narrative science titles Megacatastrophes!, We Are Not Alone, Gravity's Arc, Equations of Eternity, a New York Times Notable Book, and Deep Time. He is also the author of Teleportation: The Impossible Leap, Zen Physics, The Universal Book of Astronomy, The Complete Book of Spaceflight, and The Universal Book of Mathematics, as well as more than 30 children's books. His articles and reviews have appeared in Astronomy, Omni, Penthouse, New Scientist, the New York Times, and the Guardian among others. He has lectured widely, including at the Royal Institution in London. David Darling was born in Glossop, Derbyshire, England, lived in the United States for many years, and now lives in Dundee, Scotland. He earned his B.Sc. in physics from Sheffield University in 1974 and his Ph.D. in astronomy from Manchester University in 1977. David Darling is also a professional singer/songwriter and runs a major science website. Please visit the Worlds of David Darling - www.daviddarling.info Keywords - Universe, Astrophysics, Astronomy, Particle, Space, Cosmos, Evolution, David Darling, Sun, Earth, Travel
Time Travel in Einstein's Universe by J. Richard Gott Pdf
A Princeton astrophysicist explores whether journeying to the past or future is scientifically possible in this “intriguing” volume (Neil deGrasse Tyson). It was H. G. Wells who coined the term “time machine”—but the concept of time travel, both forward and backward, has always provoked fascination and yearning. It has mostly been dismissed as an impossibility in the world of physics; yet theories posited by Einstein, and advanced by scientists including Stephen Hawking and Kip Thorne, suggest that the phenomenon could actually occur. Building on these ideas, J. Richard Gott, a professor who has written on the subject for Scientific American, Time, and other publications, describes how travel to the future is not only possible but has already happened—and contemplates whether travel to the past is also conceivable. This look at the surprising facts behind the science fiction of time travel “deserves the attention of anyone wanting wider intellectual horizons” (Booklist). “Impressively clear language. Practical tips for chrononauts on their options for travel and the contingencies to prepare for make everything sound bizarrely plausible. Gott clearly enjoys his subject and his excitement and humor are contagious; this book is a delight to read.” —Publishers Weekly
#1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER A landmark volume in science writing by one of the great minds of our time, Stephen Hawking’s book explores such profound questions as: How did the universe begin—and what made its start possible? Does time always flow forward? Is the universe unending—or are there boundaries? Are there other dimensions in space? What will happen when it all ends? Told in language we all can understand, A Brief History of Time plunges into the exotic realms of black holes and quarks, of antimatter and “arrows of time,” of the big bang and a bigger God—where the possibilities are wondrous and unexpected. With exciting images and profound imagination, Stephen Hawking brings us closer to the ultimate secrets at the very heart of creation.