Timing Analysis And Simulation For Signal Integrity Engineers

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Timing Analysis and Simulation for Signal Integrity Engineers

Author : Greg Edlund
Publisher : Pearson Education
Page : 271 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2007-10-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780132797184

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Timing Analysis and Simulation for Signal Integrity Engineers by Greg Edlund Pdf

Every day, companies call upon their signal integrity engineers to make difficult decisions about design constraints and timing margins. Can I move these wires closer together? How many holes can I drill in this net? How far apart can I place these chips? Each design is unique: there’s no single recipe that answers all the questions. Today’s designs require ever greater precision, but design guides for specific digital interfaces are by nature conservative. Now, for the first time, there’s a complete guide to timing analysis and simulation that will help you manage the tradeoffs between signal integrity, performance, and cost. Writing from the perspective of a practicing SI engineer and team lead, Greg Edlund of IBM presents deep knowledge and quantitative techniques for making better decisions about digital interface design. Edlund shares his insights into how and why digital interfaces fail, revealing how fundamental sources of pathological effects can combine to create fault conditions. You won’t just learn Edlund’s expert techniques for avoiding failures: you’ll learn how to develop the right approach for your own projects and environment. Coverage includes • Systematically ensure that interfaces will operate with positive timing margin over the product’s lifetime–without incurring excess cost • Understand essential chip-to-chip timing concepts in the context of signal integrity • Collect the right information upfront, so you can analyze new designs more effectively • Review the circuits that store information in CMOS state machines–and how they fail • Learn how to time common-clock, source synchronous, and high-speed serial transfers • Thoroughly understand how interconnect electrical characteristics affect timing: propagation delay, impedance profile, crosstalk, resonances, and frequency-dependent loss • Model 3D discontinuities using electromagnetic field solvers • Walk through four case studies: coupled differential vias, land grid array connector, DDR2 memory data transfer, and PCI Express channel • Appendices present a refresher on SPICE modeling and a high-level conceptual framework for electromagnetic field behavior Objective, realistic, and practical, this is the signal integrity resource engineers have been searching for. Preface xiii Acknowledgments xvi About the Author xix About the Cover xx Chapter 1: Engineering Reliable Digital Interfaces 1 Chapter 2: Chip-to-Chip Timing 13 Chapter 3: Inside IO Circuits 39 Chapter 4: Modeling 3D Discontinuities 73 Chapter 5: Practical 3D Examples 101 Chapter 6: DDR2 Case Study 133 Chapter 7: PCI Express Case Study 175 Appendix A: A Short CMOS and SPICE Primer 209 Appendix B: A Stroll Through 3D Fields 219 Endnotes 233 Index 235

A Signal Integrity Engineer's Companion

Author : Geoff Lawday,David Ireland,Greg Edlund
Publisher : Pearson Education
Page : 650 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2008-06-12
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780132797238

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A Signal Integrity Engineer's Companion by Geoff Lawday,David Ireland,Greg Edlund Pdf

A Signal Integrity Engineer’s Companion Real-Time Test and Measurement and Design Simulation Geoff Lawday David Ireland Greg Edlund Foreword by Chris Edwards, Editor, IET Electronics Systems and Software magazine Prentice Hall Modern Semiconductor Design Series Prentice Hall Signal Integrity Library Use Real-World Test and Measurement Techniques to Systematically Eliminate Signal Integrity Problems This is the industry’s most comprehensive, authoritative, and practical guide to modern Signal Integrity (SI) test and measurement for high-speed digital designs. Three of the field’s leading experts guide you through systematically detecting, observing, analyzing, and rectifying both modern logic signal defects and embedded system malfunctions. The authors cover the entire life cycle of embedded system design from specification and simulation onward, illuminating key techniques and concepts with easy-to-understand illustrations. Writing for all electrical engineers, signal integrity engineers, and chip designers, the authors show how to use real-time test and measurement to address today’s increasingly difficult interoperability and compliance requirements. They also present detailed, start-to-finish case studies that walk you through commonly encountered design challenges, including ensuring that interfaces consistently operate with positive timing margins without incurring excessive cost; calculating total jitter budgets; and managing complex tradeoffs in high-speed serial interface design. Coverage includes Understanding the complex signal integrity issues that arise in today’s high-speed designs Learning how eye diagrams, automated compliance tests, and signal analysis measurements can help you identify and solve SI problems Reviewing the electrical characteristics of today’s most widely used CMOS IO circuits Performing signal path analyses based on intuitive Time-Domain Reflectometry (TDR) techniques Achieving more accurate real-time signal measurements and avoiding probe problems and artifacts Utilizing digital oscilloscopes and logic analyzers to make accurate measurements in high-frequency environments Simulating real-world signals that stress digital circuits and expose SI faults Accurately measuring jitter and other RF parameters in wireless applications About the Authors: Dr. Geoff Lawday is Tektronix Professor in Measurement at Buckinghamshire New University, England. He delivers courses in signal integrity engineering and high performance bus systems at the University Tektronix laboratory, and presents signal integrity seminars throughout Europe on behalf of Tektronix. David Ireland, European and Asian design and manufacturing marketing manager for Tektronix, has more than 30 years of experience in test and measurement. He writes regularly on signal integrity for leading technical journals. Greg Edlund, Senior Engineer, IBM Global Engineering Solutions division, has participated in development and testing for ten high-performance computing platforms. He authored Timing Analysis and Simulation for Signal Integrity Engineers (Prentice Hall).

High-Speed Signaling

Author : Kyung Suk (Dan) Oh,Xing Chao (Chuck) Yuan
Publisher : Prentice Hall
Page : 527 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2011-10-07
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780132827119

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High-Speed Signaling by Kyung Suk (Dan) Oh,Xing Chao (Chuck) Yuan Pdf

New System-Level Techniques for Optimizing Signal/Power Integrity in High-Speed Interfaces--from Pioneering Innovators at Rambus, Stanford, Berkeley, and MIT As data communication rates accelerate well into the multi-gigahertz range, ensuring signal integrity both on- and off-chip has become crucial. Signal integrity can no longer be addressed solely through improvements in package or board-level design: Diverse engineering teams must work together closely from the earliest design stages to identify the best system-level solutions. In High-Speed Signaling, several of the field’s most respected practitioners and researchers introduce cutting-edge modeling, simulation, and optimization techniques for meeting this challenge. Edited by pioneering experts Drs. Dan Oh and Chuck Yuan, these contributors explain why noise and jitter are no longer separable, demonstrate how to model their increasingly complex interactions, and thoroughly introduce a new simulation methodology for predicting link-level performance with unprecedented accuracy. The authors address signal integrity from architecture through high-volume production, thoroughly discussing design, implementation, and verification. Coverage includes New advances in passive-channel modeling, power-supply noise and jitter modeling, and system margin prediction Methodologies for balancing system voltage and timing budgets to improve system robustness in high-volume manufacturing Practical, stable formulae for converting key network parameters Improved solutions for difficult problems in the broadband modeling of interconnects Equalization techniques for optimizing channel performance Important new insights into the relationships between jitter and clocking topologies New on-chip measurement techniques for in-situ link performance testing Trends and future directions in signal integrity engineering High-Speed Signaling thoroughly introduces new techniques pioneered at Rambus and other leading high-tech companies and universities: approaches that have never before been presented with this much practical detail. It will be invaluable to everyone concerned with signal integrity, including signal and power integrity engineers, high-speed I/O circuit designers, and system-level board design engineers.

Signal and Power Integrity - Simplified

Author : Eric Bogatin
Publisher : Pearson Education
Page : 793 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2009-07-13
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780137035038

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Signal and Power Integrity - Simplified by Eric Bogatin Pdf

The #1 Practical Guide to Signal Integrity Design—Now Updated with Extensive New Coverage! This book brings together up-to-the-minute techniques for finding, fixing, and avoiding signal integrity problems in your design. Drawing on his work teaching more than five thousand engineers, world-class signal and power integrity expert Eric Bogatin systematically reviews the root causes of all six families of signal integrity problems and shows how to design them out early in the design cycle. This edition’s extensive new content includes a brand-new chapter on S-parameters in signal integrity applications, and another on power integrity and power distribution network design—topics at the forefront of contemporary electronics design. Coverage includes A fully up-to-date introduction to signal integrity and physical design How design and technology selection can make or break the performance of the power distribution network Exploration of key concepts, such as plane impedance, spreading inductance, decoupling capacitors, and capacitor loop inductance Practical techniques for analyzing resistance, capacitance, inductance, and impedance Solving signal integrity problems via rules of thumb, analytic approximation, numerical simulation, and measurement Understanding how interconnect physical design impacts signal integrity Managing differential pairs and losses Harnessing the full power of S-parameters in high-speed serial link applications Ensuring power integrity throughout the entire power distribution path Realistic design guidelines for improving signal integrity, and much more Unlike books that concentrate on theoretical derivation and mathematical rigor, this book emphasizes intuitive understanding, practical tools, and engineering discipline. Designed for electronics industry professionals from beginners to experts it will be an invaluable resource for getting signal integrity designs right the first time, every time.

Signal Integrity Enginrs

Author : Geoff Lawday,David Ireland,Greg Edlund
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 496 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2013-02-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0133411273

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Signal Integrity Enginrs by Geoff Lawday,David Ireland,Greg Edlund Pdf

A Signal Integrity Engineer's Companion Real-Time Test and Measurement and Design Simulation Geoff Lawday David Ireland Greg Edlund Foreword by Chris Edwards, Editor, IET Electronics Systems and Software magazine Prentice Hall Modern Semiconductor Design Series Prentice Hall Signal Integrity Library Use Real-World Test and Measurement Techniques to Systematically Eliminate Signal Integrity Problems This is the industry's most comprehensive, authoritative, and practical guide to modern Signal Integrity (SI) test and measurement for high-speed digital designs. Three of the field's leading experts guide you through systematically detecting, observing, analyzing, and rectifying both modern logic signal defects and embedded system malfunctions. The authors cover the entire life cycle of embedded system design from specification and simulation onward, illuminating key techniques and concepts with easy-to-understand illustrations. Writing for all electrical engineers, signal integrity engineers, and chip designers, the authors show how to use real-time test and measurement to address today's increasingly difficult interoperability and compliance requirements. They also present detailed, start-to-finish case studies that walk you through commonly encountered design challenges, including ensuring that interfaces consistently operate with positive timing margins without incurring excessive cost; calculating total jitter budgets; and managing complex tradeoffs in high-speed serial interface design. Coverage includes Understanding the complex signal integrity issues that arise in today's high-speed designs Learning how eye diagrams, automated compliance tests, and signal analysis measurements can help you identify and solve SI problems Reviewing the electrical characteristics of today's most widely used CMOS IO circuits Performing signal path analyses based on intuitive Time-Domain Reflectometry (TDR) techniques Achieving more accurate real-time signal measurements and avoiding probe problems and artifacts Utilizing digital oscilloscopes and logic analyzers to make accurate measurements in high-frequency environments Simulating real-world signals that stress digital circuits and expose SI faults Accurately measuring jitter and other RF parameters in wireless applications About the Authors: Dr. Geoff Lawday is Tektronix Professor in Measurement at Buckinghamshire New University, England. He delivers courses in signal integrity engineering and high performance bus systems at the University Tektronix laboratory, and presents signal integrity seminars throughout Europe on behalf of Tektronix. David Ireland, European and Asian design and manufacturing marketing manager for Tektronix, has more than 30 years of experience in test and measurement. He writes regularly on signal integrity for leading technical journals. Greg Edlund, Senior Engineer, IBM Global Engineering Solutions division, has participated in development and testing for ten high-performance computing platforms. He authored Timing Analysis and Simulation for Signal Integrity Engineers (Prentice Hall).

Advanced Signal Integrity for High-Speed Digital Designs

Author : Stephen H. Hall,Howard L. Heck
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 608 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2011-09-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781118210680

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Advanced Signal Integrity for High-Speed Digital Designs by Stephen H. Hall,Howard L. Heck Pdf

A synergistic approach to signal integrity for high-speed digital design This book is designed to provide contemporary readers with an understanding of the emerging high-speed signal integrity issues that are creating roadblocks in digital design. Written by the foremost experts on the subject, it leverages concepts and techniques from non-related fields such as applied physics and microwave engineering and applies them to high-speed digital design—creating the optimal combination between theory and practical applications. Following an introduction to the importance of signal integrity, chapter coverage includes: Electromagnetic fundamentals for signal integrity Transmission line fundamentals Crosstalk Non-ideal conductor models, including surface roughness and frequency-dependent inductance Frequency-dependent properties of dielectrics Differential signaling Mathematical requirements of physical channels S-parameters for digital engineers Non-ideal return paths and via resonance I/O circuits and models Equalization Modeling and budgeting of timing jitter and noise System analysis using response surface modeling Each chapter includes many figures and numerous examples to help readers relate the concepts to everyday design and concludes with problems for readers to test their understanding of the material. Advanced Signal Integrity for High-Speed Digital Designs is suitable as a textbook for graduate-level courses on signal integrity, for programs taught in industry for professional engineers, and as a reference for the high-speed digital designer.

China Semiconductor Technology International Conference 2010 (CSTIC 2010)

Author : Han-Ming Wu
Publisher : The Electrochemical Society
Page : 1203 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2010-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781566778060

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China Semiconductor Technology International Conference 2010 (CSTIC 2010) by Han-Ming Wu Pdf

Our mission is to provide a forum for world experts to discuss technologies, address the growing needs associated with silicon technology, and exchange their discoveries and solutions for current issues of high interest. We encourage collaboration, open discussion, and critical reviews at this conference. Furthermore, we hope that this conference will also provide collaborative opportunities for those who are interested in the semiconductor industry in Asia, particularly in China.

Jitter, Noise, and Signal Integrity at High-Speed

Author : Mike Peng Li
Publisher : Pearson Education
Page : 443 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2007-11-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780132797191

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Jitter, Noise, and Signal Integrity at High-Speed by Mike Peng Li Pdf

State-of-the-art JNB and SI Problem-Solving: Theory, Analysis, Methods, and Applications Jitter, noise, and bit error (JNB) and signal integrity (SI) have become today‘s greatest challenges in high-speed digital design. Now, there’s a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to overcoming these challenges, direct from Dr. Mike Peng Li, cochair of the PCI Express jitter standard committee. One of the field’s most respected experts, Li has brought together the latest theory, analysis, methods, and practical applications, demonstrating how to solve difficult JNB and SI problems in both link components and complete systems. Li introduces the fundamental terminology, definitions, and concepts associated with JNB and SI, as well as their sources and root causes. He guides readers from basic math, statistics, circuit and system models all the way through final applications. Emphasizing clock and serial data communications applications, he covers JNB and SI simulation, modeling, diagnostics, debugging, compliance testing, and much more.

Power Integrity Modeling and Design for Semiconductors and Systems

Author : Madhavan Swaminathan,Ege Engin
Publisher : Pearson Education
Page : 597 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2007-11-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780132797177

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Power Integrity Modeling and Design for Semiconductors and Systems by Madhavan Swaminathan,Ege Engin Pdf

The First Comprehensive, Example-Rich Guide to Power Integrity Modeling Professionals such as signal integrity engineers, package designers, and system architects need to thoroughly understand signal and power integrity issues in order to successfully design packages and boards for high speed systems. Now, for the first time, there's a complete guide to power integrity modeling: everything you need to know, from the basics through the state of the art. Using realistic case studies and downloadable software examples, two leading experts demonstrate today's best techniques for designing and modeling interconnects to efficiently distribute power and minimize noise. The authors carefully introduce the core concepts of power distribution design, systematically present and compare leading techniques for modeling noise, and link these techniques to specific applications. Their many examples range from the simplest (using analytical equations to compute power supply noise) through complex system-level applications. The authors Introduce power delivery network components, analysis, high-frequency measurement, and modeling requirements Thoroughly explain modeling of power/ground planes, including plane behavior, lumped modeling, distributed circuit-based approaches, and much more Offer in-depth coverage of simultaneous switching noise, including modeling for return currents using time- and frequency-domain analysis Introduce several leading time-domain simulation methods, such as macromodeling, and discuss their advantages and disadvantages Present the application of the modeling methods on several advanced case studies that include high-speed servers, high-speed differential signaling, chip package analysis, materials characterization, embedded decoupling capacitors, and electromagnetic bandgap structures This book's system-level focus and practical examples will make it indispensable for every student and professional concerned with power integrity, including electrical engineers, system designers, signal integrity engineers, and materials scientists. It will also be valuable to developers building software that helps to analyze high-speed systems.

Digital Communications Test and Measurement

Author : Dennis Derickson,Marcus Müller
Publisher : Pearson Education
Page : 1240 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2007-12-10
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780132797214

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Digital Communications Test and Measurement by Dennis Derickson,Marcus Müller Pdf

A Comprehensive Guide to Physical Layer Test and Measurement of Digital Communication Links Today's new data communication and computer interconnection systems run at unprecedented speeds, presenting new challenges not only in the design, but also in troubleshooting, test, and measurement. This book assembles contributions from practitioners at top test and measurement companies, component manufacturers,and universities. It brings together information that has never been broadly accessible before—information that was previously buried in application notes, seminar and conference presentations, short courses, and unpublished works. Readers will gain a thorough understanding of the inner workings of digital high-speed systems, and learn how the different aspects of such systems can be tested. The editors and contributors cover key areas in test and measurement of transmitters (digital waveform and jitter analysis and bit error ratio), receivers (sensitivity, jitter tolerance, and PLL/CDR characterization), and high-speed channel characterization (in time and frequency domain). Extensive illustrations are provided throughout. Coverage includes Signal integrity from a measurement point of view Digital waveform analysis using high bandwidth real-time and sampling (equivalent time) oscilloscopes Bit error ratio measurements for both electrical and optical links Extensive coverage on the topic of jitter in high-speed networks State-of-the-art optical sampling techniques for analysis of 100 Gbit/s + signals Receiver characterization: clock recovery, phase locked loops, jitter tolerance and transfer functions, sensitivity testing, and stressed-waveform receiver testing Channel and system characterization: TDR/T and frequency domain-based alternatives Testing and measuring PC architecture communication links: PCIexpress, SATA, and FB DIMM

Modern VLSI Design

Author : Wayne Wolf
Publisher : Pearson Education
Page : 656 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2008-12-21
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0137010087

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Modern VLSI Design by Wayne Wolf Pdf

The Number 1 VLSI Design Guide—Now Fully Updated for IP-Based Design and the Newest Technologies Modern VLSI Design, Fourth Edition, offers authoritative, up-to-the-minute guidance for the entire VLSI design process—from architecture and logic design through layout and packaging. Wayne Wolf has systematically updated his award-winning book for today’s newest technologies and highest-value design techniques. Wolf introduces powerful new IP-based design techniques at all three levels: gates, subsystems, and architecture. He presents deeper coverage of logic design fundamentals, clocking and timing, and much more. No other VLSI guide presents as much up-to-date information for maximizing performance, minimizing power utilization, and achieving rapid design turnarounds.

Power Integrity for I/O Interfaces

Author : Vishram Shriram Pandit,Woong Hwan Ryu,Myoung Joon Choi
Publisher : Pearson Education
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Computer interfaces
ISBN : 0137011199

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Power Integrity for I/O Interfaces by Vishram Shriram Pandit,Woong Hwan Ryu,Myoung Joon Choi Pdf

Foreword by Joungho Kim The Hands-On Guide to Power Integrity in Advanced Applications, from Three Industry Experts In this book, three industry experts introduce state-of-the-art power integrity design techniques for today's most advanced digital systems, with real-life, system-level examples. They introduce a powerful approach to unifying power and signal integrity design that can identify signal impediments earlier, reducing cost and improving reliability. After introducing high-speed, single-ended and differential I/O interfaces, the authors describe on-chip, package, and PCB power distribution networks (PDNs) and signal networks, carefully reviewing their interactions. Next, they walk through end-to-end PDN and signal network design in frequency domain, addressing crucial parameters such as self and transfer impedance. They thoroughly address modeling and characterization of on-chip components of PDNs and signal networks, evaluation of power-to-signal coupling coefficients, analysis of Simultaneous Switching Output (SSO) noise, and many other topics. Coverage includes * The exponentially growing challenge of I/O power integrity in high-speed digital systems * PDN noise analysis and its timing impact for single-ended and differential interfaces * Concurrent design and co-simulation techniques for evaluating all power integrity effects on signal integrity * Time domain gauges for designing and optimizing components and systems * Power/signal integrity interaction mechanisms, including power noise coupling onto signal trace and noise amplification through signal resonance * Performance impact due to Inter Symbol Interference (ISI), crosstalk, and SSO noise, as well as their interactions * Validation techniques, including low impedance VNA measurements, power noise measurements, and characterization of power-to-signal coupling effects Power Integrity for I/O Interfaces will be an indispensable resource for everyone concerned with power integrity in cutting-edge digital designs, including system design and hardware engineers, signal and power integrity engineers, graduate students, and researchers.

Signal Integrity Effects in Custom IC and ASIC Designs

Author : Raminderpal Singh
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 484 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2001-12-12
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780471150428

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Signal Integrity Effects in Custom IC and ASIC Designs by Raminderpal Singh Pdf

"...offers a tutorial guide to IC designers who want to move to the next level of chip design by unlocking the secrets of signal integrity." —Jake Buurma, Senior Vice President, Worldwide Research & Development, Cadence Design Systems, Inc. Covers signal integrity effects in high performance Radio Frequency (RF) IC Brings together research papers from the past few years that address the broad range of issues faced by IC designers and CAD managers now and in the future A Wiley-IEEE Press publication

A Signal Integrity Engineer's Companion

Author : Geoff Lawday,David Ireland,Greg Edlund
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Electronic apparatus and appliances
ISBN : OCLC:1162606225

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A Signal Integrity Engineer's Companion by Geoff Lawday,David Ireland,Greg Edlund Pdf

A Signal Integrity Engineer's Companion Real-Time Test and Measurement and Design Simulation Geoff Lawday David Ireland Greg Edlund Foreword by Chris Edwards, Editor, IET Electronics Systems and Software magazine Prentice Hall Modern Semiconductor Design Series Prentice Hall Signal Integrity Library Use Real-World Test and Measurement Techniques to Systematically Eliminate Signal Integrity Problems This is the industry's most comprehensive, authoritative, and practical guide to modern Signal Integrity (SI) test and measurement for high-speed digital designs. Three of the field's leading experts guide you through systematically detecting, observing, analyzing, and rectifying both modern logic signal defects and embedded system malfunctions. The authors cover the entire life cycle of embedded system design from specification and simulation onward, illuminating key techniques and concepts with easy-to-understand illustrations. Writing for all electrical engineers, signal integrity engineers, and chip designers, the authors show how to use real-time test and measurement to address today's increasingly difficult interoperability and compliance requirements. They also present detailed, start-to-finish case studies that walk you through commonly encountered design challenges, including ensuring that interfaces consistently operate with positive timing margins without incurring excessive cost; calculating total jitter budgets; and managing complex tradeoffs in high-speed serial interface design. Coverage includes Understanding the complex signal integrity issues that arise in today's high-speed designs Learning how eye diagrams, automated compliance tests, and signal analysis measurements can help you identify and solve SI problems Reviewing the electrical characteristics of today's most widely used CMOS IO circuits Performing signal path analyses based on intuitive Time-Domain Reflectometry (TDR) techniques Achieving more accurate real-time signal measurements and avoiding probe problems and artifacts Utilizing digital oscilloscopes and logic analyzers to make accurate measurements in high-frequency environments Simulating real-world signals that stress digital circuits and expose SI faults Accurately measuring jitter and other RF parameters in wireless applications About the Authors: Dr. Geoff Lawday is Tektronix Professor in Measurement at Buckinghamshire New University, England. He delivers courses in signal integrity engineering and high performa ...