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Author : Donald Nute
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 182 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789400989665
Author : Irwin R. Goodman
Publisher : North Holland
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UOM:39015022017571
This volume is a collection of invited papers on all basic aspects of conditional logic, inference and reasoning in expert systems. Specifically, theoretical results and applications centered around the main task in automated reasoning, namely conditional inference, in the three main approaches to reasoning under uncertainty (Bayesian, Fuzzy sets and Belief functions) including: - Measure-free conditioning, conditioning operators for non-monotonic reasoning; - General approach using logic to conditional inference; - Conditioning reasoning with fuzzy sets; - Random set as a formalism for evidential reasoning; - New results in the theory of Belief functions; - Some aspects of applications to various fields of AI.
Author : Michael Woods
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 166 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1997-05-22
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191587825
Conditionals has at its centre an extended essay on this problematic and much-debated subject in the philosophy of language and logic, which the widely respected Oxford philosopher Michael Woods had been preparing for publication at the time of his death in 1993. Woods discusses the distinction between different kinds of conditionals, and then goes on to cover a range of topics, including assertibility, conditional probability, possible-worlds theories, and conditional commands and questions. He ends up sketching a new theory of counterfactual conditionals. This essay is edited for publication by Wood's friend and colleague David Wiggins, and accompanied by a commentary specially written by a leading expert on the topic, Dorothy Edgington. The masterful and original treatment of conditionals presented in this book will demand the attention of all philosophers working in this area.
Author : E.W. Adams
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 173 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789401576222
Of the four chapters in this book, the first two discuss (albeit in consider ably modified form) matters previously discussed in my papers 'On the Logic of Conditionals' [1] and 'Probability and the Logic of Conditionals' [2], while the last two present essentially new material. Chapter I is relatively informal and roughly parallels the first of the above papers in discussing the basic ideas of a probabilistic approach to the logic of the indicative conditional, according to which these constructions do not have truth values, but they do have probabilities (equal to conditional probabilities), and the appropriate criterion of soundness for inferences involving them is that it should not be possible for all premises of the inference to be probable while the conclusion is improbable. Applying this criterion is shown to have radically different consequences from the orthodox 'material conditional' theory, not only in application to the standard 'fallacies' of the material conditional, but to many forms (e. g. , Contraposition) which have hitherto been regarded as above suspi cion. Many more applications are considered in Chapter I, as well as certain related theoretical matters. The chief of these, which is the most important new topic treated in Chapter I (i. e.
Author : Craig DeLancey
Publisher : Open SUNY Textbooks
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2017-02-06
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1942341431
Author : Koji Tanaka,Francesco Berto,Edwin Mares,Francesco Paoli
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2012-07-26
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789400744387
A logic is called 'paraconsistent' if it rejects the rule called 'ex contradictione quodlibet', according to which any conclusion follows from inconsistent premises. While logicians have proposed many technically developed paraconsistent logical systems and contemporary philosophers like Graham Priest have advanced the view that some contradictions can be true, and advocated a paraconsistent logic to deal with them, until recent times these systems have been little understood by philosophers. This book presents a comprehensive overview on paraconsistent logical systems to change this situation. The book includes almost every major author currently working in the field. The papers are on the cutting edge of the literature some of which discuss current debates and others present important new ideas. The editors have avoided papers about technical details of paraconsistent logic, but instead concentrated upon works that discuss more "big picture" ideas. Different treatments of paradoxes takes centre stage in many of the papers, but also there are several papers on how to interpret paraconistent logic and some on how it can be applied to philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of language, and metaphysics.
Author : Francesco Berto
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2022-08-25
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780192671967
This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. When one thinks--knows, believes, imagines--that something is the case, one's thought has a topic: it is about something, towards which one's mind is directed. What is the logic of thought, so understood? This book begins to explore the idea that, to answer the question, we should take topics seriously. It proposes a hyperintensional account of the propositional contents of thought, arguing that these are individuated not only by the set of possible worlds at which they are true, but also by their topic: what they are about. The book then builds epistemic, doxastic, probabilistic, and conditional logics based on this view. It applies them to issues ranging from dogmatism, scepticism, and epistemic fallibilism, to imagination and suppositional reasoning, belief revision, framing effects, and the acceptability of indicative conditionals.
Author : Nicholas Rescher
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 261 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2007-05-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262264433
A unified treatment of conditionals based on epistemological principles rather than the semantical principles in vogue over recent decades. This book by distinguished philosopher Nicholas Rescher seeks to clarify the idea of what a conditional says by elucidating the information that is normally transmitted by its utterance. The result is a unified treatment of conditionals based on epistemological principles rather than the semantical principles in vogue over recent decades. This approach, argues Rescher, makes it easier to understand how conditionals actually function in our thought and discourse. In its concern with what language theorists call pragmatics—the study of the norms and principles governing our use of language in conveying information—Conditionals steps beyond the limits of logic as traditionally understood and moves into the realm claimed by theorists of artificial intelligence as they try to simulate our actual information-processing practices. The book's treatment of counterfactuals essentially revives an epistemological approach proposed by F. P. Ramsey in the 1920s and developed by Rescher himself in the 1960s but since overshadowed by the now-dominant possible-worlds approach. Rescher argues that the increasingly evident liabilities of the possible-worlds strategy make a reappraisal of the older style of analysis both timely and desirable. As the book makes clear, an epistemological approach demonstrates that counterfactual reasoning, unlike inductive inference, is not a matter of abstract reasoning alone but one of good judgment and common sense.
Author : Dov M. Gabbay,Franz Guenthner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 456 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2001-12-31
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 1402001398
It is with great pleasure that we are presenting to the community the second edition of this extraordinary handbook. It has been over 15 years since the publication of the first edition and there have been great changes in the landscape of philosophical logic since then. The first edition has proved invaluable to generations of students and researchers in formal philosophy and language, as well as to consumers of logic in many applied areas. The main logic artiele in the Encyelopaedia Britannica 1999 has described the first edition as 'the best starting point for exploring any of the topics in logic'. We are confident that the second edition will prove to be just as good. ! The first edition was the second handbook published for the logic commu nity. It followed the North Holland one volume Handbook 0/ Mathematical Logic, published in 1977, edited by the late Jon Barwise. The four volume Handbook 0/ Philosophical Logic, published 1983-1989 came at a fortunate temporal junction at the evolution of logic. This was the time when logic was gaining ground in computer science and artificial intelligence cireles. These areas were under increasing commercial press ure to provide devices which help andjor replace the human in his daily activity. This pressure required the use of logic in the modelling of human activity and organisa tion on the one hand and to provide the theoretical basis for the computer program constructs on the other.
Author : Sergio Flesca,Giovambattista Ianni
Publisher : Springer
Page : 567 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2003-08-06
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540457572
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the European Conference on Logics in Artificial Intelligence, JELIA 2002, held in Cosenza, Italy in September 2002.The 41 revised full papers presented together with 11 system descriptions and 3 invited contributions were carefuly reviewed and selected from more than 100 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on multi-agent systems, evolution and changes, description logic and the semantic web, complexity issues, probabilistic logic, AI planning, modal logic and causal reasoning, theory, reasoning under uncertainty, satisfiability, paraconsisten reasoning, actions and caution, logic for agents, semantics, and optimization issues in answer set semantics.
Author : Oswaal Editorial Board
Publisher : Oswaal Books
Page : 569 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2023-12-28
Category : Study Aids
ISBN : 9789359586250
Description of the product: • 100% Updated with 2023 Papers (Shift1 to 3) Fully Solved • Extensive Practice with 1200+ Previous Years Questions & Detailed Explanations • Crisp Recap with Smart Mind Maps, Mnemonics & Concept Videos • Valuable Exam Insights with Hints, Shortcuts & Expert Tips to crack CAT on the first attempt • Concept Clarity: learn key concepts through Revision Notes and Shortcuts • 100% Exam Readiness with 1 Sample Question Paper & Previous Years’ Subjective Trend Analysis (2017-23)
Author : Oswaal Editorial Board
Publisher : Oswaal Books
Page : 913 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2023-12-28
Category : Study Aids
ISBN : 9789359589893
Description of the product: • 100% Updated with 2023 Three Shifts Papers Fully Solved • Concept Clarity: learn key concepts through Revision Notes and smart Shortcuts • Extensive Practice with 2200+ Chapter-wise Practice Questions & 3 Sample Question Papers • Crisp Recap with Smart Mind Maps, Mnemonics & Concept Videos • Valuable Exam Insights with Tips, Tricks & Shortcuts to ace CAT in 1 st attempt • 100% Exam Readiness with Previous Years’ Subjective Trend Analysis
Author : Oswaal Editorial Board
Publisher : Oswaal Books
Page : 515 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2023-04-22
Category : Study Aids
ISBN : 9789356345584
Description of the product: • 100% Updated with 2022 Paper Fully Solved •. Extensive Practice with 1200+ Questions & 1 Sample Paper • Crisp Revision with Revision Notes, Mind Maps & Mnemonics • Valuable Exam Insights with Hints, Shortcuts & Expert Tips to crack CAT on the first attempt • Concept Clarity with 1200+ Concepts • 100% Exam Readiness with Section-wise Trend Analysis (2017-2022)
Author : Oswaal Editorial Board
Publisher : Oswaal Books and Learning Private Limited
Page : 857 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2023-01-26
Category : Study Aids
ISBN : 9789356348486
Benefits of book which distinguish it from others: • Strictly as per the latest Syllabus and pattern • Latest Solved Papers 2022 (Shift 1 to 3) with explanations • Three Sections are as follows- Verbal Ability & Reading comprehension (VARC), Data Interpretation & Logical Reasoning (DILR) and Quantitative Aptitude (QA). • Chapter wise and Topic wise introduction to enable quick revision and systematic flow of concepts in Revision Notes on all three sections. • Previous Years’ (1990-2008 & 2017-2022) Exam Questions to facilitate focused study • CAT Success Story • Tips to crack the CAT Exam in the first Attempt • How to use this Book? • CAT Score Vs Percentile • CAT 2022 & 2021 – All three sessions’ papers section wise for understanding pattern and type of the questions. • Focussed Practice from 3 Sample Question Papers of CAT. • CAT Section-wise Trend and Chapter Analysis • Answer key with Explanation for perfect concept understanding • Valuable insights – tips, tricks and short Cuts • Mind Maps to provoke new ideas • Boost Memory skills with Mnemonics • Concept wise Videos in QR codes for Digital Learning Experience
Author : Dov Gabbay
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 644 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 1997-05-28
Category : Computers
ISBN : 3540630953
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Joint Conference on Qualitative and Quantitative Practical Reasoning, ECSQARU-FAPR'97, held in Bad Honnef, Germany, in June 1997. The volume presents 33 revised full papers carefully selected for inclusion in the book by the program committee as well as 12 invited contributions. Among the various aspects of human practical reasoning addressed in the papers are nonmonotonic logics, default reasoning, modal logics, belief function theory, Bayesian networks, fuzzy logic, possibility theory, inference algorithms, dynamic reasoning with partial models, and user modeling approaches.