Transnational Organized Crime Terrorism And Criminalized States In Latin America

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Transnational Organized Crime, Terrorism, and Criminalized States in Latin America

Author : Douglas Farah
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : National security
ISBN : IND:30000145975151

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Transnational Organized Crime, Terrorism, and Criminalized States in Latin America by Douglas Farah Pdf

The emergence of new hybrid (state and nonstate) transnational criminal/terrorist franchises in Latin America operating under broad state protection now pose a tier-one security threat for the United States. Similar hybrid franchise models are developing in other parts of the world, making understanding the new dynamics an important factor in a broader national security context. This threat goes well beyond the traditional nonstate theory of constraints activity such as drug trafficking, money laundering, and human trafficking into the potential for trafficking related to weapons of mass destruction by designated terrorist organizations and their sponsors. These activities are carried out with the support of regional and extra regional states actors whose leadership is deeply enmeshed in criminal activity, which yields billions of dollars in illicit revenues every year. These same leaders have a publicly articulated, common doctrine of asymmetrical warfare against the United States and its allies that explicitly endorses as legitimate the use of weapons of mass destruction. The central binding element in this alliance is a hatred for the West, particularly the United States, and deep anti-Semitism, based on a shared view that the 1979 Iranian Revolution was a transformative historical event. For Islamists, it is evidence of divine favor; and for Bolivarians, a model of a successful asymmetrical strategy to defeat the "Empire." The primary architect of this theology/ideology that merges radical Islam and radical, anti-Western populism and revolutionary zeal is the convicted terrorist Ilich Sánchez Ramirez, better known as "Carlos the Jackal," whom Chávez has called a true visionary.

Transnational Organized Crime, Terrorism, and Criminalized States in Latin America

Author : Douglas Farah,U. S. Army War College,Strategic Studies Institute
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2013-05-26
Category : Education
ISBN : 1304075028

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Transnational Organized Crime, Terrorism, and Criminalized States in Latin America by Douglas Farah,U. S. Army War College,Strategic Studies Institute Pdf

The emergence of new hybrid (state and nonstate) transnational criminal/terrorist franchises in Latin America operating under broad state protection now pose a tier-one security threat for the United States. Similar hybrid franchise models are developing in other parts of the world, which makes the understanding of these new dynamics an important factor in a broader national security context. This threat goes well beyond the traditional nonstate theory of constraints activity, such as drug trafficking, money laundering, and human trafficking, into the potential for trafficking related to weapons of mass destruction by designated terrorist organizations and their sponsors. These activities are carried out with the support of regional and extra-regional state actors whose leadership is deeply enmeshed in criminal activity, which yields billions of dollars in illicit revenues every year.

Transnational Organized Crime, Terrorism, and Criminalized States in Latin America

Author : Douglas Farah
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : National security
ISBN : 1584875399

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Transnational Organized Crime, Terrorism, and Criminalized States in Latin America by Douglas Farah Pdf

The emergence of new hybrid (state and nonstate) transnational criminal/terrorist franchises in Latin America operating under broad state protection now pose a tier-one security threat for the United States. Similar hybrid franchise models are developing in other parts of the world, making understanding the new dynamics an important factor in a broader national security context. This threat goes well beyond the traditional nonstate theory of constraints activity such as drug trafficking, money laundering, and human trafficking into the potential for trafficking related to weapons of mass destruction by designated terrorist organizations and their sponsors. These activities are carried out with the support of regional and extra regional states actors whose leadership is deeply enmeshed in criminal activity, which yields billions of dollars in illicit revenues every year. These same leaders have a publicly articulated, common doctrine of asymmetrical warfare against the United States and its allies that explicitly endorses as legitimate the use of weapons of mass destruction. The central binding element in this alliance is a hatred for the West, particularly the United States, and deep anti-Semitism, based on a shared view that the 1979 Iranian Revolution was a transformative historical event. For Islamists, it is evidence of divine favor; and for Bolivarians, a model of a successful asymmetrical strategy to defeat the "Empire." The primary architect of this theology/ideology that merges radical Islam and radical, anti-Western populism and revolutionary zeal is the convicted terrorist Ilich Sánchez Ramirez, better known as "Carlos the Jackal," whom Chávez has called a true visionary.

Transnational Organized Crime, Terrorism, and Criminalized States in Latin America

Author : Douglas Farah
Publisher : Strategic Studies Institute U. S. Army War College
Page : 83 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : National security
ISBN : 1584875399

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Transnational Organized Crime, Terrorism, and Criminalized States in Latin America by Douglas Farah Pdf

The emergence of new hybrid (state and nonstate) transnational criminal/terrorist franchises in Latin America operating under broad state protection now pose a tier-one security threat for the United States. Similar hybrid franchise models are developing in other parts of the world, which makes the understanding of these new dynamics an important factor in a broader national security context. This threat goes well beyond the traditional nonstate theory of constraints activity, such as drug trafficking, money laundering, and human trafficking, into the potential for trafficking related to weapons of mass destruction by designated terrorist organizations and their sponsors. These activities are carried out with the support of regional and extra-regional state actors whose leadership is deeply enmeshed in criminal activity, which yields billions of dollars in illicit revenues every year. These same leaders have a publicly articulated, common doctrine of asymmetrical warfare against the United States and its allies that explicitly endorses as legitimate the use of weapons of mass destruction. The central binding element in this alliance is a hatred for the West, particularly the United States, and deep anti-Semitism, based on a shared view that the 1979 Iranian Revolution was a transformative historical event. For Islamists, it is evidence of divine favor; and for Bolivarians, a model of a successful asymmetrical strategy to defeat the "Empire." The primary architect of this theology/ideology that merges radical Islam and radical, anti-Western populism and revolutionary zeal is the convicted terrorist Ilich Sanchez Ramirez, better known as "Carlos the Jackal," whom Chavez has called a true visionary.

Transnational Organized Crime, Terrorism, and Criminalized States in Latin America

Author : Douglas Farah
Publisher : Scholar's Choice
Page : 98 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2015-02-15
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 129804216X

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Transnational Organized Crime, Terrorism, and Criminalized States in Latin America by Douglas Farah Pdf

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Drugs, Gangs, and Violence

Author : Jonathan D. Rosen,Hanna Samir Kassab
Publisher : Springer
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2018-08-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783319944517

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Drugs, Gangs, and Violence by Jonathan D. Rosen,Hanna Samir Kassab Pdf

This book examines the nature of transnational organized crime and gangs, and how these diverse organizations contribute to violence, especially in so-called fragile states across Central and Latin America. While the nature of organized crime and violence differs depending on the context, the authors explain how and why states plagued by weak institutions tend to foster criminal organizations and violence, and why counter-crime initiatives often result in higher levels of violence. By examining the consequences of tough on crime policies (e.g., mano dura) in places like Mexico, El Salvador, and Colombia, the volume offers a new perspective on the link between state fragility, crime, and violence.

Strategic Overview of Latin America: Identifying New Convergence Centers, Forgotten Territories, and Vital Hubs for Transnational Organized Crime

Author : Kathryn Babineau,Douglas Farah
Publisher : Independently Published
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2019-02-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1796686581

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Strategic Overview of Latin America: Identifying New Convergence Centers, Forgotten Territories, and Vital Hubs for Transnational Organized Crime by Kathryn Babineau,Douglas Farah Pdf

This book outlines a number of critical strategic challenges in Latin America for U.S. policymakers, which were directly identified in the December 2017 National Security Strategy. However, despite this recognition, these issues are seldom featured in policy discussions about the region. Through the framework of the convergence paradigm, which contends that multiple criminal/ terrorist groups work collaboratively when such cooperation is mutually convenient, we consider a number of territories, key commodities, and new money-laundering methodologies that have allowed transnational organized crime (TOC) networks to flourish in seemingly marginal regions of the hemisphere. Long considered to be a critical challenge in Latin America, regional TOC groups, often under the direct protection of state actors, are able to adapt and thrive when policymakers do not understand the evolution of their operations, recognize the roles criminalized states often play, or develop innovative tools to combat TOC adaptations. Through examination of these evolving challenges, this analysis seeks to raise awareness among policymakers and to demonstrate how relatively few strategically targeted, well-placed resources can curb the financial and territorial reach of TOC groups. Furthermore, the analysis shows that continuing neglect of these challenges can enable the growth of criminalized, anti-U.S. regional powers, and hamper the ability of key U.S. allies to promote the rule of law and democratic growth throughout the region. This analysis begins with a study of convergence in the illicit gold trade, drawing on fieldwork in Puerto Maldonado, Peru. It then considers three countries-Paraguay, Bolivia, and Nicaragua-that receive little attention from policymakers but are key players in the emerging drug trafficking, gold trade, money-laundering, and extra-regional illicit networks in Latin America. The discussion of both Bolivia and Paraguay features a brief study of the activities of the Primeiro Comando da Capital (First Command of the Capital), based in Brazil but rapidly expanding its operations across South and Central America. Despite being one of the largest and fastest-growing criminal gangs in the hemisphere, it is seldom viewed as an important consideration for regional trends. Finally, an overview of the Ramiro Network, a massive regional state-sponsored money-laundering structure based on fictitious oil sales, highlights a key convergence point for TOC activity in El Salvador, Venezuela, Nicaragua, and Colombia- including the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia or, FARC), FARC "dissidents," and Russia.Many trend lines in Latin America are worrisome, and the actors discussed here are directly tied to the more visible crisis in Venezuela and the growing threat in Colombia. Ties between the FARC secretariat in Colombia-recently demobilized after a historic December 2016 peace agreement-and FARC dissident structures that remain engaged in cocaine trafficking and other illicit activities are now clearly documented and demand serious responses in order to ensure the continued security of Colombia, a close U.S. regional ally. Leaving the actors in these new regions of convergence to grow unchecked presents a serious security risk to the United States and the region.

Transnational Crimes in the Americas

Author : Marshall B. Lloyd
Publisher : Anthem Press
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2018-10-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781783088423

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Transnational Crimes in the Americas by Marshall B. Lloyd Pdf

‘Transnational Crimes in the Americas’ addresses contemporary issues with respect to public institutions that are stakeholders in the fight against globalization of crime. Regional public organizations, with a primary focus on the Americas, constitute a framework for understanding the need for an institutional response within the Western Hemisphere. While other authors have addressed the growth of organized crime, no one has explained institutional developments in the struggle against transnational crimes. 'Transnational Crimes in the Americas’ highlights existing organizations, emphasizing a regional response to transnational crimes, suggestions for a permanent criminal court in the Americas and an appraisal of the current state of institutional developments in the region.

Transnational Organized Crime in Latin America and the Caribbean

Author : R. Evan Ellis
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2018-03-19
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781498567978

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Transnational Organized Crime in Latin America and the Caribbean by R. Evan Ellis Pdf

This book provides an overview of transnational organized crime in Latin America. It explores the geography of illicit activities, analyzes the relationships of specific groups, assesses the approaches of regional governments to combatting transnational organized crime, and recommends future action for regional governments and US policymakers.

Crime, Violence and the State in Latin America

Author : Jonathan D. Rosen,Hanna Samir Kassab
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 144 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2022-04
Category : Drug control
ISBN : 0367529459

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Crime, Violence and the State in Latin America by Jonathan D. Rosen,Hanna Samir Kassab Pdf

In this succinct text, Jonathan D. Rosen and Hanna Samir Kassab explore the linkage between weak institutions and government policies designed to combat drug trafficking, organized crime, and violence in Latin America. Using quantitative analysis to examine criminal violence and publicly available survey data from the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP) to conduct regression analysis, individual case studies on Colombia, Mexico, El Salvador, and Nicaragua highlight the major challenges that governments face and how they have responded to various security issues. Rosen and Kassab later turn their attention to the role of external criminal actors in the region and offer policy recommendations and lessons learned. Questions explored include: What are the major trends in organized crime in this country? How has organized crime evolved over time? Who are the major criminal actors? How has state fragility contributed to organized crime and violence (and vice versa)? What has been the government's response to drug trafficking and organized crime? Have such policies contributed to violence? Crime, Violence and the State in Latin America is suitable to both undergraduate and graduate courses in criminal justice, international relations, political science, comparative politics, international political economy, organized crime, drug trafficking, and violence.

Transnational Organized Crime and International Security

Author : Mats R. Berdal,Mónica Serrano
Publisher : Lynne Rienner Publishers
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1588260909

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Transnational Organized Crime and International Security by Mats R. Berdal,Mónica Serrano Pdf

Though the provision of illicit goods and services is far from being a new phenomenon, today's global economic environment has allowed transnational organized crime an unprecedented capacity to challenge states. The authors of this book examine the trends underlying the explosion of transnational organized crime and consider possible responses. Emphasizing the difficulties encountered by individual states in their efforts to deal with this security dilemma, they highlight the growing importance of multilateral initiatives.

Criminal Politics and Botched Development in Contemporary Latin America

Author : Andreas E. Feldmann,Juan Pablo Luna
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 97 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2023-08-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781108960601

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Criminal Politics and Botched Development in Contemporary Latin America by Andreas E. Feldmann,Juan Pablo Luna Pdf

This Element investigates the relationship between the narcotics industry and politics and assesses how it influences domestic political dynamics, including economic development prospects in Latin America. It argues that links between criminal organizations, politicians, and state agents give rise to criminal politics (i.e., the interrelated activity of politicians, organized crime actors, and state agents in pursuing their respective agendas and goals). Criminal politics is upending how countries function politically and, consequently, impacting the prospects and nature of their social and economic development. The Element claims that diverse manifestations of criminal politics arise depending on how different phases of drug-trafficking activity (e.g., production, trafficking, and money laundering) interact with countries' distinct politico-institutional endowments. The argument is probed through the systematic examination of four cases that have received scant attention in the specialized literature: Chile,Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay.

More Money, More Crime

Author : Marcelo Bergman
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2018-05-07
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780190608798

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More Money, More Crime by Marcelo Bergman Pdf

While worldwide crime is declining overall, criminality in Latin America has reached unprecedented levels that have ushered in social unrest and political turmoil. Despite major political and economic gains, crime has increased in every Latin American country over the past 25 years, currently making this region the most crime-ridden and violent in the world. Over the past two decades, Latin America has enjoyed economic growth, poverty and inequality reduction, rising consumer demand, and spreading democracy, but it also endured a dramatic outbreak of violence and property crimes. In More Money, More Crime, Marcelo Bergman argues that prosperity enhanced demand for stolen and illicit goods supplied by illegal rackets. Crime surged as weak states and outdated criminal justice systems could not meet the challenge posed by new profitably criminal enterprises. Based on large-scale data sets, including surveys from inmates and victims, Bergman analyzes the development of crime as a business in the region, and the inability-and at times complicity-of state agencies and officers to successfully contain it. While organized crime has grown, Latin American governments have lacked the social vision to promote sustainable upward mobility, and have failed to improve the technical capacities of law enforcement agencies to deter criminality. The weak state responses have only further entrenched the influence of criminal groups making them all the more difficult to dismantle. More Money, More Crime is a sobering study that foresees a continued rise in violence while prosperity increases unless governments develop appropriate responses to crime and promote genuine social inclusion.

State and Nonstate Associated Gangs

Author : Max G. Manwaring
Publisher : Strategic Studies Institute
Page : 61 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : History
ISBN : 9781584873907

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State and Nonstate Associated Gangs by Max G. Manwaring Pdf

This monograph explores the complex protean character and hegemonic role of gangs operating as state and nonstate surrogates in the contemporary asymmetric and irregular global security arena. Gangs come in different types with different motives, and with different modes of action. Examples include Venezuela's institutionalized "popular militias," Colombia's devolving paramilitary criminal or warrior bands (bandas criminales), and al-Qaeda's loosely organized networks of propaganda-agitator gangs operating in Spain and elsewhere in Western Europe. Motives and actions of these diverse groups are further complicated by their evershifting alliances with insurgents, transnational criminal organizations (TCOs), drug cartels, warlords, governments that want to maintain a plausible denial of aggressive action, and any other state or nonstate actor that might require the services of a mercenary gang organization or surrogate. Lessons derived from these cases demonstrate how gangs might fit into a holistic effort to compel radical political-social change, and illustrate how traditional political-military objectives may be achieved indirectly, rather than directly. These lessons are significant beyond their own domestic political context in that they are harbingers of many of the "wars among the people" that have emerged out of the Cold War, and are taking us kicking and screaming into the 21st century.

Organized Crime, Fear and Peacebuilding in Mexico

Author : Mauricio Meschoulam
Publisher : Springer
Page : 153 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2018-06-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783319949291

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Organized Crime, Fear and Peacebuilding in Mexico by Mauricio Meschoulam Pdf

The book focuses on the psychosocial effects that organized crime related violence has produced in Mexico. It connects one of the major worries of our times – terrorism – with the conditions of peacelessness that prevail in Mexico. Specifically, the project explores the role played by fear as a peace disruptor, as well as one of the most important obstacles to social and democratic development, and inclusiveness. The volume contributes to the debate on whether the escalation of violence in Mexico since 2006 has produced circumstances similar to those countries that suffer terrorism, and to what degree that discussion can help in the construction of a more democratic and inclusive society.