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Tunneling Phenomena in Chemical Physics by V.I. Gol'danskii Pdf
Surveys the contemporary concepts and theoretical and experimental results of tunneling processes. Examines from a unified viewpoint not only chemical reactions but also other physical physicochemical and biological phenomena in which the tunneling effect is of great importance. Covers the general ideas of tunneling, the low temperature chemical reactions that manifest tunneling mechanisms, tunneling effects in amorphous materials, quantum diffusion and surface phenomena in quantum crystals, hopping diffusion and tunneling scavenging of electrons, and tunneling effects in biological systems.
Atom Tunneling Phenomena in Physics, Chemistry and Biology by Tetsuo Miyazaki Pdf
Topics include the theory of atom tunneling reactions, conclusive evidence and controlling factors for such reactions in solid hydrogen, tunneling dislocation motion, coherent tunneling diffusion, the production of interstellar molecules and semiconductors using tunneling reactions, the effect of atom tunneling on molecular structure and crystalline structure, the suppression of mutation and cancer by an atom tunneling reaction of vitamin C, and atom tunneling reactions of vitamin E and of enzymes.
Tunneling Phenomena in Solids by Elias Burstein Pdf
The aim of this volume is to provide advanced predoctoral students and young postdoctoral physicists with an opportunity to study the concepts of tunneling phenomena in solids and the theoretical and experimental techniques for their investigation. The contributions are primarily tutorial in nature, covering theoretical and experimental aspects of electron tunnel ing in semiconductors, metals, and superconductors, and atomic tunneling in solids. The work is based upon the lectures delivered at the Advanced Study Institute on "Tunneling Phenomena in Solids," held at the Danish A. E. C. Research Establishment, Riso, Denmark, June 19-30, 1967. Sponsored by the Danish Atomic Energy Commission, the Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics (NORDITA), and the Science Affairs Division of NATO, with the cooperation of the University of Copenhagen, the Technical University of Denmark, Chalmers Institute of Technology, and the University of Penn sylvania, the lectures were presented by a distinguished panel of scientists who have made major contributions in the field. The relatively large number of lecturers was, in part, made possible by the close coordination of the Advanced Study Institute with the Second International Conference on Electron Tunneling in Solids, which was held at Riso on June 29, 30 and July 1, 1967, under the sponsorship of the U. S. Army Research Office Durham. We are indebted to I. Giaever, E. O. Kane, J. Rowell, and J. R. Schrieffer for advice and assistance in planning the lecture program of the Institute.
Electron Tunneling in Chemistry by R.F. Khairutdinov,K.I. Zamaraev,V.P. Zhadanov Pdf
In Volume 30, an attempt is made to consider comprehensively both theoretical and experimental data that have been obtained to date on electron tunneling reactions involving chemical compounds of various classes, and to discuss the role played by these reactions in different areas of chemistry. The discussion of the above problem is preceded by a review of data on tunneling phenomena in nuclear physics, atomic physics, solid-state physics, as well as on the tunneling effects in chemistry that go beyond the framework of the main subject of this monograph. This review is included to acquaint the reader with the role of tunneling phenomena in physics and chemistry as a whole, to show how diversified the kingdom of tunneling phenomena is, and to see more distinctly the similarities and the differences between electron tunneling in chemical reactions and other tunnel phenomena.
Quantum Mechanical Tunneling in Chemical Physics by Hiroki Nakamura,Gennady Mil'nikov Pdf
Quantum mechanical tunneling plays important roles in a wide range of natural sciences, from nuclear and solid-state physics to proton transfer and chemical reactions in chemistry and biology. Responding to the need for further understanding of multidimensional tunneling, the authors have recently developed practical methods that can be applied to multidimensional systems. Quantum Mechanical Tunneling in Chemical Physics presents basic theories, as well as original ones developed by the authors. It also provides methodologies and numerical applications to real molecular systems. The book offers information so readers can understand the basic concepts and dynamics of multidimensional tunneling phenomena and use the described methods for various molecular spectroscopy and chemical dynamics problems. The text focuses on three tunneling phenomena: (1) energy splitting, or tunneling splitting, in symmetric double well potential, (2) decay of metastable state through tunneling, and (3) tunneling effects in chemical reactions. Incorporating mathematics to explain basic theories, the text requires readers to have graduate-level math to grasp the concepts presented. The book reviews low-dimensional theories and clarifies their insufficiency conceptually and numerically. It also examines the phenomenon of nonadiabatic tunneling, which is common in molecular systems. The book describes applications to real polyatomic molecules, such as vinyl radicals and malonaldehyde, demonstrating the high efficiency and accuracy of the method. It discusses tunneling in chemical reactions, including theories for direct evaluation of reaction rate constants for both electronically adiabatic and nonadiabatic chemical reactions. In the final chapter, the authors touch on future perspectives.
Tunneling Phenomena in Chemical Physics by V.I. Gol'danskii,L.I. Trakhtenberg,V.N. Fleurov Pdf
Surveys the contemporary concepts and theoretical and experimental results of tunneling processes. Examines from a unified viewpoint not only chemical reactions but also other physical physicochemical and biological phenomena in which the tunneling effect is of great importance. Covers the general ideas of tunneling, the low temperature chemical reactions that manifest tunneling mechanisms, tunneling effects in amorphous materials, quantum diffusion and surface phenomena in quantum crystals, hopping diffusion and tunneling scavenging of electrons, and tunneling effects in biological systems.
Tunnelling in Molecules by Johannes Kästner,Sebastian Kozuch Pdf
Quantum tunnelling is one of the strangest phenomena in chemistry, where we see the wave nature of atoms acting in “impossible” ways. By letting molecules pass through the kinetic barrier instead of over it, this effect can lead to chemical reactions even close to the absolute zero, to atypical spectroscopic observations, to bizarre selectivity, or to colossal isotopic effects. Quantum mechanical tunnelling observations might be infrequent in chemistry, but it permeates through all its disciplines producing remarkable chemical outcomes. For that reason, the 21st century has seen a great increase in theoretical and experimental findings involving molecular tunnelling effects, as well as in novel techniques that permit their accurate predictions and analysis. Including experimental, computational and theoretical chapters, from the physical and organic to the biochemistry fields, from the applied to the academic arenas, this new book provides a broad and conceptual perspective on tunnelling reactions and how to study them. Quantum Tunnelling in Molecules is the obligatory stop for both the specialist and those new to this world.
Quantum Mechanical Tunneling in Chemical Physics by Hiroki Nakamura,Gennady Mil'nikov Pdf
Quantum mechanical tunneling plays important roles in a wide range of natural sciences, from nuclear and solid-state physics to proton transfer and chemical reactions in chemistry and biology. Responding to the need for further understanding of multidimensional tunneling, the authors have recently developed practical methods that can be applied to
The Tunnel Effect in Chemistry by Ronald Percy Bell Pdf
The suggestion that quantum-mechanical tunnelling might be a significant factor in some chemical reactions was first made fifty years ago by Hund, very soon after the principles of wave mechanics had been established by de Broglie, Schrodinger and Heisenberg, and similar ideas were put forward during the following thirty years by a number of authors. It was realised from the beginning that such effects would be particularly prominent in reactions involving the movement of protons or hydrogen atoms, and both theoretical and experimental work received a powerful stimulus in the discovery of deuterium in 1932. During the last twenty years theoretical predictions about the tunnel effect have been supported by an increasing body of experimental evidence, derived especially from studies of hydrogen isotope effects. The present book presents an attempt to summarize this evidence and to indicate the main lines of the basic theory. Details of mathematical manipu lation are restricted mainly to Chapter 2 and the Appendices, and many readers may prefer to confine themselves to the results obtained. The main emphasis has been on the kinetics of chemical reactions involving the transfer of protons, hydrogen atoms or hydride ions, although Chapter 6 gives an account of the role of the tunnel effect in molecular spectra, and Chapter 7 makes some mention of tunnelling in solid state phenomena, biological processes and the electrolytic discharge of hydrogen. Only passing references have been made to tunnelling by electrons.
Advances in Chemical Physics, Volume 75 by Ilya Prigogine,Stuart A. Rice Pdf
The Advances in Chemical Physics series provides the chemical physics and physical chemistry fields with a forum for critical, authoritative evaluations of advances in every area of the discipline. Filled with cutting-edge research reported in a cohesive manner not found elsewhere in the literature, each volume of the Advances in Chemical Physics series serves as the perfect supplement to any advanced graduate class devoted to the study of chemical physics.
Physico-Chemical Phenomena in Thin Films and at Solid Surfaces by Anonim Pdf
The book is devoted to the consideration of the different processes taking place in thin films and at surfaces. Since the most important physico-chemical phenomena in such media are accompanied by the rearrangement of an intra- and intermolecular coordinates and consequently a surrounding molecular ensemble, the theory of radiationless multi-vibrational transitions is used for its description. The second part of the book considers the numerous surface phenomena. And in the third part is described the preparation methods and characteristics of different types of thin films. Both experimental and theoretical descriptions are represented. Media rearrangement coupled with the reagent transformation largely determines the absolute value and temperature dependence of the rate constants and other characteristics of the considered processes. These effects are described at the atomic or molecular level based on the multi-phonon theory, starting from the first pioneering studies through to contemporary studies. A number of questions are included at the end of many chapters to further reinforce the material presented. · Unified approach to the description of numerous physico-chemical phenomena in different materials · Based on the pioneering research work of the authors · Explantion of a variety of experimental observations · Material is presented at two levels of complexity for specialists and non-specialists · Identifies existing and potential applications of the processes and phenomena · Includes questions at the end of some chapters to further reinforce the material discussed
University Physics is a three-volume collection that meets the scope and sequence requirements for two- and three-semester calculus-based physics courses. Volume 1 covers mechanics, sound, oscillations, and waves. Volume 2 covers thermodynamics, electricity and magnetism, and Volume 3 covers optics and modern physics. This textbook emphasizes connections between between theory and application, making physics concepts interesting and accessible to students while maintaining the mathematical rigor inherent in the subject. Frequent, strong examples focus on how to approach a problem, how to work with the equations, and how to check and generalize the result. The text and images in this textbook are grayscale.
Provides an introduction to the structure and function of biomolecules --- especially proteins --- and the physical tools used to investigate them The discussion concentrates on physical tools and properties, emphasizing techniques that are contributing to new developments and avoiding those that are already well established and whose results have already been exploited fully New tools appear regularly - synchrotron radiation, proton radiology, holography, optical tweezers, and muon radiography, for example, have all been used to open new areas of understanding
Tunneling in Biological Systems by Britton Chance,Don Charles Devault,Hans Frauenfelder Pdf
Tunneling in Biological Systems focuses on the low temperature electron transport that reveals a quantum-mechanical effect called “tunneling. This book discusses the tunneling in physical systems; detection of molecular vibrations with electron tunneling; chemical-rate theory of small-polaron hopping; and experimental approaches to electronic coupling in metal ion redox systems. The Faraday rotation and photoconductivity of photosynthetic structures at microwave frequencies; dynamics of electron transport in macromolecules; and electron transfer reactions in cytochrome oxidase are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the kinetic evidence for electron tunneling in solution; specificity and control in biological systems; molecular tunneling in heme proteins; and ligand binding. This publication is valuable to students and researchers interested in the physics of biological and medical problems.