Understanding Drugs Markets

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Understanding Drugs Markets

Carine Baxerres,Maurice Cassier
Understanding Drugs Markets Book PDF

Author : Carine Baxerres,Maurice Cassier
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 285 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2021-07-23
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000413144

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Understanding Drugs Markets by Carine Baxerres,Maurice Cassier Pdf

Drawing on anthropology, historical sociology and social-epidemiology, this multidisciplinary book investigates how pharmaceuticals are produced, distributed, prescribed, (and) consumed, and regulated in order to construct a comprehensive understanding of the issues that drive (medicine) pharmaceutical markets in the Global South today. Based on primary research conducted in Benin and Ghana, and additional data collected in Cambodia and the Ivory Coast, this volume uses artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) against malaria as a central case study. It highlights the influence of the countries colonial and post-colonial history on their models for state regulation, production, and distribution, explores the determining role transnational actors as well as industries from the North but also and increasingly from the South play in influencing local pharmaceutical markets and looks at the behaviour of health care professionals and individuals. Stepping back, the authors then unpick the pharmaceuticalization process and the multiple regulations at stake by looking at the workings of, and linkages between, (biomedical health) pharmaceutical systems, (representatives of companies) industries, actors in private distribution, and consumer practices. Providing a thorough comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of different pharmaceutical systems, it is an important contribution to the literature on pharmaceutalization and the governance of medication. It is of interest to students, researchers and policy-makers interested in medical anthropology, the sociology of health and illness, global health, healthcare management and pharmacy.

Understanding Drug Dealing and Illicit Drug Markets

Tammy C. Ayres,Craig Ancrum
Understanding Drug Dealing and Illicit Drug Markets Book PDF

Author : Tammy C. Ayres,Craig Ancrum
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 434 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2023-07-31
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781351010221

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Understanding Drug Dealing and Illicit Drug Markets by Tammy C. Ayres,Craig Ancrum Pdf

This book examines the drug dealer in contemporary society from an interdisciplinary perspective and considers the increasingly blurred demarcation between illegitimate and legitimate drug markets. It explores the motives and drivers of those involved in drug supply and dispels common and stereotypical myths and misconceptions surrounding illegal drug markets and those who operate within them. The drug dealer has become one of our foremost contemporary ‘folk devils’. Those who trade in substances prohibited by law are the subject of array of inaccurate myths and urban legends. Criminology has tended either to shoehorn drug dealers into neat typologies or portray them as ‘victims’ of an uncaring, predatory post-modern society. In reality, we know relatively little about the complex and diverse world of drug markets and our concentration inevitably falls on low-end ‘retail’ dealers who operate in the most visible sectors of the illegal economy. Bringing together an international group of experts, this book considers perspectives from around the world, including UK, USA, South America, Spain, India and Australia. This book will be of interest to students and researchers across criminology, law, sociology, criminal justice and public health, and will be essential reading for those taking courses on drugs, drug markets and substance misuse.

Understanding the Demand for Illegal Drugs

National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Law and Justice,Committee on Understanding and Controlling the Demand for Illegal Drugs
Understanding the Demand for Illegal Drugs Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Law and Justice,Committee on Understanding and Controlling the Demand for Illegal Drugs
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 124 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2010-10-23
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780309159340

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Understanding the Demand for Illegal Drugs by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Law and Justice,Committee on Understanding and Controlling the Demand for Illegal Drugs Pdf

Despite efforts to reduce drug consumption in the United States over the past 35 years, drugs are just as cheap and available as they have ever been. Cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamines continue to cause great harm in the country, particularly in minority communities in the major cities. Marijuana use remains a part of adolescent development for about half of the country's young people, although there is controversy about the extent of its harm. Given the persistence of drug demand in the face of lengthy and expensive efforts to control the markets, the National Institute of Justice asked the National Research Council to undertake a study of current research on the demand for drugs in order to help better focus national efforts to reduce that demand. This study complements the 2003 book, Informing America's Policy on Illegal Drugs by giving more attention to the sources of demand and assessing the potential of demand-side interventions to make a substantial difference to the nation's drug problems. Understanding the Demand for Illegal Drugs therefore focuses tightly on demand models in the field of economics and evaluates the data needs for advancing this relatively undeveloped area of investigation.

Understanding Drugs Markets

Carine Baxerres,Maurice Cassier
Understanding Drugs Markets Book PDF

Author : Carine Baxerres,Maurice Cassier
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2021-07-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000413106

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Understanding Drugs Markets by Carine Baxerres,Maurice Cassier Pdf

Drawing on anthropology, historical sociology and social-epidemiology, this multidisciplinary book investigates how pharmaceuticals are produced, distributed, prescribed, (and) consumed, and regulated in order to construct a comprehensive understanding of the issues that drive (medicine) pharmaceutical markets in the Global South today. Based on primary research conducted in Benin and Ghana, and additional data collected in Cambodia and the Ivory Coast, this volume uses artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) against malaria as a central case study. It highlights the influence of the countries colonial and post-colonial history on their models for state regulation, production, and distribution, explores the determining role transnational actors as well as industries from the North but also and increasingly from the South play in influencing local pharmaceutical markets and looks at the behaviour of health care professionals and individuals. Stepping back, the authors then unpick the pharmaceuticalization process and the multiple regulations at stake by looking at the workings of, and linkages between, (biomedical health) pharmaceutical systems, (representatives of companies) industries, actors in private distribution, and consumer practices. Providing a thorough comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of different pharmaceutical systems, it is an important contribution to the literature on pharmaceutalization and the governance of medication. It is of interest to students, researchers and policy-makers interested in medical anthropology, the sociology of health and illness, global health, healthcare management and pharmacy. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780429329517, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Understanding Drug Selling in Communities

Tiggy May
Understanding Drug Selling in Communities Book PDF

Author : Tiggy May
Publisher : Policy Press
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2005-01-01
Category : Community life
ISBN : 1859354173

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Understanding Drug Selling in Communities by Tiggy May Pdf

How do local drug markets impact on their 'host' communities? This report, based on the largest British study of drug-dealing to date, draws on work in three areas where drug dealing is prevalent, and assesses the the financial, social, environmental and cultural impact of local drug markets on the communities in which they operate. It documents the views of community members about the market and its impact, whilst exploring the career paths and motivations that lead people into drug dealing, together with the social and demographic differences between dealers, users and others in the community. The authors consider the extent to which drug dealers are predatory outsiders who 'prey on' the local community, suggesting that local drug markets are often integrated - to greater or lesser extent - in the licit and illicit economies of deprived areas. Understanding drug selling in communities highlights the complex nature of drug dealing and its effect on local communities. It outlines a range of possible enforcement measures and will be of interest to a range of practitioners concerned with communities, drug prevention and rehabilitation as well as local authorities, the police and probation service.

Orphan Drugs

Elizabeth Hernberg-Ståhl,Miroslav Reljanović
Orphan Drugs Book PDF

Author : Elizabeth Hernberg-Ståhl,Miroslav Reljanović
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2013-11-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781908818393

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Orphan Drugs by Elizabeth Hernberg-Ståhl,Miroslav Reljanović Pdf

This authoritative and comprehensive book makes the reader familiar with the processes of bringing orphan drugs to the global market. There are between 5,000 and 7,000 rare diseases and the number of patients suffering from them is estimated to be more than 50 million in the US and Europe. Before the orphan drug legislation enacted in the US in 1983, there was a limited interest from industry to develop treatment for very small patient groups. One of the difficulties is, of course, that similar levels of investment are needed from a pharmaceutical company to bring a drug to the market for both small and large patient groups.The journey from application of an orphan drug designation to a reimbursed market- approved drug is long and many obstacles occur during the journey.After reading the book, readers will: Understand who the players/stakeholders are in the rare orphan disease field and their specific needs and concerns: patients and patient organizations, researchers and treating physicians within the field, industry, regulatory and reimbursement bodies* Understand the strong partnership between the different players and the various initiatives to improve and increase access to treatment for patients; minimizing the gap between numbers of known diseases, orphan designations, approved drugs and paid drugs.The book also provides short practical case stories from patients and researchers, as well as representatives from industry and authorities on the challenges they came across in developing orphan drugs or getting access to orphan drugs. A comprehensive overview of strategy, key activities and considerations of how to bring an orphan drug from concept to the market and make it available to patients A source of updated information, news and trends for those who are already active in this fast-evolving field Covers the global definitions and the criteria for getting an orphan drug designation in, for example, the US and Europe

EBOOK: Understanding Drugs, Alcohol and Crime

Trevor Bennett,Katy Holloway
EBOOK Understanding Drugs Alcohol and Crime Book PDF

Author : Trevor Bennett,Katy Holloway
Publisher : McGraw-Hill Education (UK)
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2005-04-16
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780335224234

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EBOOK: Understanding Drugs, Alcohol and Crime by Trevor Bennett,Katy Holloway Pdf

"Bennett and Holloway's Understanding Drugs, Alcohol, and Crime isthe best, most up-to-date and comprehensive examination for theUnited Kingdom of interactions among drugs, alcohol, and crime. Theauthors exhaustively and authoritatively survey current knowledge inthe UK, and from many other countries, on drug and alcohol use ascause, and consequence, of crime, and the effects of law enforcementand treatment responses. Clearly written, unfailingly lucid, andadmirably accurate, this book will be the indispensable work onBritish drug policy for many years to come." Professor Michael Tonry, University of Minnesota Law School, USA "What makes this book particularly interesting is the refreshingly non judgmental presentation which conveys the essence of very important issues in contemporary society. Therefore, this is an ideal text not only for students but also for policy makers, drugs and alcohol counsellors, treatment agencies and everyone interested in doing research on drugs, alcohol and crime." Nicoletta Policek, University of Abertay, Dundee "The publication is not only an excellent summary of the existing research in Great Britain, and to a lesser extent from other jurisdictions, it is a foundation for future research by evoking , and at times provoking, questions and offering a variety of possible responses." Hirsch Greenberg, University of Regina What is the connection between drugs, alcohol and crime? What works in reducing drugs and alcohol-related crime? The book provides a succinct overview of current theory and research on the links between drugs, alcohol use and crime. It discusses the legal and social context of drug and alcohol use and identifies current levels of consumption. Focusing on the UK context, it also takes into account international research where appropriate. Detailed review of the research literature on the connections between drug use and crime Examines the current government anti-drugs policy and assesses the effectiveness of programmes that have been used to reduce drug and alcohol-related crime. The book concludes that future government drugs policy should pay particular attention to the lessons learned from research on the connection between drug and alcohol use and crime. Ideal for criminology, criminal justice, social policy and social work students, this book will also be a useful source of information for policy makers, the police, probation workers, social workers, drugs and alcohol counsellors, treatment agencies, sentencers, voluntary agencies, Drug Action Teams, and others with an interest in research on drugs and crime.

Understanding and Responding to Drug Use

Jane Fountain,European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction
Understanding and Responding to Drug Use Book PDF

Author : Jane Fountain,European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Medical
ISBN : UOM:39015050696346

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Understanding and Responding to Drug Use by Jane Fountain,European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction Pdf

This monograph is the product of the decision of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) to launch a project in 1996 to obtain a comprehensive overview of qualitative research on drugs in Europe. The opening section highlights the multiple roles of qualitative research in understanding and responding to drug use. Part II addresses the impact of qualitative research on policy-making. Part III provides examples of research conducted in European Union cities that has been specifically designed to identify and verify new trends in drug use. Part IV on risk behaviour demonstrates how qualitative research methods have made a considerable contribution to the knowledge and understanding of health risks associated with drug injecting. Subsequent sections consider the theme of social exclusion, drug markets, and drug services evaluation. The final section is given over to qualitative research on drug use within a global research agenda. It reveals the scale of qualitative drug research varies greatly between countries, that little is published in the drug-specific scientific journals and that high quality work often appears to fail to influence policy. The monograph concludes that a comprehensive approach should include the training of individual experts and research teams and exchanges of experience between researchers across and beyond Europe.

Pain Management and the Opioid Epidemic

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Pain Management and Regulatory Strategies to Address Prescription Opioid Abuse
Pain Management and the Opioid Epidemic Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Pain Management and Regulatory Strategies to Address Prescription Opioid Abuse
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 483 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2017-09-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309459570

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Pain Management and the Opioid Epidemic by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Pain Management and Regulatory Strategies to Address Prescription Opioid Abuse Pdf

Drug overdose, driven largely by overdose related to the use of opioids, is now the leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States. The ongoing opioid crisis lies at the intersection of two public health challenges: reducing the burden of suffering from pain and containing the rising toll of the harms that can arise from the use of opioid medications. Chronic pain and opioid use disorder both represent complex human conditions affecting millions of Americans and causing untold disability and loss of function. In the context of the growing opioid problem, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched an Opioids Action Plan in early 2016. As part of this plan, the FDA asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to update the state of the science on pain research, care, and education and to identify actions the FDA and others can take to respond to the opioid epidemic, with a particular focus on informing FDA's development of a formal method for incorporating individual and societal considerations into its risk-benefit framework for opioid approval and monitoring.

The Handbook of Drugs and Society

Henry H. Brownstein
The Handbook of Drugs and Society Book PDF

Author : Henry H. Brownstein
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 658 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2015-12-14
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781118726792

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The Handbook of Drugs and Society by Henry H. Brownstein Pdf

This handbook provides a comprehensive examination of the past and present roles of drugs in society with a focus on theory, research, policy, and practice. Includes 28 original chapters with multi-disciplinary and international perspectives by top social and behavioral scientists Reviews current knowledge in the field, including key research findings, theoretical developments, and methodological debates Identifies ongoing controversies in the field, emergent topics, and areas in need of further inquiry Discusses individual drugs as well as topics like physiological theories of drug use and abuse, public health implications of drugs, patterns of drugs and crime, international drug trade and trafficking, and designer drugs

Countering the Problem of Falsified and Substandard Drugs

Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on Understanding the Global Public Health Implications of Substandard, Falsified, and Counterfeit Medical Products
Countering the Problem of Falsified and Substandard Drugs Book PDF

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on Understanding the Global Public Health Implications of Substandard, Falsified, and Counterfeit Medical Products
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 377 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2013-06-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309269391

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Countering the Problem of Falsified and Substandard Drugs by Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on Understanding the Global Public Health Implications of Substandard, Falsified, and Counterfeit Medical Products Pdf

The adulteration and fraudulent manufacture of medicines is an old problem, vastly aggravated by modern manufacturing and trade. In the last decade, impotent antimicrobial drugs have compromised the treatment of many deadly diseases in poor countries. More recently, negligent production at a Massachusetts compounding pharmacy sickened hundreds of Americans. While the national drugs regulatory authority (hereafter, the regulatory authority) is responsible for the safety of a country's drug supply, no single country can entirely guarantee this today. The once common use of the term counterfeit to describe any drug that is not what it claims to be is at the heart of the argument. In a narrow, legal sense a counterfeit drug is one that infringes on a registered trademark. The lay meaning is much broader, including any drug made with intentional deceit. Some generic drug companies and civil society groups object to calling bad medicines counterfeit, seeing it as the deliberate conflation of public health and intellectual property concerns. Countering the Problem of Falsified and Substandard Drugs accepts the narrow meaning of counterfeit, and, because the nuances of trademark infringement must be dealt with by courts, case by case, the report does not discuss the problem of counterfeit medicines.

Drugs for Life

Joseph Dumit
Drugs for Life Book PDF

Author : Joseph Dumit
Publisher : Duke University Press
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2012-09-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780822348719

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Drugs for Life by Joseph Dumit Pdf

Challenges our understanding of health, risks, facts, and clinical trials [Payot]

Ending Discrimination Against People with Mental and Substance Use Disorders

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on the Science of Changing Behavioral Health Social Norms
Ending Discrimination Against People with Mental and Substance Use Disorders Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on the Science of Changing Behavioral Health Social Norms
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 171 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2016-09-03
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309439121

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Ending Discrimination Against People with Mental and Substance Use Disorders by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on the Science of Changing Behavioral Health Social Norms Pdf

Estimates indicate that as many as 1 in 4 Americans will experience a mental health problem or will misuse alcohol or drugs in their lifetimes. These disorders are among the most highly stigmatized health conditions in the United States, and they remain barriers to full participation in society in areas as basic as education, housing, and employment. Improving the lives of people with mental health and substance abuse disorders has been a priority in the United States for more than 50 years. The Community Mental Health Act of 1963 is considered a major turning point in America's efforts to improve behavioral healthcare. It ushered in an era of optimism and hope and laid the groundwork for the consumer movement and new models of recovery. The consumer movement gave voice to people with mental and substance use disorders and brought their perspectives and experience into national discussions about mental health. However over the same 50-year period, positive change in American public attitudes and beliefs about mental and substance use disorders has lagged behind these advances. Stigma is a complex social phenomenon based on a relationship between an attribute and a stereotype that assigns undesirable labels, qualities, and behaviors to a person with that attribute. Labeled individuals are then socially devalued, which leads to inequality and discrimination. This report contributes to national efforts to understand and change attitudes, beliefs and behaviors that can lead to stigma and discrimination. Changing stigma in a lasting way will require coordinated efforts, which are based on the best possible evidence, supported at the national level with multiyear funding, and planned and implemented by an effective coalition of representative stakeholders. Ending Discrimination Against People with Mental and Substance Use Disorders: The Evidence for Stigma Change explores stigma and discrimination faced by individuals with mental or substance use disorders and recommends effective strategies for reducing stigma and encouraging people to seek treatment and other supportive services. It offers a set of conclusions and recommendations about successful stigma change strategies and the research needed to inform and evaluate these efforts in the United States.

Making Medicines Affordable

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Ensuring Patient Access to Affordable Drug Therapies
Making Medicines Affordable Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Ensuring Patient Access to Affordable Drug Therapies
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 235 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2018-03-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309468084

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Making Medicines Affordable by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Ensuring Patient Access to Affordable Drug Therapies Pdf

Thanks to remarkable advances in modern health care attributable to science, engineering, and medicine, it is now possible to cure or manage illnesses that were long deemed untreatable. At the same time, however, the United States is facing the vexing challenge of a seemingly uncontrolled rise in the cost of health care. Total medical expenditures are rapidly approaching 20 percent of the gross domestic product and are crowding out other priorities of national importance. The use of increasingly expensive prescription drugs is a significant part of this problem, making the cost of biopharmaceuticals a serious national concern with broad political implications. Especially with the highly visible and very large price increases for prescription drugs that have occurred in recent years, finding a way to make prescription medicinesâ€"and health care at largeâ€"more affordable for everyone has become a socioeconomic imperative. Affordability is a complex function of factors, including not just the prices of the drugs themselves, but also the details of an individual's insurance coverage and the number of medical conditions that an individual or family confronts. Therefore, any solution to the affordability issue will require considering all of these factors together. The current high and increasing costs of prescription drugsâ€"coupled with the broader trends in overall health care costsâ€"is unsustainable to society as a whole. Making Medicines Affordable examines patient access to affordable and effective therapies, with emphasis on drug pricing, inflation in the cost of drugs, and insurance design. This report explores structural and policy factors influencing drug pricing, drug access programs, the emerging role of comparative effectiveness assessments in payment policies, changing finances of medical practice with regard to drug costs and reimbursement, and measures to prevent drug shortages and foster continued innovation in drug development. It makes recommendations for policy actions that could address drug price trends, improve patient access to affordable and effective treatments, and encourage innovations that address significant needs in health care.

Key Concepts in Drugs and Society

Ross Coomber,Karen McElrath,Fiona Measham,Karenza Moore
Key Concepts in Drugs and Society Book PDF

Author : Ross Coomber,Karen McElrath,Fiona Measham,Karenza Moore
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 209 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2013-04-29
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781446281574

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Key Concepts in Drugs and Society by Ross Coomber,Karen McElrath,Fiona Measham,Karenza Moore Pdf

′This is a great resource that reflects the huge expertise of the authors. It will be welcomed by students, researchers and indeed anyone wanting critical but comprehensive coverage of key issues and trends concerning drugs and society - locally and globally, historically and today.′ - Nigel South, Professor of Sociology, University of Essex ′Provides informative, balanced and contextualized insights into the relationships between people and drugs. Whatever your background and however knowledgeable you feel you are about contemporary drug issues, I guarantee that you will learn something unexpected and new from this valuable text.′ - Joanne Neale, Professor of Public Health, Oxford Brookes University Why do people take drugs? How do we understand moral panics? What is the relationship between drugs and violence? How do people′s social positions influence their involvement in drug use? Insightful and illuminating, this book discusses drugs in social contexts. The authors bring together their different theoretical and practical backgrounds, offering a comprehensive and interdisciplinary introduction that opens up a wide scientific understanding moving beyond cultural myths and presuppositions. This is an invaluable reference source for students on criminology, sociology and social sciences programmes, as well as drug service practitioners such as drug workers, social workers and specialist nurses.