Understanding Eritrea

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Understanding Eritrea

Martin Plaut
Understanding Eritrea Book PDF

Author : Martin Plaut
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2017-02-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780190694760

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Understanding Eritrea by Martin Plaut Pdf

The most secretive, repressive state in Africa is hemorrhaging its citizens. In some months as many Eritreans as Syrians arrive on European shores, yet the country is not convulsed by civil war. Young men and women risk all to escape. Many do not survive - their bones littering the Sahara; their bodies floating in the Mediterranean. Still they flee, to avoid permanent military service and a future without hope. As the United Nations reported: 'Thousands of conscripts are subjected to forced labor that effectively abuses, exploits and enslaves them for years.' Eritreans fought for their freedom from Ethiopia for thirty years, only to have their revered leader turn on his own people. Independent since 1993, the country has no constitution and no parliament. No budget has ever been published. Elections have never been held and opponents languish in jail. International organizations find it next to impossible to work in the country. Nor is it just a domestic issue. By supporting armed insurrection in neighboring states it has destabilized the Horn of Africa. Eritrea is involved in the Yemeni civil war, while the regime backs rebel movements in Somalia, Ethiopia and Djibouti. This book tells the untold story of how this tiny nation became a world pariah.

Understanding Eritrea

Martin Plaut
Understanding Eritrea Book PDF

Author : Martin Plaut
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2017-02-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780190694654

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Understanding Eritrea by Martin Plaut Pdf

The most secretive, repressive state in Africa is hemorrhaging its citizens. In some months as many Eritreans as Syrians arrive on European shores, yet the country is not convulsed by civil war. Young men and women risk all to escape. Many do not survive - their bones littering the Sahara; their bodies floating in the Mediterranean. Still they flee, to avoid permanent military service and a future without hope. As the United Nations reported: 'Thousands of conscripts are subjected to forced labor that effectively abuses, exploits and enslaves them for years.' Eritreans fought for their freedom from Ethiopia for thirty years, only to have their revered leader turn on his own people. Independent since 1993, the country has no constitution and no parliament. No budget has ever been published. Elections have never been held and opponents languish in jail. International organizations find it next to impossible to work in the country. Nor is it just a domestic issue. By supporting armed insurrection in neighboring states it has destabilized the Horn of Africa. Eritrea is involved in the Yemeni civil war, while the regime backs rebel movements in Somalia, Ethiopia and Djibouti. This book tells the untold story of how this tiny nation became a world pariah.

Explaining Foreign Policy in Post-Colonial Africa

Stephen M. Magu
Explaining Foreign Policy in Post Colonial Africa Book PDF

Author : Stephen M. Magu
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 359 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2021-01-02
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783030629304

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Explaining Foreign Policy in Post-Colonial Africa by Stephen M. Magu Pdf

This book explores foreign policy developments in post-colonial Africa. A continental foreign policy is a tenuous proposition, yet new African states emerged out of armed resistance and advocacy from regional allies such as the Bandung Conference and the League of Arab States. Ghana was the first Sub-Saharan African country to gain independence in 1957. Fourteen more countries gained independence in 1960 alone, and by May 1963, when the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) was formed, 30 countries were independent. An early OAU committee was the African Liberation Committee (ALC), tasked to work in the Frontline States (FLS) to support independence in Southern Africa. Pan-Africanists, in alliance with Brazzaville, Casablanca and Monrovia groups, approached continental unity differently, and regionalism continued to be a major feature. Africa’s challenges were often magnified by the capitalist-democratic versus communist-socialist bloc rivalry, but through Africa’s use and leveraging of IGOs – the UN, UNDP, UNECA, GATT, NIEO and others – to advance development, the formation of the African Economic Community, OAU’s evolution into the AU and other alliances belied collective actions, even as Africa implemented decisions that required cooperation: uti possidetis (maintaining colonial borders), containing secession, intra- and inter-state conflicts, rebellions and building RECs and a united Africa as envisioned by Pan Africanists worked better collectively.

Human Trafficking

Sasha Jesperson,Rune Henriksen,Anne-Marie Barry,Michael Jones
Human Trafficking Book PDF

Author : Sasha Jesperson,Rune Henriksen,Anne-Marie Barry,Michael Jones
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2019-11-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781787383531

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Human Trafficking by Sasha Jesperson,Rune Henriksen,Anne-Marie Barry,Michael Jones Pdf

"Human trafficking" brings to mind gangsters forcing people, often women and girls, to engage in dangerous activities against their will, under threat of violence. However, human trafficking is not limited to the sex trade, and this picture is inadequate. It occurs in many different industries---domestic service, construction, factory labour, on farms and fishing boats---and targets people from all over the globe. Human trafficking is a much more complicated and nuanced picture than its common representations. Victims move through multiple categories along their journey and at their destination, shifting from smuggled migrant to trafficking victim and back again several times. The emergence of a criminal pyramid scheme also makes many victims complicit in their own exploitation. Finally, the threat posed by the involvement of organised crime is little understood. The profit motives and violence that come with such crime make human trafficking more dangerous for its victims and difficult to detect or address. Drawing on field research in source, transit and destination countries, the authors analyse trafficking from four countries: Albania, Eritrea, Nigeria and Vietnam. What emerges is a business model that evolves in response to changes in legislation, governance and law enforcement capacities.

Biopolitics, Militarism, and Development

David O'Kane,Tricia Redeker Hepner
Biopolitics Militarism and Development Book PDF

Author : David O'Kane,Tricia Redeker Hepner
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2009-03-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781845458980

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Biopolitics, Militarism, and Development by David O'Kane,Tricia Redeker Hepner Pdf

Bringing together original, contemporary ethnographic research on the Northeast African state of Eritrea, this book shows how biopolitics - the state-led deployment of disciplinary technologies on individuals and population groups - is assuming particular forms in the twenty-first century. Once hailed as the “African country that works,” Eritrea’s apparently successful post-independence development has since lapsed into economic crisis and severe human rights violations. This is due not only to the border war with Ethiopia that began in 1998, but is also the result of discernible tendencies in the “high modernist” style of social mobilization for development first adopted by the Eritrean government during the liberation struggle (1961–1991) and later carried into the post-independence era. The contributions to this volume reveal and interpret the links between development and developmentalist ideologies, intensifying militarism, and the controlling and disciplining of human lives and bodies by state institutions, policies, and discourses. Also assessed are the multiple consequences of these policies for the Eritrean people and the ways in which such policies are resisted or subverted. This insightful, comparative volume places the Eritrean case in a broader global and transnational context.

Eritrea's External Relations

Richard James Reid
Eritrea s External Relations Book PDF

Author : Richard James Reid
Publisher : Chatham House (Formerly Riia)
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1862032017

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Eritrea's External Relations by Richard James Reid Pdf

"Frequently misunderstood, and too often underestimated, Eritrea is crucial to the stability of the Horn of Africa region and beyond. Despite early optimism after the country gained its independence in 1993, today it has an undemocratic power structure, a low level of socioeconomic development and a highly militarized political system. It has fought wars with each of its neighbours, including a particularly devastating conflict with Ethiopia which remains unresolved. As Eritrea faces the threat of sanctions, and the possibility of being listed by the United States as a state sponsor of terror, its future hangs in the balance - and with it the future of a troubled region that occupies an increasingly strategic position in world affairs. What happens next may depend upon informed and sensitive decision-making by international policy-makers, who until now have had limited sources of reliable information and analysis on this vital region. This volume brings together the insights of international analysts and scholars in an effort to understand the nature of Eritrea's foreign relations, both regionally and in the wider international arena." --Book Jacket.

Eritrea at a Crossroads

Andebrhan Welde Giorgis
Eritrea at a Crossroads Book PDF

Author : Andebrhan Welde Giorgis
Publisher : Strategic Book Publishing
Page : 693 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : History
ISBN : 9781628573312

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Eritrea at a Crossroads by Andebrhan Welde Giorgis Pdf

I congratulate Andebrhan Welde Giorgis on his high quality and extremely informative book that has not only the merit to be an update on the political situation in Eritrea but also asks the pertinent questions on the future of his marvelous country. He does it with tact and success, based on his long experience as freedom fighter, as senior public servant, as Ambassador and his rich experience of Africa. Each country in Africa must be able to determine its own future. Freedom, responsibility, control over its destiny, and solidarity, are the key ideas of the new vision for international cooperation that will help ensure the sustainability of the development process. The urgent need to create a democratic government resonates throughout the book. Good governance, respect for human rights, principles of democracy, and rule of law are essential universal values underpinning it. Andebrhan is one of those men, visionaries, and open to dialogue, reform and change. Eritrea at a Crossroads is key to understanding the challenges facing Eritrea and Africa. It is an eye opener on a complex and little understood crisis that is festering in Africa and holding the continent back. The book provides a solid intellectual foundation to understanding the region and will give anyone who wants to build a better future for Africa a great starting point. I congratulate him on this most valuable book which finds its place among all the lovers of Africa. Louis Michel Member of European Parliament, European Commissioner for Development and Humanitarian Aid (2004-2009) and Foreign Minister of Belgium (1999-2004) Freedom fighter, scholar, central banker, diplomat, and now unhappy exile, no-one could be better placed than Andebrhan Welde Giorgis to trace Eritrea's distressing slide from triumph to tragedy. It's a harrowing story, but the author tells it comprehensively, objectively and lucidly in this excellent study. The future can be rescued, as Andebrhan makes clear, but only if the past is understood, and the present confronted -- by decent, concerned Eritreans, acting with the moral, political and economic support of the wider international community. May his voice be heard. Gareth Evans Chancellor, Australian National University; President, International Crisis Group (2000-09) and Foreign Minister of Australia (1988-96)

From Guerrillas to Government

David Pool
From Guerrillas to Government Book PDF

Author : David Pool
Publisher : Ohio University Center for International Studies
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Eritrea
ISBN : UVA:X006091153

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From Guerrillas to Government by David Pool Pdf

Since 1998, Eritrea and its neighbor Ethiopia have spent an estimated $1 million a day in fighting over a disputed area of land. Pool (government, University of Manchester) offers background for understanding the roots of the conflict, looking at Eritrean nationalism, the formation and operation of the liberation front of Eritrea, and the political forces at work in Eritrea's struggle for independence. c. Book News Inc.

Eritrea and Ethiopia

Tekeste Negash
Eritrea and Ethiopia Book PDF

Author : Tekeste Negash
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2019-09-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781000676709

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Eritrea and Ethiopia by Tekeste Negash Pdf

The Ethiopian-Eritrean federation, a product of a United Nations resolution, came into existence in 1952 and was abolished ten years later. The primary objective of this book is to examine the rise and the fall of the federation in the nght of present-day realities. This central theme is placed in context by a reconstruction of Eritrean political organizations during the crucial postwar years. The work includes a short account of the war between Eritrean nationalist forces and the Ethiopian government, which led up to the emergence of Eritrea as a sovereign state. Based primarily on archival sources at the Public Record Office in London, Eritrea and Ethiopia argues that no other group in the region has repeatedly succeeded in shaping its political destiny as the Tigreans of Eritrea have. Negash maintains that the federation was abolished by Eritrean social and political forces rather than by Ethiopia. The UN-imposed federation, together with its accompanying constitution, were doomed to fail, as these were foreign to Eritrean and Ethiopian conceptions of political power. The attempts of the Eritrean Moslem League to defend and maintain the federation were frustrated by internal contradictions, by the Unionist party, and by misconstrued perceptions of the division of powers between Eritrea and Ethiopia. The author looks closely at the impact of the British period on Eritrean society. Such an examination provides a better understanding of the background to the conflict and it is an important part of Eritrean political and social history. This book is the story of the slow but steady dissolution of the federation as seen and observed by the British diplomatic corps. Between 1952 and 1962, there were about thirty British nationals assigned to the Eritrean government. These expatriates kept in touch with the British consulate-general whose responsibility was to protect the interests of British nationals as well as to report developments to London. The conclusions and interpretations found in this book are, to a great extent, based on that documentation. Eritrea and Ethiopia is the first study of its kind to follow the rise and fall of the federation. It will be a challenging and insightful read for students of African affairs, diplomatic historians, policy studies scholars, and political theorists.

Shallow Graves

Richard Reid
Shallow Graves Book PDF

Author : Richard Reid
Publisher : Hurst & Company
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Eritrean-Ethiopian War, 1998-2000
ISBN : 9781787383289

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Shallow Graves by Richard Reid Pdf

This is a personal account of the war between Eritrea and Ethiopia, fought between May 1998 and June 2000, as well as of the periods immediately preceding and following the conflict. Shallow Graves traces shifting local perceptions of time, the nation and the region, beginning in the mid-1990s and concluding with the peace agreement signed between the two governments in 2018. Richard Reid is a historian who was based in Eritrea during the war, and who continued to visit both that country and Ethiopia for several years afterwards. This personal perspective offers a more vivid, intimate portrait of the experience of the war than can normally be offered by putatively objective academic accounts. As well as providing first-hand reportage and analysis, Reid problematises the role of the historian--and specifically the foreign historian--as the supposedly impartial observer of events. His eloquent narrative, constructed around conversations and interactions with a range of local witnesses, friends and colleagues, explores the impact of prolonged war and its aftermath--both on private and public memory, and on the nature of history itself.

Historical Dictionary of Eritrea

Dan Connell,Tom Killion
Historical Dictionary of Eritrea Book PDF

Author : Dan Connell,Tom Killion
Publisher : Scarecrow Press
Page : 688 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2010-10-14
Category : History
ISBN : 9780810875050

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Historical Dictionary of Eritrea by Dan Connell,Tom Killion Pdf

The history of Eritrea is told in this reference through a chronology, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and over 500 cross-referenced dictionary entries on significant persons, events, places, organizations, and other aspects of Eritrea's history from the earliest times to the present. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Eritrea.

Understanding Contemporary Ethiopia

Gérard Prunier,Éloi Ficquet
Understanding Contemporary Ethiopia Book PDF

Author : Gérard Prunier,Éloi Ficquet
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 548 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : History
ISBN : 9781849042611

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Understanding Contemporary Ethiopia by Gérard Prunier,Éloi Ficquet Pdf

"Seeks to dispel the myths and clichaes surrounding contemporary perceptions of Ethiopia by providing a rare overview of the country's recent history, politics and culture. Explores the unique features of this often misrepresented country as it strives to make itself heard in the modern world"-- Publisher description.

Understanding South Africa

Martin Plaut,Carien Du Plessis
Understanding South Africa Book PDF

Author : Martin Plaut,Carien Du Plessis
Publisher : Hurst & Company
Page : 326 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : South Africa
ISBN : 9781787382046

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Understanding South Africa by Martin Plaut,Carien Du Plessis Pdf

When Nelson Mandela emerged from decades in jail to preach reconciliation, South Africans truly appeared a people reborn as the Rainbow Nation. Yet, a quarter of a century later, the country sank into bitter recriminations and rampant corruption under Jacob Zuma. Why did this happen, and how was hope betrayed? President Cyril Ramaphosa, who is seeking to heal these wounds, is due to lead the African National Congress into an election by May 2019. The ANC is hoping to claw back support lost to the opposition in the Zuma era. This book will shed light on voters' choices and analyze the election outcome as the results emerge. With chapters on all the major issues at stake--from education to land redistribution-- Understanding South Africa offers insights into Africa's largest and most diversified economy, closely tied to its neighbors' fortunes.

Eritrea and Ethiopia

Herui Tedla Bairu
Eritrea and Ethiopia Book PDF

Author : Herui Tedla Bairu
Publisher : Red Sea Press, U.S.
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Eritrea
ISBN : 1569024308

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Eritrea and Ethiopia by Herui Tedla Bairu Pdf

The study explores the phenomenon of conflict between Eritrea and Ethiopia between 1941 and 2011. The Eritrean Liberation Organizations (ELO) did not only fight against Ethiopian governments for thirty years; they also fought against each other for supremacy. The role played by the Ethiopian Students Movement (ESM) in propagating a Marxist revolution, and forging a generation of Ethiopian revolutionaries, is also discussed. ESM branched out into two parties known by their acronyms: MEISON and EPRP. This book also aims to improve our understanding of the struggle against the current Eritrean dictatorship. The study demonstrates that the claim the Unionist Party sabotaged the Biet Ghiorgis Conference (the first formative gathering of Eritrean nationalist elements) all is not sustained by facts. Similarly, the book concludes that none of the Eritrean political parties of the 1940s/50s, measured by the values of national unity, and anti-colonialism, were nationalists. Proper Eritrean nati

Understanding Civil War: Africa

Paul Collier,Nicholas Sambanis
Understanding Civil War Africa Book PDF

Author : Paul Collier,Nicholas Sambanis
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821360477

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Understanding Civil War: Africa by Paul Collier,Nicholas Sambanis Pdf

This publication is part of a two volume set which builds upon previous World Bank research into the causes and characteristics of civil war onset, particularly the model developed by Paul Collier and Anke Hoeffler regarding the relationship between violent political conflict and economic development. This volume considers the variables identified in the Collier-Hoeffler model and applies them to a set of case studies from a range of African countries, and then goes on to trace the process of conflict escalation in order to draw conclusions as to why civil war is likely to occur. The publication seeks to advance theoretical and empirical knowledge of civil war, in order to help further the objective of developing appropriate policy interventions. Another volume with case studies from a range of non-African countries is available separately (ISBN 0821360493).