Upper Ocean Physical And Ecological Dynamics In The Ross Sea Antarctica

Author : Matthew Charles Long
Publisher : Stanford University
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Electronic
ISBN : STANFORD:bx376fq2382

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Upper Ocean Physical and Ecological Dynamics in the Ross Sea, Antarctica by Matthew Charles Long Pdf

This dissertation examines several aspects of the unique physical-biological system that controls biogeochemical cycling in the Ross Sea, the largest continental shelf sea along the Antarctic margin and the most biologically productive region in the Southern Ocean. The core component of the research involves interpretation of data from two oceanographic cruises to the region, one during Summer of 2005--2006 and another in Spring of 2006--2007. Four key research questions are addressed. (1) What physical mechanisms force spatial and temporal variability in mixing depths? (2) How does the dynamic physical environment characteristic of Antarctic continental shelf seas structure distributions of biomass and chemical tracers of production? (3) What key physical and physiological mechanisms control the 13C/12C ratio of organic and inorganic carbon in waters on the Ross Sea continental shelf? and (4) How do physiological variables interact with environmental variability to control phytoplankton taxonomic zonation? Chapter 1 presents an introduction to ocean carbon biogeochemistry and the oceanography of the Southern Ocean and the Ross Sea. Chapter 2 examines the mechanisms effecting early season stratification in the Ross Sea. Lateral advection in the region of upper ocean fronts is shown to be an important mechanism setting early season stratification. Chapter 3 examines several tracer-based methods for estimating upper ocean net community production in the Ross Sea, with explicit recognition of the complexities associated with control volume assumptions and high rates of temporal change. Chapter 4 considers the environmental controls on the distribution of 13C/12C ratios in the Ross Sea. It is shown quantitatively that the two dominant phytoplankton taxa in the Ross Sea have different intrinsic fractionation factors, likely as a result of differing carbon-acquisition physiologies. Air-sea exchange is shown to occur with very noisy fractionation. Finally, Chapter 5 examines the interaction of algal physiology with environmental variability, addressing the key physiological-environmental controls on the taxonomic distribution of phytoplankton in the Ross Sea. While it is difficult to draw concrete conclusions, the most compelling line of evidence suggests that differing photoprotective capacities is the most important physiological characteristic structuring taxonomic distributions. An appendix presents a design for an infrared absorbance-based instrument for the determination of total dissolved inorganic carbon in seawater.

Author : Matthew Charles Long
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:651127786

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Upper Ocean Physical and Ecological Dynamics in the Ross Sea, Antarctica by Matthew Charles Long Pdf

This dissertation examines several aspects of the unique physical-biological system that controls biogeochemical cycling in the Ross Sea, the largest continental shelf sea along the Antarctic margin and the most biologically productive region in the Southern Ocean. The core component of the research involves interpretation of data from two oceanographic cruises to the region, one during Summer of 2005--2006 and another in Spring of 2006--2007. Four key research questions are addressed. (1) What physical mechanisms force spatial and temporal variability in mixing depths? (2) How does the dynamic physical environment characteristic of Antarctic continental shelf seas structure distributions of biomass and chemical tracers of production? (3) What key physical and physiological mechanisms control the 13C/12C ratio of organic and inorganic carbon in waters on the Ross Sea continental shelf? and (4) How do physiological variables interact with environmental variability to control phytoplankton taxonomic zonation? Chapter 1 presents an introduction to ocean carbon biogeochemistry and the oceanography of the Southern Ocean and the Ross Sea. Chapter 2 examines the mechanisms effecting early season stratification in the Ross Sea. Lateral advection in the region of upper ocean fronts is shown to be an important mechanism setting early season stratification. Chapter 3 examines several tracer-based methods for estimating upper ocean net community production in the Ross Sea, with explicit recognition of the complexities associated with control volume assumptions and high rates of temporal change. Chapter 4 considers the environmental controls on the distribution of 13C/12C ratios in the Ross Sea. It is shown quantitatively that the two dominant phytoplankton taxa in the Ross Sea have different intrinsic fractionation factors, likely as a result of differing carbon-acquisition physiologies. Air-sea exchange is shown to occur with very noisy fractionation. Finally, Chapter 5 examines the interaction of algal physiology with environmental variability, addressing the key physiological-environmental controls on the taxonomic distribution of phytoplankton in the Ross Sea. While it is difficult to draw concrete conclusions, the most compelling line of evidence suggests that differing photoprotective capacities is the most important physiological characteristic structuring taxonomic distributions. An appendix presents a design for an infrared absorbance-based instrument for the determination of total dissolved inorganic carbon in seawater.

Author : Giancarlo Spezie,Giuseppe M.R. Manzella
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 415 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9788847022508

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Oceanography of the Ross Sea Antarctica by Giancarlo Spezie,Giuseppe M.R. Manzella Pdf

The era of the exploration of the World Ocean is not yet over: some areas still lack an adequate number of observations. The relationships between the physical, chemical and biological processes, which sustain the life on this planet, are not yet fully understood. In short, knowledge of the oceans is still far from satisfactory. This book covers an important period in the study of one of the last investigated areas of the World Ocean: the Ross Sea, Antarctica. During the 1990s, long-term experiments were conducted in this area as part of the Climatic Long-term Interaction for the Mass balance in Antarctica (CLIMA) project of the Italian National Programme for Antarctic Research (PNRA), providing a wealth of oceanographic information. This book is an outcome of the CLIMA field obser vations and international collaborations with the most important programmes in the Ross Sea-Southern Ocean area. It contributes to the st!ldies of the spatial and temporal variability of Ross Sea water masses and circulation and their relation ship with the Southern Ocean circulation. A comprehensive review of historical data is offered, and new data sets are analysed. The studies presented in this book show that much progress has been achieved during the last decade, but large gaps in our understanding of the physical processes in the Ross Sea are still to be filled. However, these studies contribute significantly to the investigation of some specific aspects regarding the circula tion of the main water masses.

Author : F.M. Faranda,L. Guglielmo,Adrianna Ianora
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 594 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642596070

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Ross Sea Ecology by F.M. Faranda,L. Guglielmo,Adrianna Ianora Pdf

The Antarctic represents the last of the world's still unexplored continents. Since 1985, Italy has sent 10 expeditions to this region, three of those have been exclusively devoted to research on the marine ecology of the Ross Sea region. This volume presents a global picture of this research. It includes contributions on water mass characteristics, particulate organic matter and nutrient utilization, and physiological aspects of primary production. Further topics are zooplankton, krill and top predator interactions in relation to physical and biological parameters, ecological features of coastal fish communities and the spatio-temporal variability of benthic biocenoses.

Author : Alex D. Rogers,Nadine M. Johnston,Eugene J. Murphy,Andrew Clarke
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 585 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2012-02-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781444347227

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Antarctic Ecosystems by Alex D. Rogers,Nadine M. Johnston,Eugene J. Murphy,Andrew Clarke Pdf

Since its discovery Antarctica has held a deep fascination for biologists. Extreme environmental conditions, seasonality and isolation have lead to some of the most striking examples of natural selection and adaptation on Earth. Paradoxically, some of these adaptations may pose constraints on the ability of the Antarctic biota to respond to climate change. Parts of Antarctica are showing some of the largest changes in temperature and other environmental conditions in the world. In this volume, published in association with the Royal Society, leading polar scientists present a synthesis of the latest research on the biological systems in Antarctica, covering organisms from microbes to vertebrate higher predators. This book comes at a time when new technologies and approaches allow the implications of climate change and other direct human impacts on Antarctica to be viewed at a range of scales; across entire regions, whole ecosystems and down to the level of species and variation within their genomes. Chapters address both Antarctic terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and the scientific and management challenges of the future are explored.

Author : David N. Thomas
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 666 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2017-03-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781118778388

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Sea Ice by David N. Thomas Pdf

Over the past 20 years the study of the frozen Arctic and Southern Oceans and sub-arctic seas has progressed at a remarkable pace. This third edition of Sea Ice gives insight into the very latest understanding of the how sea ice is formed, how we measure (and model) its extent, the biology that lives within and associated with sea ice and the effect of climate change on its distribution. How sea ice influences the oceanography of underlying waters and the influences that sea ice has on humans living in Arctic regions are also discussed. Featuring twelve new chapters, this edition follows two previous editions (2001 and 2010), and the need for this latest update exhibits just how rapidly the science of sea ice is developing. The 27 chapters are written by a team of more than 50 of the worlds’ leading experts in their fields. These combine to make the book the most comprehensive introduction to the physics, chemistry, biology and geology of sea ice that there is. This third edition of Sea Ice will be a key resource for all policy makers, researchers and students who work with the frozen oceans and seas.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Antarctica
ISBN : MINN:30000005902279

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Antarctic Journal of the United States by Anonim Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Transportation Research Board,Marine Board,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee on the Assessment of U.S. Coast Guard Polar Icebreaker Roles and Future Needs
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 135 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2007-03-14
Category : Transportation
ISBN : 9780309103213

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Polar Icebreakers in a Changing World by National Research Council,Transportation Research Board,Marine Board,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee on the Assessment of U.S. Coast Guard Polar Icebreaker Roles and Future Needs Pdf

The United States has enduring national and strategic interests in the polar regions, including citizens living above the Arctic circle and three year-round scientific stations in the Antarctic. Polar icebreaking ships are needed to access both regions. Over the past several decades, the U.S. government has supported a fleet of four icebreakersâ€"three multi-mission U.S. Coast Guard ships (the POLAR SEA, POLAR STAR, and HEALY) and the National Science Foundation's PALMER, which is dedicated solely to scientific research. Today, the POLAR STAR and the POLAR SEA are at the end of their service lives, and a lack of funds and no plans for an extension of the program has put U.S. icebreaking capability at risk. This report concludes that the United States should continue to support its interests in the Arctic and Antarctic for multiple missions, including maintaining leadership in polar science. The report recommends that the United States immediately program, budget, design, and construct two new polar icebreakers to be operated by the U.S. Coast Guard. The POLAR SEA should remain mission capable and the POLAR STAR should remain available for reactivation until the new polar icebreakers enter service. The U.S. Coast Guard should be provided sufficient operations and maintenance budget to support an increased, regular, and influential presence in the Arctic, with support from other agencies. The report also calls for a Presidential Decision Directive to clearly align agency responsibilities and budgetary authorities.

Author : Walker O. Smith, Jr.,David Barber
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 474 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2007-07-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080522939

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Polynyas: Windows to the World by Walker O. Smith, Jr.,David Barber Pdf

Polynyas are relatively ice-free regions when compared to the areas around them, and have been suggested as being foci for energy transfer between the atmosphere and ocean, ice “factories , and critical areas with respect to polar ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles. This volume presents an integrated, multidisciplinary review of polynyas in both the Arctic and Antarctic. It emphasizes the meteorology, ice dynamics, oceanography, biological components, chemistry, and modeling of these systems, particularly with respect to their roles in polar processes and distributions. The various interactions within polynyas, particularly between the physical forcing and biological responses, is emphasized, as are the potential changes in polynyas that might occur under a climate regime that is rapidly changing. The authors of the reviews are leaders among their respective countries in polynya research, and all are internationally recognized. * Addresses the findings from actively researched polynyas and reports on the new understandings of polar systems that have evolved from these studies * Includes topics from meteorology to physics to biology and chemistry, and seeks to integrate them into a synthetic assessment * Provides material from both the Arctic and Antarctic, which is highly unusual in books of this type

Author : Mi Sun Yun,Jun Sun,Connie Lovejoy,Sang Heon Lee
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 155 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2021-09-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889713653

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Microbial Response to a Rapidly Changing Marine Environment: Global Warming and Ocean Acidification by Mi Sun Yun,Jun Sun,Connie Lovejoy,Sang Heon Lee Pdf

Author : Tong Lee,Sabrina Speich,Laura Lorenzoni,Sanae Chiba,Frank E. Muller-Karger,Minhan Dai,Amos T. Kabo-Bah,John Siddorn,Justin Manley,Maria Snoussi ,Fei Chai
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 783 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2020-12-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889631186

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Oceanobs'19: An Ocean of Opportunity. Volume I by Tong Lee,Sabrina Speich,Laura Lorenzoni,Sanae Chiba,Frank E. Muller-Karger,Minhan Dai,Amos T. Kabo-Bah,John Siddorn,Justin Manley,Maria Snoussi ,Fei Chai Pdf

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.

Author : Morten Frederiksen,Tore Haug
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2016-01-18
Category : Ecology
ISBN : 9782889197361

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Climate Change and Marine Top Predators by Morten Frederiksen,Tore Haug Pdf

Climate change affects all components of marine ecosystems. For endothermic top predators, i.e. seabirds and marine mammals, these impacts are often complex and mediated through trophic relationships. In this Research Topic, leading researchers attempt to identify patterns of change among seabirds and marine mammals, and the mechanisms through which climate change drives these changes.

Author : Roger G. Barry,Eileen A. Hall-McKim
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 445 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2018-08-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781108423168

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Polar Environments and Global Change by Roger G. Barry,Eileen A. Hall-McKim Pdf

Surveys atmospheric, oceanic and cryospheric processes, present and past conditions, and changes in polar environments.

Author : Julie Dinasquet,Eva Ortega-Retuerta,Connie Lovejoy,Ingrid Obernosterer
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 315 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2018-07-05
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889455133

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Microbiology of the Rapidly Changing Polar Environments by Julie Dinasquet,Eva Ortega-Retuerta,Connie Lovejoy,Ingrid Obernosterer Pdf

Marine and freshwater polar environments are characterized by intense physical forces and strong seasonal variations. The persistent cold and sometimes inhospitable conditions create unique ecosystems and habitats for microbial life. Polar microbial communities are diverse productive assemblages, which drive biogeochemical cycles and support higher food-webs across the Arctic and over much of the Antarctic. Recent studies on the biogeography of microbial species have revealed phylogenetically diverse polar ecotypes, suggesting adaptation to seasonal darkness, sea-ice coverage and high summer irradiance. Because of the diversity of habitats related to atmospheric and oceanic circulation, and the formation and melting of ice, high latitude oceans and lakes are ideal environments to investigate composition and functionality of microbial communities. In addition, polar regions are responding more dramatically to climate change compared to temperate environments and there is an urgent need to identify sensitive indicators of ecosystem history, that may be sentinels for change or adaptation. For instance, Antarctic lakes provide useful model systems to study microbial evolution and climate history. Hence, it becomes essential and timely to better understand factors controlling the microbes, and how, in turn, they may affect the functioning of these fragile ecosystems. Polar microbiology is an expanding field of research with exciting possibilities to provide new insights into microbial ecology and evolution. With this Research Topic we seek to bring together polar microbiologists studying different aquatic systems and components of the microbial food web, to stimulate discussion and reflect on these sensitive environments in a changing world perspective.

Author : Per Gloersen
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Microwave remote sensing
ISBN : MSU:31293012002451

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Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice, 1978-1987 by Per Gloersen Pdf