Urban Soils

Author : Rattan Lal,B. A. Stewart
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 423 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2017-10-18
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781498770101

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Urban Soils by Rattan Lal,B. A. Stewart Pdf

Globally, 30% of the world population lived in urban areas in 1950, 54% in 2016 and 66% projected by 2050. The most urbanized regions include North America, Latin America, and Europe. Urban encroachment depletes soil carbon and the aboveground biomass carbon pools, enhancing the flux of carbon from soil and vegetation into the atmosphere. Thus, urbanization has exacerbated ecological and environmental problems. Urban soils are composed of geological material that has been drastically disturbed by anthropogenic activities and compromised their role in the production of food, aesthetics of residential areas, and pollutant dynamics. Properties of urban soils are normally not favorable to plant growth—the soils are contaminated by heavy metals and are compacted and sealed. Therefore, the quality of urban soils must be restored to make use of this valuable resource for delivery of essential ecosystem services (e.g., food, water and air quality, carbon sequestration, temperature moderation, biodiversity). Part of the Advances in Soil Sciences Series, Urban Soils explains properties of urban soils; assesses the effects of urbanization on the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, and water and the impacts of management of urban soils, soil restoration, urban agriculture, and food security; evaluates ecosystem services provisioned by urban soils, and describes synthetic and artificial soils.

Author : Phillip J. Craul
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 1999-03-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 0471189030

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Urban Soils by Phillip J. Craul Pdf

The soil which is found in large cities offer distinctive challenges to the landscape architect or horticulturist responsible for maintaining these urban plantings. Often compacted, contaminated, or otherwise unsuitable for use in major landscape projects, these soils require practical methods which can insure a successful outcome of a landscape project. This applications-oriented, introductory reference addresses numerous topics in the field of urban soil science.

Author : Helmut Meuser
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2010-07-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789048193288

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Contaminated Urban Soils by Helmut Meuser Pdf

With more than 50% of the world’s population already living in towns and cities, migration from rural areas continuing at an alarming rate in developing countries and suburbanisation using more and more land in developed countries, the urban environment has become supremely important with regard to human health and wellbeing. For centuries, urbanisation has caused relatively low level soil conta- nation mainly by various wastes. However, from the time of the Industrial Revolution onwards, both the scale of urban development and the degree of soil contamination rapidly increased and involved an ever widening spectrum of c- taminants. With constraints on the supply of land for new urban development in many countries, it is becoming increasingly necessary to re-use previously dev- oped (brownfield) sites and to deal with their accompanying suites of contaminants. It is therefore essential to fully understand the diversity and properties of urban soils, to assess the possible risks from the contaminants they contain and devise ways of cleaning up sites and/or minimizing hazards. The author, Helmut Meuser, is Professor of Soil Protection and Soil Clean-up at the University of Applied Sciences, Osnabrück and is one of Europe’s foremost experts on contamination from technogenic materials in urban soils. He has many years’ experience of research in Berlin, Essen, Osnabrück, other regions of Germany, and several other countries.

Author : Pam Hazelton,Brian Murphy
Publisher : CSIRO PUBLISHING
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2021-11-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781486314034

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Understanding Soils in Urban Environments by Pam Hazelton,Brian Murphy Pdf

With an ever-increasing proportion of the world’s population living in cities, soil properties such as salinity, acidity, water retention, erosion and pollution are becoming more significant in urban areas. While these are known issues for agriculture and forestry, as urban development increases, it is essential to recognise the potential of soil properties to create problems for the environment as well as structural concerns for buildings and other engineering works. Understanding Soils in Urban Environments explains how urban soils develop, change and erode. It describes their physical and chemical properties with a focus on specific soil problems that cause environmental damage, such as acid sulfate soils, and also affect the integrity of engineering structural works. This fully revised second edition addresses contemporary issues, including an increase in the use of green roofs and urban green space as well as manufactured soils in a variety of urban environments. Understanding Soils in Urban Environments provides a concise introduction to all aspects of soils in urban environments and will be extremely useful to students in a wide range of disciplines, from soil science and urban forestry and horticulture, to planning, engineering, construction and land remediation, as well as to engineers, builders, landscape architects, ecologists, planners and developers.

Author : Richard V. Pouyat,Deborah S. Page-Dumroese,Toral Patel-Weynand,Linda H. Geiser
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2020-09-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030452162

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Forest and Rangeland Soils of the United States Under Changing Conditions by Richard V. Pouyat,Deborah S. Page-Dumroese,Toral Patel-Weynand,Linda H. Geiser Pdf

This open access book synthesizes leading-edge science and management information about forest and rangeland soils of the United States. It offers ways to better understand changing conditions and their impacts on soils, and explores directions that positively affect the future of forest and rangeland soil health. This book outlines soil processes and identifies the research needed to manage forest and rangeland soils in the United States. Chapters give an overview of the state of forest and rangeland soils research in the Nation, including multi-decadal programs (chapter 1), then summarizes various human-caused and natural impacts and their effects on soil carbon, hydrology, biogeochemistry, and biological diversity (chapters 2–5). Other chapters look at the effects of changing conditions on forest soils in wetland and urban settings (chapters 6–7). Impacts include: climate change, severe wildfires, invasive species, pests and diseases, pollution, and land use change. Chapter 8 considers approaches to maintaining or regaining forest and rangeland soil health in the face of these varied impacts. Mapping, monitoring, and data sharing are discussed in chapter 9 as ways to leverage scientific and human resources to address soil health at scales from the landscape to the individual parcel (monitoring networks, data sharing Web sites, and educational soils-centered programs are tabulated in appendix B). Chapter 10 highlights opportunities for deepening our understanding of soils and for sustaining long-term ecosystem health and appendix C summarizes research needs. Nine regional summaries (appendix A) offer a more detailed look at forest and rangeland soils in the United States and its Affiliates.

Author : Phillip J. Craul
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 1992-11-11
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 047180598X

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Urban Soil in Landscape Design by Phillip J. Craul Pdf

Presents essential information on the fundamental properties of soils and how they are affected under urban conditions. Coverage includes the physical, chemical and biological characterisitics of soil; how it can be classified, inventoried and mapped; urban soil properties; problems and solutions to many of the more common urban soils; methods of ameliorating compaction including other major drainage problems and much more. Contains over 150 illustrations.

Author : Andrew W. Rate
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 451 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2022-01-07
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9783030873165

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Urban Soils by Andrew W. Rate Pdf

This textbook addresses the increasing trend in urbanization of the world’s population and its relation with urban soils. Written by active practitioners of university level teaching and research, this book is designed primarily as an educational text, while it also provides readers with an authoritative gateway to the primary literature. It includes explicit coverage of spatial and statistical (multivariate) techniques and case studies to illustrate key concept, and to support practical guidance in issues such as data collection and analysis. The authors reflect current developments in research and urban trends. In China, for example, the proportion of the population living in cities increased from 13% in 1950 to 45% in 2010 (World Bank data). Australia is one of the world's top ten urbanised countries with population greater than ten million, with approximately 90% of its population living in cities, mainly along Australia's coast. The most rapidly urbanising populations are currently in nations of the African continent. Soils in urban areas have multiple functions which are becoming more valued by urban communities: soils supply water, nutrients and physical support for urban plant and animal communities (parks, reserves, gardens), and are becoming increasingly valued for growing food. Soils may be used for building foundations, or as building materials themselves. Urban hydrology relies on the existence of unsealed soils for aquifer protection and flood control. This volume presents the importance of urban ecosystems and the impacts of global change. It examines pedogenesis of urban soils: natural materials affected by urban phenomena, and natural processes acting on urban materials, including an examination of different climatic zones. There is a focus on soils formed on landfill, reclaimed land, dredge spoils as well as soil-related changes in urban geomorphology. There is plenty of discussion on urban soil as a source and sink as well as soil geochemistry and health. The book is intended primarily as a text for upper-level undergraduate, and postgraduate (Masters) students. It will also be invaluable as a resource for professionals such as researchers, environmental regulators, and environmental consultants.

Author : Peter Bullock,Peter J. Gregory
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2009-05-13
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781444310597

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Soils in the Urban Environment by Peter Bullock,Peter J. Gregory Pdf

Urban areas contain a wide variety of open spaces, yet much of this has evolved under the pressures of human population with minimal management. The last 40 years have seen problems of varying severity begin to appear, including contamination, erosion, acidification and compaction. These problems have brought attention to the importance of the soil cover, the need for better understanding it, and the need for its protection. This book is a review of state-of-the-art science for soil in urban areas. Based on a meeting organized by the Nature Conservancy Council and the British Society of Soil Science, the nine chapters cover soil classification, contamination by waste and metals, physical and biological properties, nutrient provision and cycling, vegetation, and soil storage. The book provides a basis from which to plan future research and development programs.

Author : Ciro Gardi
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 468 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2017-04-07
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781317504702

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Urban Expansion, Land Cover and Soil Ecosystem Services by Ciro Gardi Pdf

More than half of the world population now lives in cities, and urban expansion continues as rural people move to cities. This results in the loss of land for other purposes, particularly soil for agriculture and drainage. This book presents a review of current knowledge of the extension and projected expansion of urban areas at a global scale. Focusing on the impact of the process of 'land take' on soil resources and the ecosystem services that they provide, it describes approaches and methodologies for detecting and measuring urban areas, based mainly on remote sensing, together with a review of models and projected data on urban expansion. The most innovative aspect includes an analysis of the drivers and especially the impacts of soil sealing and land take on ecosystem services, including agriculture and food security, biodiversity, hydrology, climate and landscape. Case studies of cities from Europe, China and Latin America are included. The aim is not only to present and analyse this important environmental challenge, but also to propose and discuss solutions for the limitation, mitigation and compensation of this process.

Author : Maxine J. Levin,Kye-Hoon John Kim,Jean Louis Morel,Wolfgang Burghardt,Przemyslaw Charzynski,Richard K. Shaw
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 253 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2017-01-18
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3510654110

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Soils Within Cities by Maxine J. Levin,Kye-Hoon John Kim,Jean Louis Morel,Wolfgang Burghardt,Przemyslaw Charzynski,Richard K. Shaw Pdf

Author : James Urban
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 500 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Landscape architecture
ISBN : MINN:31951D02584305M

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Up by Roots by James Urban Pdf

"Up By Roots is a manual for landscape architects, architects, urban foresters, and planners who are designing, specifying, installing and managing trees in the built environment. Part One discusses basic soil science and tree biology and their relationship to healthy trees. Part Two explains the process of planning and implementing landscape designs to ensure healthy trees that can improve the quality of places where people live, work and play. The book contains numberous illustrations and data in graphic form to provide guidance in the design of healthy soils and trees."--Pub. desc.

Author : Bryant C. Scharenbroch,Edgar Thomas Smiley
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2021-02
Category : Arboriculture
ISBN : 1943378126

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Best Management Practices by Bryant C. Scharenbroch,Edgar Thomas Smiley Pdf

Author : Amitava Rakshit,Purushothaman Chirakuzhyil Abhilash,Harikesh Bahadur Singh,Subhadip Ghosh
Publisher : Springer
Page : 571 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2017-03-15
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9789811036385

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Adaptive Soil Management : From Theory to Practices by Amitava Rakshit,Purushothaman Chirakuzhyil Abhilash,Harikesh Bahadur Singh,Subhadip Ghosh Pdf

The book focuses in detail on learning and adapting through partnerships between managers, scientists, and other stakeholders who learn together how to create and maintain sustainable resource systems. As natural areas shrink and fragment, our ability to sustain economic growth and safeguard biological diversity and ecological integrity is increasingly being put to the test. In attempting to meet this unprecedented challenge, adaptive management is becoming a viable alternative for broader application. Adaptive management is an iterative decision-making process which is both operationally and conceptually simple and which incorporates users to acknowledge and account for uncertainty, and sustain an operating environment that promotes its reduction through careful planning, evaluation, and learning until the desired results are achieved. This multifaceted approach requires clearly defined management objectives to guide decisions about what actions to take, and explicit assumptions about expected outcomes to compare against actual outcomes. In this edited book, we address the issue by pursuing a holistic and systematic approach that utilizes natural resources to reap sustainable environmental, economic and social benefits for adaptive management, helping to ensure that relationships between land, water and plants are managed in ways that mimic nature.

Author : Emer O'Dwyer
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 540 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2020-05-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9781684175529

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Significant Soil by Emer O'Dwyer Pdf

"Like all empires, Japan’s prewar empire encompassed diverse territories as well as a variety of political forms for governing such spaces. This book focuses on Japan’s Kwantung Leasehold and Railway Zone in China’s three northeastern provinces. The hybrid nature of the leasehold’s political status vis-à-vis the metropole, the presence of the semipublic and enormously powerful South Manchuria Railway Company, and the region’s vulnerability to inter-imperial rivalries, intra-imperial competition, and Chinese nationalism throughout the first decades of the twentieth century combined to give rise to a distinctive type of settler politics. Settlers sought inclusion within a broad Japanese imperial sphere while successfully utilizing the continental space as a site for political and social innovation.In this study, Emer O’Dwyer traces the history of Japan’s prewar Manchurian empire over four decades, mapping how South Manchuria—and especially its principal city, Dairen—was naturalized as a Japanese space and revealing how this process ultimately contributed to the success of the Japanese army’s early 1930s takeover of Manchuria. Simultaneously, Significant Soil demonstrates the conditional nature of popular support for Kwantung Army state-building in Manchukuo, highlighting the settlers’ determination that the Kwantung Leasehold and Railway Zone remain separate from the project of total empire."

Author : Amitava Rakshit,Subhadip Ghosh,Viacheslav Vasenev,H. Pathak,Vishnu D. Rajput
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2022-04-13
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789811689147

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Soils in Urban Ecosystem by Amitava Rakshit,Subhadip Ghosh,Viacheslav Vasenev,H. Pathak,Vishnu D. Rajput Pdf

This book is a compilation of latest work in the field of urban soil management. It explores the global status of urban soils and puts forwards methods for sustainable utilization of urban soils and green spaces.Urban soil study is a new frontier of soil science. Urban soils research is challenging due to complexity of classification, spatial-temporal variability, exposure to pollution and the predominant effect of the anthropogenic factor on soil formation. Management of urban soils and green spaces is an important aspect for developing sustainable spaces. This is a comprehensive collection of information for the students, researchers, landscape architects understanding and maximizing the benefits of soils in urban ecosystems.