Usability Of Bank Capital Buffers The Role Of Market Expectations

Author : José Abad,Antonio I Garcia Pascual
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 61 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2022-01-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781616358938

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Usability of Bank Capital Buffers: The Role of Market Expectations by José Abad,Antonio I Garcia Pascual Pdf

Following the COVID shock, supervisors encouraged banks to use capital buffers to support the recovery. However, banks have been reluctant to do so. Provided the market expects a bank to rebuild its buffers, any draw-down will open up a capital shortfall that will weigh on its share price. Therefore, a bank will only decide to use its buffers if the value creation from a larger loan book offsets the costs associated with a capital shortfall. Using market expectations, we calibrate a framework for assessing the usability of buffers. Our results suggest that the cases in which the use of buffers make economic sense are rare in practice.

Author : Mr. Tobias Adrian,Mr. Fabio M Natalucci,Mahvash S Qureshi
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 27 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2022-12-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400223532

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Macro-Financial Stability in the COVID-19 Crisis: Some Reflections by Mr. Tobias Adrian,Mr. Fabio M Natalucci,Mahvash S Qureshi Pdf

The global financial system has shown remarkable resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic, despite a sharp decline in economic activity and the initial financial market upheaval in March 2020. This paper takes stock of the factors that contributed to this resilience, focusing on the role of monetary and financial policies. In response to the pandemic-induced crisis, major central banks acted swiftly and decisively, cutting policy rates, introducing new asset purchase programs, providing liquidity support for the banking system, and creating several emergency facilities to sustain the flow of credit to the real economy. Several emerging market central banks also deployed asset purchase programs for the first time. While the pandemic crisis has underscored the importance of policies in preventing calamitous financial outcomes, it has also brought to the fore some unintended consequences of policy actions—in particular, of providing prolonged monetary policy support and applying regulation to specific segments of the financial system rather than taking a broader approach—that could undermine financial stability in the future.

Author : Ms. Laura Valderrama
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 46 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2023-03-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400237775

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Calibrating Macroprudential Policies in Europe Amid Rising Housing Market Vulnerability by Ms. Laura Valderrama Pdf

Housing market developments are in the spotlight in Europe. Over-stretched valuations amid tightening financial conditions and a cost-of-living crisis have increased risks of a sustained downturn and exposed challenging trade-offs for macroprudential policy between ensuring financial system resilience and smoothing the macro-financial cycle. Against this backdrop, this paper provides detailed considerations regarding how to (re)set macroprudential policy tools in response to housing-related systemic risk in Europe, providing design solutions to avoid unintended consequences during a tightening phase, and navigating the trade-offs between managing the build-up of vulnerabilities and the macro-financial cycle in a downturn. It also proposes a novel framework to measure the effectiveness of tools and avoid overlaps by quantifying the risks addressed by different macroprudential instruments. Finally, it introduces a taxonomy allowing to assess a country’s macroprudential stance and whether adjustments to current policy settings are warranted—such as the relaxation of capital-based tools and possibly some borrower-based measures in the event of a more severe downturn.

Author : Mr.Shekhar Aiyar,Mai Chi Dao,Mr.Andreas A. Jobst,Ms.Aiko Mineshima,Ms.Srobona Mitra,Mahmood Pradhan
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 114 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2021-03-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513572772

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COVID-19: How Will European Banks Fare? by Mr.Shekhar Aiyar,Mai Chi Dao,Mr.Andreas A. Jobst,Ms.Aiko Mineshima,Ms.Srobona Mitra,Mahmood Pradhan Pdf

This paper evaluates the impact of the crisis on European banks’ capital under a range of macroeconomic scenarios, using granular data on the size and riskiness of sectoral exposures. The analysis incorporates the important role of pandemic-related policy support, including not only regulatory relief for banks, but also policies to support businesses and households, which act to shield the financial sector from the real economic shock.

Author : International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Publisher : INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Page : 118 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2020-10-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1513554220

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Global Financial Stability Report, October 2020 by International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department Pdf

Near-term global financial stability risks have been contained as an unprecedented policy response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has helped avert a financial meltdown and maintain the flow of credit to the economy. For the first time, many emerging market central banks have launched asset purchase programs to support the smooth functioning of financial markets and the overall economy. But the outlook remains highly uncertain, and vulnerabilities are rising, representing potential headwinds to recovery. The report presents an assessment of the real-financial disconnect, as well as forward-looking analysis of nonfinancial firms, banks, and emerging market capital flows. After the outbreak, firms’ cash flows were adversely affected as economic activity declined sharply. More vulnerable firms—those with weaker solvency and liquidity positions and smaller size—experienced greater financial stress than their peers in the early stages of the crisis. As the crisis unfolds, corporate liquidity pressures may morph into insolvencies, especially if the recovery is delayed. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are more vulnerable than large firms with access to capital markets. Although the global banking system is well capitalized, some banking systems may experience capital shortfalls in an adverse scenario, even with the currently deployed policy measures. The report also assesses the pandemic’s impact on firms’ environmental performance to gauge the extent to which the crisis may result in a reversal of the gains posted in recent years.

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 92 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2021-04-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513569673

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Global Financial Stability Report, April 2021 by International Monetary Fund Pdf

Extraordinary policy measures have eased financial conditions and supported the economy, helping to contain financial stability risks. Chapter 1 warns that there is a pressing need to act to avoid a legacy of vulnerabilities while avoiding a broad tightening of financial conditions. Actions taken during the pandemic may have unintended consequences such as stretched valuations and rising financial vulnerabilities. The recovery is also expected to be asynchronous and divergent between advanced and emerging market economies. Given large external financing needs, several emerging markets face challenges, especially if a persistent rise in US rates brings about a repricing of risk and tighter financial conditions. The corporate sector in many countries is emerging from the pandemic overindebted, with notable differences depending on firm size and sector. Concerns about the credit quality of hard-hit borrowers and profitability are likely to weigh on the risk appetite of banks. Chapter 2 studies leverage in the nonfinancial private sector before and during the COVID-19 crisis, pointing out that policymakers face a trade-off between boosting growth in the short term by facilitating an easing of financial conditions and containing future downside risks. This trade-off may be amplified by the existing high and rapidly building leverage, increasing downside risks to future growth. The appropriate timing for deployment of macroprudential tools should be country-specific, depending on the pace of recovery, vulnerabilities, and policy tools available. Chapter 3 turns to the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the commercial real estate sector. While there is little evidence of large price misalignments at the onset of the pandemic, signs of overvaluation have now emerged in some economies. Misalignments in commercial real estate prices, especially if they interact with other vulnerabilities, increase downside risks to future growth due to the possibility of sharp price corrections.

Author : Mohamed Belkhir,Mr.Sami Ben Naceur,Mr.Ralph Chami,Anis Semet
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2019-12-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513519807

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Bank Capital and the Cost of Equity by Mohamed Belkhir,Mr.Sami Ben Naceur,Mr.Ralph Chami,Anis Semet Pdf

Using a sample of publicly listed banks from 62 countries over the 1991-2017 period, we investigate the impact of capital on banks’ cost of equity. Consistent with the theoretical prediction that more equity in the capital mix leads to a fall in firms’ costs of equity, we find that better capitalized banks enjoy lower equity costs. Our baseline estimations indicate that a 1 percentage point increase in a bank’s equity-to-assets ratio lowers its cost of equity by about 18 basis points. Our results also suggest that the form of capital that investors value the most is sheer equity capital; other forms of capital, such as Tier 2 regulatory capital, are less (or not at all) valued by investors. Additionally, our main finding that capital has a negative effect on banks’ cost of equity holds in both developed and developing countries. The results of this paper provide the missing evidence in the debate on the effects of higher capital requirements on banks’ funding costs.

Author : Xiang Fang,David Jutrsa,Mr.Maria Soledad Martinez Peria,Andrea Presbitero,Mr.Lev Ratnovski,Mr.Felix J Vardy
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2018-09-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484378366

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The Effects of Higher Bank Capital Requirements on Credit in Peru by Xiang Fang,David Jutrsa,Mr.Maria Soledad Martinez Peria,Andrea Presbitero,Mr.Lev Ratnovski,Mr.Felix J Vardy Pdf

This paper offers novel evidence on the impact of raising bank capital requirements in the context of an emerging market: Peru. Using quarterly bank-level data and exploiting the adoption of bank-specific capital buffers, we find that higher capital requirements have a short-lived, negative impact on bank credit in Peru, although this effect becomes statistically insignificant in about half a year. This finding is robust to estimating different specifications to address concerns about the exogeneity of capital requirements. The fact that the reform was gradual and pre-announced and that banks were highly profitable at the time could explain the short-lived effects on credit.

Author : David Archer,Paul Moser-Boehm
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9291979317

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Central Bank Finances by David Archer,Paul Moser-Boehm Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Lulu.com
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Bank capital
ISBN : 9789291316694

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International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards by Anonim Pdf

Author : Mr. Marco Arena,Mr. Rudolfs Bems,Mr. Nadeem Ilahi,Mr. Jaewoo Lee,William Lindquist,Mr. Tonny Lybek
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 81 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2021-09-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513593753

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Asset Purchase Programs in European Emerging Markets by Mr. Marco Arena,Mr. Rudolfs Bems,Mr. Nadeem Ilahi,Mr. Jaewoo Lee,William Lindquist,Mr. Tonny Lybek Pdf

Several emerging market central banks in Europe deployed asset purchase programs (APPs) amid the 2020 pandemic. The common main goals were to address market dysfunction and impaired monetary transmission, distinct from the quantitative easing conducted by major advanced economy central banks. Likely reflecting the global nature of the crisis, these APPs defied the traditional emerging market concern of destabilizing the exchange rate or inflation expectations and instead alleviated markets successfully. We uncover some evidence that APPs in European emerging markets stabilized government bond markets and boosted equity prices, with no indication of exchange rate pressure. Examining global and domestic factors that could limit the usability of APPs, in the event of renewed market dysfunction we see a potential scope for scaling up APPs in most European emerging markets that used APPs during the pandemic, provided that they remain consistent with the primary objective of monetary policy and keep a safe distance from the risk of fiscal dominance. As central banks in the region move towards monetary policy tightening, the tapering, ending, and unwinding of APPs must also be carefully considered. Clear and transparent communication is critical at each step of the process, from the inception to the closure of APPs, particularly when a large shock hits and triggers a major policy shift.

Author : International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 109 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2017-07-31
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484313435

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Japan by International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department Pdf

This paper assesses the stability of the financial system in Japan. Although the financial system has remained stable, the low profitability environment is creating new risks, and pressures are likely to persist. The search for yield among banks has led some to expand their overseas activities, and more generally to a growth in real estate lending and foreign securities investments. Efforts to increase risk-based lending to small-and medium-sized enterprises are welcome, but many banks still need to develop commensurate credit assessment capacities. Stress tests suggest that the banking sector remains broadly sound, although market risks are increasing, and there are some vulnerabilities among regional banks.

Author : Antonio Castagna,Francesco Fede
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 600 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2013-09-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781119990246

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Measuring and Managing Liquidity Risk by Antonio Castagna,Francesco Fede Pdf

A fully up-to-date, cutting-edge guide to the measurement and management of liquidity risk Written for front and middle office risk management and quantitative practitioners, this book provides the ground-level knowledge, tools, and techniques for effective liquidity risk management. Highly practical, though thoroughly grounded in theory, the book begins with the basics of liquidity risks and, using examples pulled from the recent financial crisis, how they manifest themselves in financial institutions. The book then goes on to look at tools which can be used to measure liquidity risk, discussing risk monitoring and the different models used, notably financial variables models, credit variables models, and behavioural variables models, and then at managing these risks. As well as looking at the tools necessary for effective measurement and management, the book also looks at and discusses current regulation and the implication of new Basel regulations on management procedures and tools.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 189 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Banks and banking, Central
ISBN : 9291317918

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Issues in the Governance of Central Banks by Anonim Pdf

This report by the Central Bank Governance Group presents information intended to help decision-makers set up governance arrangements that are most suitable for their own circumstances. The report draws on a large body of information on the design and operation of central banks that the BIS has brought together since it initiated work on central bank governance in the early 1990s. The need to deal with chronic inflation in the 1970s and 1980s prompted the identification of price stability as a formal central bank objective and led to a significant reworking of governance arrangements. The current global financial crisis could have equally important implications for central banks, particularly with respect to their role in fostering financial stability. Although it is too early to know how central banking will change as a result, the report takes an important first step in identifying governance questions that the crisis poses.

Author : International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2017-09-18
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484319710

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Japan by International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department Pdf

This report assesses the observance of Basel Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision in Japan. Banking regulations and supervisory processes have undergone significant improvements since the last Financial Sector Assessment Program. The Japan Financial Services Agency is in the process of reforming its supervisory practices and has been shifting its focus from assessing compliance with prudential requirements to a more sophisticated and forward-looking risk-based approach to supervising banks and bank holding companies. Although the supervisory framework is generally sound, some key priority areas need to be addressed. Corporate governance and risk management remains an area that needs further work to strengthen independence of boards.