Use Of Reclaimed Water And Sludge In Food Crop Production
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National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on the Use of Treated Municipal Wastewater Effluents and Sludge in the Production of Crops for Human Consumption
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on the Use of Treated Municipal Wastewater Effluents and Sludge in the Production of Crops for Human Consumption Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 193 pages File Size : 50,8 Mb Release : 1996-03-26 Category : Technology & Engineering ISBN : 9780309054799
Use of Reclaimed Water and Sludge in Food Crop Production by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on the Use of Treated Municipal Wastewater Effluents and Sludge in the Production of Crops for Human Consumption Pdf
This book reviews the practice of reclaiming treated municipal wastewater for agricultural irrigation and using sewage sludge as a soil amendment and fertilizer in the United States. It describes and evaluates treatment technologies and practices; effects on soils, crop production, and ground water; public health concerns from pathogens and toxic chemicals; existing regulations and guidelines; and some of the economic, liability, and institutional issues. The recommendations and findings are aimed at authorities at the federal, state, and local levels, public utilities, and the food processing industry.
Committee on the Use of Treated Municipal Wastewater Effluents and Sludge in the Production of Crops for Human Consumption,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council
Author : Committee on the Use of Treated Municipal Wastewater Effluents and Sludge in the Production of Crops for Human Consumption,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 166 pages File Size : 48,6 Mb Release : 1996-03-11 Category : Technology & Engineering ISBN : 0309083850
Use of Reclaimed Water and Sludge in Food Crop Production by Committee on the Use of Treated Municipal Wastewater Effluents and Sludge in the Production of Crops for Human Consumption,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council Pdf
This book reviews the practice of reclaiming treated municipal wastewater for agricultural irrigation and using sewage sludge as a soil amendment and fertilizer in the United States. It describes and evaluates treatment technologies and practices; effects on soils, crop production, and ground water; public health concerns from pathogens and toxic chemicals; existing regulations and guidelines; and some of the economic, liability, and institutional issues. The recommendations and findings are aimed at authorities at the federal, state, and local levels, public utilities, and the food processing industry.
Treated Wastewater in Agriculture by Guy Levy,P. Fine,A. Bar-Tal Pdf
As the world's population increases and the demand for water increases apace there is a rising demand for information concerning the reuse of wastewater, particularly for the irrigation of key food crops worldwide. This important new book addresses in detail the use of treated wastewater in agricultural situations, its impact on crops and the soil environment. Coverage includes the composition and treatment of wastewater, health considerations, regulations and economic aspects. Major sections of the book also concentrate on crop management and the soil environment. This book is an essential purchase for all those working in irrigation, water management and crop production worldwide. Use of Treated Wastewater (TWW) for irrigation is increasingly important as the world's population increases Chapters prepared by leading scientists in the field Comprehensive coverage of current knowledge and advances in the area of TWW Focus on possible environmental impacts (positive and negative)
Water Reuse for Irrigation by Valentina Lazarova,Akica Bahri Pdf
This compilation provides guidelines that facilitate the successful planning and operation of water reuse projects. Offering the information, analysis and proven experience for agricultural and landscape irrigation, it bridges the gap between fundamental science and relatively uncharted areas of economic, institutional and liability issues. It delivers a synthesis of information recently emerging in both science and in the practice of irrigation with reclaimed water. The book compiles guidelines, recommendations and codes of best practices from around the world for all types of recycled water uses, and it examines recent concerns about adverse effects on plants, groundwater and public health.
Safe Application of Reclaimed Water Reuse in the Southwestern United States by Laosheng Wu Pdf
Farmers in the arid Southwest are looking at new water use strategies, including conservation and reuse, as increasing human populations in the area compete with agricultural uses. Find out what methods are available and what legal restrictions apply.
Growing Crops with Reclaimed Wastewater by Daryl Stevens Pdf
This comprehensive work examines the fundamentals required for reclaimed water schemes to deliver sustainable farming operations that achieve the yield and quality of produce necessary for acceptance in the market. Growing Crops with Reclaimed Wastewater reviews the historical background of water treatment, its use and disposal from Australian wastewater treatment facilities and the technologies now utilised to treat our wastewater for reuse. The major concerns of chemical, physical and pathological qualities of reclaimed water are addressed, ensuring that the environmental, economic and social requirements of today’s society are met. It reviews the state and national regulatory requirements and guidelines that have made Australia a world leader in the management of reclaimed water and also examines the guidance in the United States of America (Federal) and in California, the World Health Organization guidance and the situation in Israel. This is the first time such a definitive review has been produced on the use of wastewater for horticulture and it will be a key tool for decision makers, researchers and practitioners to understand the main issues and constraints. It will be of particular interest to agricultural scientists, waste and horticulture consultants, engineers, planners, state agencies, environmental officers and students.
Agricultural Utilization of Sewage Effluent and Sludge; an Annotated Bibliography by James P. Law Pdf
The effluent and sewage sludge from municipal and industrial treatment plants is a source of water and nutrients for agricultural uses. Considering its potential, only a few instances of agricultural uses of waste water in crop production have been recorded. Most of the literature on this subject is by scientists in the sewage disposal field. This report brings together about 300 annotated references on the agricultural uses of sewage effluents and sludge. Such uses aid crop production, but also make use of water that would have been wasted, decrease the pollutant load on the receiving streams, and preserve the normal stream flow for downstream uses.
Safe Use of Wastewater in Agriculture by Hiroshan Hettiarachchi,Reza Ardakanian Pdf
This book offers a broad and global level description of the current status of wastewater use in agriculture and then brings the readers to various places in the MENA Region and Europe to explain how some countries and regions have addressed the challenges during implementation. On a global scale, over 20 million hectares of agricultural land are irrigated using wastewater. This is one good, and perhaps the most prominent, example of the safe use potential of wastewater. Water scarcity and the cost of energy and fertilisers are among the main factors driving millions of farmers and other entrepreneurs to make use of wastewater. In order to address the technical, institutional, and policy challenges of safe water reuse, developing countries and countries in transition need clear institutional arrangements and more skilled human resources, with a sound understanding of the opportunities and potential risks of wastewater use. Stakeholders in wastewater irrigation who need to implement from scratch or improve current conditions, find it difficult to gather the necessary information on practical implementation aspects. The main objective of this book is to bridge that gap.
Wastewater use in agriculture: Review of impacts and methodological issues in valuing impacts by Intizar Hussain,Liqa Raschid,Munir A. Hanjra,Fuard Marikar,Wim van der Hoek Pdf
The objective of this paper is to provide a review of the characteristics of wastewater used for irrigation, and the reasoning behind the international guidelines presently used in regulating wastewater reuse for agriculture. This paper presents various systems of wastewater treatment available and discusses their benefits and shortcomings. A selective review of recent empirical studies identifies major impacts both positive and negative impacts of wastewater irrigation. Finally, the paper provides the review of environmental valuation techniques for analyzing impacts of wastewater uses in agriculture, and suggest a framework for application of some of these techniques. This framework will be applied to a developing country case study (Faisalabad area in Pakistan), in the ongoing IWMI research program.
Wastewater Reuse and Management in the Middle East and North Africa by Azmi Ghneim Pdf
"The MENA region is the driest in the world. Irrigated agriculture consumes the largest volume of water resources due to the continuous demand for food production. A huge potential for satisfying this increasing demand exists in the reuse of municipal wastewater in agriculture. This book emphasizes the importance of appropriate water policies and the enabling institutional setting in successful wastewater management and reuse. The in-depth-analysis is presented through the case study of Jordan."--Page 4 of cover.
Beneficial Co-Utilization of Agricultural, Municipal and Industrial by-Products by Sally L. Brown,J. Scott Angle,Lee W. Jacobs Pdf
Co-utilization or blending of residuals offers a unique opportunity to develop products with particular characteristics that are able to target specific customer needs. The very notion of deliberately blending by-products suggests that the recycling and beneficial reuse industries are taking a quantitative step forward towards developing products rather than simply reusing residuals. At the same time that this step provides unique opportunities, it also presents unique challenges. The science associated with the beneficial use of one product may not apply when that product is mixed with another residual. Blending of materials may alter the chemistry of the components of the mixture. This may offer additional benefits, as in the case of disease suppression in composts, or present unexpected problems, as the use of lime-stabilized biosolids has done in Maryland. This book consists of the proceedings of the Beltsville Symposium. The organizers of the Symposium attempted to structure a meeting that would outline both the potential benefits of co-utilization as well as concerns. The editors have divided the proceedings into sections that describe the practical basis for co-utilization of residuals as well as the potential benefits. Specific considerations are described. Finally, case studies include descriptions of successful operations and data that detail results of research involving co-utilization materials. Blending of materials for specific objectives needs to be the focus of any successful co-utilization effort. The scientific implications of the mix need to be determined before a product can be used properly.
Water Reuse: An International Survey of current practice, issues and needs examines water reuse practices around the world from different perspectives. The objective is to show how differently wastewater reuse is conceived and practised around the world as well as to present the varied needs and possibilities for reusing wastewater. In the first section water reuse practices around the world are described for regions having common water availability, reuse needs and social aspects. The second section refers to the “stakeholders” point of view. Each reuse purpose demands different water quality, not only to protect health and the environment but also to fulfil the requirements of the specific reuse. Reuses considered are agricultural, urban agriculture as a special case of the former, municipal and industrial. Alongside these uses, the indirect reuse for human consumption through aquifer recharge is also discussed. The third section deals with emerging and controversial topics. Ethical and economical dilemmas in the field are presented as a subject not frequently addressed in this field. The role of governments in respect of public policy in reuse is discussed as well as the different international criteria and standards for reusing wastewater. The importance of public acceptance and the way to properly handle it is also considered. The fourth section of the book presents contrasting case studies; typical situations in the developed world (Japan and Germany) are compared to those in developing countries (Pakistan and Brazil) for agricultural and industrial reuse. Indirect planned reuse for human consumption (Germany) is compared with an unplanned one (Mexico). The Windhoek, Namibia case study is presented to emphasize why if the direct reuse of wastewater for human consumption has been performed with success for more than 35 years it is still the only example of this type around the world. To illustrate the difficulties of having a common framework for regulating water reuse in several countries, the Mediterranean situation is described. Other case studies presented refer to the reuse situation in Israel, Spain, Cameroon, Nepal and Vietnam, these latter countries being located in water rich areas. This book will be an invaluable information source for all those concerned with water reuse including water utility managers, wastewater policy makers and water resources planners as well as researchers and students in environmental engineering, water resources planning and sanitary engineering. Scientific and Technical Report No. 20
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on the Assessment of Water Reuse as an Approach to Meeting Future Water Supply Needs
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on the Assessment of Water Reuse as an Approach to Meeting Future Water Supply Needs Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 276 pages File Size : 43,7 Mb Release : 2012-08-17 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309257497
Water Reuse by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on the Assessment of Water Reuse as an Approach to Meeting Future Water Supply Needs Pdf
Expanding water reuse-the use of treated wastewater for beneficial purposes including irrigation, industrial uses, and drinking water augmentation-could significantly increase the nation's total available water resources. Water Reuse presents a portfolio of treatment options available to mitigate water quality issues in reclaimed water along with new analysis suggesting that the risk of exposure to certain microbial and chemical contaminants from drinking reclaimed water does not appear to be any higher than the risk experienced in at least some current drinking water treatment systems, and may be orders of magnitude lower. This report recommends adjustments to the federal regulatory framework that could enhance public health protection for both planned and unplanned (or de facto) reuse and increase public confidence in water reuse.