Using Pattern Analysis And Systematic Randomness To Allocate United States Border Security Resources

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Rand Corporation
Page : 46 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Border security
ISBN : 0833077732

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Using Pattern Analysis and Systematic Randomness to Allocate United States Border Security Resources by Anonim Pdf

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security is responsible for protecting U.S. borders against terrorist threats, criminal endeavors, illegal immigration, and contraband. Unfortunately, due to budgetary and other resource constraints, it cannot "see and be" everywhere at once. In response, the Office of Border Patrol (OBP) is investigating how pattern and trend analysis and systematic randomness can be used to position border security personnel and equipment in the places and at the times they will be most effective. A RAND study examined how these techniques affect interdiction rates, incorporating results from a RAND-developed agent-based simulation model of the interaction of border patrol agents and illegal smugglers. The model allowed an exploration of how interdiction rates differ across thousands of scenarios that vary by the number of patrols, the rate of illegal flow, the size of the border, and the approach OBP takes to using pattern and trend analysis and systematic randomness. The analysis shows how approaches that combine these two techniques yield higher interdiction rates than approaches using either technique alone, and it identifies circumstances in which combined approaches are competitive with perfect surveillance.

Author : Joel B. Predd,Henry H. Willis,Claude Messan Setodji,Chuck Stelzner
Publisher : RAND Corporation
Page : 62 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2012-03-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0833068415

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Using Pattern Analysis and Systematic Randomness to Allocate U.S. Border Security Resources by Joel B. Predd,Henry H. Willis,Claude Messan Setodji,Chuck Stelzner Pdf

This report investigates how the Office of Border Patrol could employ pattern and trend analysis and systematic randomness to increase interdiction rates and mitigate smuggler adaptation. The analysis shows how approaches that combine the techniques yield higher interdiction rates than approaches using either technique alone, and it examines the circumstances in which combined approaches are competitive with perfect surveillance.

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (2011). Subcommittee on Research and Technology,United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (2011). Subcommittee on Oversight
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Border patrols
ISBN : STANFORD:36105050683700

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Technology Needed to Secure America's Border by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (2011). Subcommittee on Research and Technology,United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (2011). Subcommittee on Oversight Pdf

Author : Julian P. T. Higgins,Sally Green
Publisher : Wiley
Page : 672 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2008-11-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0470699515

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Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions by Julian P. T. Higgins,Sally Green Pdf

Healthcare providers, consumers, researchers and policy makers are inundated with unmanageable amounts of information, including evidence from healthcare research. It has become impossible for all to have the time and resources to find, appraise and interpret this evidence and incorporate it into healthcare decisions. Cochrane Reviews respond to this challenge by identifying, appraising and synthesizing research-based evidence and presenting it in a standardized format, published in The Cochrane Library (www.thecochranelibrary.com). The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions contains methodological guidance for the preparation and maintenance of Cochrane intervention reviews. Written in a clear and accessible format, it is the essential manual for all those preparing, maintaining and reading Cochrane reviews. Many of the principles and methods described here are appropriate for systematic reviews applied to other types of research and to systematic reviews of interventions undertaken by others. It is hoped therefore that this book will be invaluable to all those who want to understand the role of systematic reviews, critically appraise published reviews or perform reviews themselves.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Customs administration
ISBN : PURD:32754078075425

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Outbound Enforcement by Anonim Pdf

Author : Leo Chavez
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780804786188

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The Latino Threat by Leo Chavez Pdf

News media and pundits too frequently perpetuate the notion that Latinos, particularly Mexicans, are an invading force bent on reconquering land once their own and destroying the American way of life. In this book, Leo R. Chavez contests this assumption's basic tenets, offering facts to counter the many fictions about the "Latino threat." With new discussion about anchor babies, the DREAM Act, and recent anti-immigrant legislation in Arizona and other states, this expanded second edition critically investigates the stories about recent immigrants to show how prejudices are used to malign an entire population—and to define what it means to be American.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Equitable Allocation of Vaccine for the Novel Coronavirus
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2020-11-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309682244

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Framework for Equitable Allocation of COVID-19 Vaccine by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Equitable Allocation of Vaccine for the Novel Coronavirus Pdf

In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the societal disruption it has brought, national governments and the international community have invested billions of dollars and immense amounts of human resources to develop a safe and effective vaccine in an unprecedented time frame. Vaccination against this novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), offers the possibility of significantly reducing severe morbidity and mortality and transmission when deployed alongside other public health strategies and improved therapies. Health equity is intertwined with the impact of COVID-19 and there are certain populations that are at increased risk of severe illness or death from COVID-19. In the United States and worldwide, the pandemic is having a disproportionate impact on people who are already disadvantaged by virtue of their race and ethnicity, age, health status, residence, occupation, socioeconomic condition, or other contributing factors. Framework for Equitable Allocation of COVID-19 Vaccine offers an overarching framework for vaccine allocation to assist policy makers in the domestic and global health communities. Built on widely accepted foundational principles and recognizing the distinctive characteristics of COVID-19, this report's recommendations address the commitments needed to implement equitable allocation policies for COVID-19 vaccine.

Author : Gerard McLinden,Enrique Fanta,David Widdowson,Tom Doyle
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2010-11-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0821385976

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Border Management Modernization by Gerard McLinden,Enrique Fanta,David Widdowson,Tom Doyle Pdf

Border clearance processes by customs and other agencies are among the most important and problematic links in the global supply chain. Delays and costs at the border undermine a country’s competitiveness, either by taxing imported inputs with deadweight inefficiencies or by adding costs and reducing the competitiveness of exports. This book provides a practical guide to assist policy makers, administrators, and border management professionals with information and advice on how to improve border management systems, procedures, and institutions.

Author : Victoria A. Greenfield,Etienne Rosas
Publisher : RAND Corporation
Page : 78 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Criminal investigation
ISBN : 1977402089

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Human Smuggling and Associated Revenues by Victoria A. Greenfield,Etienne Rosas Pdf

This report presents initial findings from a scoping study titled “Economic Value of Human Smuggling to Transnational Criminal Organizations.” A primary goal of this study, which was completed in less than two months, was to develop a preliminary estimate of transnational criminal organizations’ (TCOs’) revenues from smuggling migrants from the Northern Triangle region of Central America—consisting of Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador—to the United States. In addition, we sought to establish what is known or knowable about the characteristics, including the structure, operations, and financing, of TCOs that engage in human smuggling along those routes.

Author : National Research Council,Committee to Review the Department of Homeland Security's Approach to Risk Analysis
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2010-10-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309159241

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Review of the Department of Homeland Security's Approach to Risk Analysis by National Research Council,Committee to Review the Department of Homeland Security's Approach to Risk Analysis Pdf

The events of September 11, 2001 changed perceptions, rearranged national priorities, and produced significant new government entities, including the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) created in 2003. While the principal mission of DHS is to lead efforts to secure the nation against those forces that wish to do harm, the department also has responsibilities in regard to preparation for and response to other hazards and disasters, such as floods, earthquakes, and other "natural" disasters. Whether in the context of preparedness, response or recovery from terrorism, illegal entry to the country, or natural disasters, DHS is committed to processes and methods that feature risk assessment as a critical component for making better-informed decisions. Review of the Department of Homeland Security's Approach to Risk Analysis explores how DHS is building its capabilities in risk analysis to inform decision making. The department uses risk analysis to inform decisions ranging from high-level policy choices to fine-scale protocols that guide the minute-by-minute actions of DHS employees. Although DHS is responsible for mitigating a range of threats, natural disasters, and pandemics, its risk analysis efforts are weighted heavily toward terrorism. In addition to assessing the capability of DHS risk analysis methods to support decision-making, the book evaluates the quality of the current approach to estimating risk and discusses how to improve current risk analysis procedures. Review of the Department of Homeland Security's Approach to Risk Analysis recommends that DHS continue to build its integrated risk management framework. It also suggests that the department improve the way models are developed and used and follow time-tested scientific practices, among other recommendations.

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Survey Options for Estimating the Flow of Unauthorized Crossings at the U.S.-Mexico Border
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 157 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309264259

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Options for Estimating Illegal Entries at the U.S.-Mexico Border by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Survey Options for Estimating the Flow of Unauthorized Crossings at the U.S.-Mexico Border Pdf

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is responsible for securing and managing the nation's borders. Over the past decade, DHS has dramatically stepped up its enforcement efforts at the U.S.-Mexico border, increasing the number of U.S. Border patrol (USBP) agents, expanding the deployment of technological assets, and implementing a variety of "consequence programs" intended to deter illegal immigration. During this same period, there has also been a sharp decline in the number of unauthorized migrants apprehended at the border. Trends in total apprehensions do not, however, by themselves speak to the effectiveness of DHS's investments in immigration enforcement. In particular, to evaluate whether heightened enforcement efforts have contributed to reducing the flow of undocumented migrants, it is critical to estimate the number of border-crossing attempts during the same period for which apprehensions data are available. With these issues in mind, DHS charged the National Research Council (NRC) with providing guidance on the use of surveys and other methodologies to estimate the number of unauthorized crossings at the U.S.-Mexico border, preferably by geographic region and on a quarterly basis. Options for Estimating Illegal Entries at the U.S.-Mexico Border focuses on Mexican migrants since Mexican nationals account for the vast majority (around 90 percent) of attempted unauthorized border crossings across the U.S.-Mexico border.

Author : Jorge Durand,Douglas S. Massey
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2004-08-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781610441735

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Crossing the Border by Jorge Durand,Douglas S. Massey Pdf

Discussion of Mexican migration to the United States is often infused with ideological rhetoric, untested theories, and few facts. In Crossing the Border, editors Jorge Durand and Douglas Massey bring the clarity of scientific analysis to this hotly contested but under-researched topic. Leading immigration scholars use data from the Mexican Migration Project—the largest, most comprehensive, and reliable source of data on Mexican immigrants currently available—to answer such important questions as: Who are the people that migrate to the United States from Mexico? Why do they come? How effective is U.S. migration policy in meeting its objectives? Crossing the Border dispels two primary myths about Mexican migration: First, that those who come to the United States are predominantly impoverished and intend to settle here permanently, and second, that the only way to keep them out is with stricter border enforcement. Nadia Flores, Rubén Hernández-León, and Douglas Massey show that Mexican migrants are generally not destitute but in fact cross the border because the higher comparative wages in the United States help them to finance homes back in Mexico, where limited credit opportunities makes it difficult for them to purchase housing. William Kandel's chapter on immigrant agricultural workers debunks the myth that these laborers are part of a shadowy, underground population that sponges off of social services. In contrast, he finds that most Mexican agricultural workers in the United States are paid by check and not under the table. These workers pay their fair share in U.S. taxes and—despite high rates of eligibility—they rarely utilize welfare programs. Research from the project also indicates that heightened border surveillance is an ineffective strategy to reduce the immigrant population. Pia Orrenius demonstrates that strict barriers at popular border crossings have not kept migrants from entering the United States, but rather have prompted them to seek out other crossing points. Belinda Reyes uses statistical models and qualitative interviews to show that the militarization of the Mexican border has actually kept immigrants who want to return to Mexico from doing so by making them fear that if they leave they will not be able to get back into the United States. By replacing anecdotal and speculative evidence with concrete data, Crossing the Border paints a picture of Mexican immigration to the United States that defies the common knowledge. It portrays a group of committed workers, doing what they can to realize the dream of home ownership in the absence of financing opportunities, and a broken immigration system that tries to keep migrants out of this country, but instead has kept them from leaving.

Author : Frank D. Bean,Barry Edmonston,Jeffrey S. Passel
Publisher : The Urban Insitute
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0877664900

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Undocumented Migration to the United States by Frank D. Bean,Barry Edmonston,Jeffrey S. Passel Pdf

Contains a collection of essays. Assesses the impact of the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986 on illegal immigration, with emphasis on undocumented migration from Mexico.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2024-06-18
Category : Discrimination in law enforcement
ISBN : OCLC:46353722

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Resource Guide on Racial Profiling Data Collection Systems: Promising Practices and Lessons Learned by Anonim Pdf

The U.S. Department of Justice presents the full text of an article entitled "A Resource Guide on Racial Profiling Data Collection Systems: Promising Practices and Lessons Learned," by Deborah Ramirez, Jack McDevitt, and Amy Farrell. The article discusses the problems related to racial profiling, data collection goals and limitations, and recommendations for traffic stop data collection systems.

Author : Jerry H. Ratcliffe
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2012-08-21
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781136308581

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Intelligence-Led Policing by Jerry H. Ratcliffe Pdf

What is intelligence-led policing? Who came up with the idea? Where did it come from? How does it relate to other policing paradigms? What distinguishes an intelligence-led approach to crime reduction? How is it designed to have an impact on crime? Does it prevent crime? What is crime disruption? Is intelligence-led policing just for the police? These are questions asked by many police professionals, including senior officers, analysts and operational staff. Similar questions are also posed by students of policing who have witnessed the rapid emergence of intelligence-led policing from its British origins to a worldwide movement. These questions are also relevant to crime prevention practitioners and policymakers seeking long-term crime benefits. The answers to these questions are the subject of this book. This book brings the concepts, processes and practice of intelligence-led policing into focus, so that students, practitioners and scholars of policing, criminal intelligence and crime analysis can better understand the evolving theoretical and empirical dynamics of this rapidly growing paradigm. The first book of its kind, enhanced by viewpoint contributions from intelligence experts and case studies of police operations, provides a much-needed and timely in-depth synopsis of this emerging movement in a practical and accessible style.