Vagueness And Rationality In Language Use And Cognition

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Vagueness and Rationality in Language Use and Cognition

Richard Dietz
Vagueness and Rationality in Language Use and Cognition Book PDF

Author : Richard Dietz
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 183 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2019-09-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9783030159313

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Vagueness and Rationality in Language Use and Cognition by Richard Dietz Pdf

This volume presents new conceptual and experimental studies which investigate the connection between vagueness and rationality from various systematic directions, such as philosophy, linguistics, cognitive psychology, computing science, and economics. Vagueness in language use and cognition has traditionally been interpreted in epistemic or semantic terms. The standard view of vagueness specifically suggests that considerations of agency or rationality, broadly conceived, can be left out of the equation. Most recently, new literature on vagueness has been released which suggests that the standard view is inadequate and that considerations of rationality should factor into more comprehensive models of vagueness. The methodological approaches presented here are diverse, ranging from philosophical interpretations of rational credence for vagueness to adaptations of choice theory (dynamic choice theory, revealed preference models, social choice theory), probabilistic models of pragmatic reasoning (Bayesian pragmatics), evolutionary game theory, and conceptual space models of categorisation.

Vagueness and Rationality in Language Use and Cognition

Anonim
Vagueness and Rationality in Language Use and Cognition Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 187 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Grammar, Comparative and general
ISBN : 3030159329

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Vagueness and Rationality in Language Use and Cognition by Anonim Pdf

This volume presents new conceptual and experimental studies which investigate the connection between vagueness and rationality from various systematic directions, such as philosophy, linguistics, cognitive psychology, computing science, and economics. Vagueness in language use and cognition has traditionally been interpreted in epistemic or semantic terms. The standard view of vagueness specifically suggests that considerations of agency or rationality, broadly conceived, can be left out of the equation. Most recently, new literature on vagueness has been released which suggests that the standard view is inadequate and that considerations of rationality should factor into more comprehensive models of vagueness. The methodological approaches presented here are diverse, ranging from philosophical interpretations of rational credence for vagueness to adaptations of choice theory (dynamic choice theory, revealed preference models, social choice theory), probabilistic models of pragmatic reasoning (Bayesian pragmatics), evolutionary game theory, and conceptual space models of categorisation. I have no doubt that this volume will be a valuable contribution to the current literature on the topic. All chapters are refreshingly original, and they offer surprising connections between vagueness as a semantic phenomenon and other seemingly unrelated problems in game theory, Bayesian epistemology or social choice theory. As a result, the reader is able to acquire a broad understanding of the problem, as well as a sense of its pervasiveness. The book also exhibits a delicate balance between conceptual and experimental approaches to vagueness. It is highly recommended to scholars and graduate students working on epistemology, philosophy of language, cognitive psychology, or linguistics. Eleonora Cresto, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Vagueness and Language Use

P. Égré,N. Klinedinst
Vagueness and Language Use Book PDF

Author : P. Égré,N. Klinedinst
Publisher : Springer
Page : 319 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2011-04-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780230299313

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Vagueness and Language Use by P. Égré,N. Klinedinst Pdf

This volume brings together twelve papers by linguists and philosophers contributing novel empirical and formal considerations to theorizing about vagueness. Three main issues are addressed: gradable expressions and comparison, the semantics of degree adverbs and intensifiers (such as 'clearly'), and ways of evading the sorites paradox.

The Art of Abduction

Igor Douven
The Art of Abduction Book PDF

Author : Igor Douven
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 371 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2022-11-08
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262369916

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The Art of Abduction by Igor Douven Pdf

A novel defense of abduction, one of the main forms of nondeductive reasoning. With this book, Igor Douven offers the first comprehensive defense of abduction, a form of nondeductive reasoning. Abductive reasoning, which is guided by explanatory considerations, has been under normative pressure since the advent of Bayesian approaches to rationality. Douven argues that, although it deviates from Bayesian tenets, abduction is nonetheless rational. Drawing on scientific results, in particular those from reasoning research, and using computer simulations, Douven addresses the main critiques of abduction. He shows that versions of abduction can perform better than the currently popular Bayesian approaches—and can even do the sort of heavy lifting that philosophers have hoped it would do. Douven examines abduction in detail, comparing it to other modes of inference, explaining its historical roots, discussing various definitions of abduction given in the philosophical literature, and addressing the problem of underdetermination. He looks at reasoning research that investigates how judgments of explanation quality affect people’s beliefs and especially their changes of belief. He considers the two main objections to abduction, the dynamic Dutch book argument, and the inaccuracy-minimization argument, and then gives abduction a positive grounding, using agent-based models to show the superiority of abduction in some contexts. Finally, he puts abduction to work in a well-known underdetermination argument, the argument for skepticism regarding the external world.

Truth, Rationality, Cognition, and Music

K. Korta,Jesús M. Larrazabal
Truth Rationality Cognition and Music Book PDF

Author : K. Korta,Jesús M. Larrazabal
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2013-03-14
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789401705486

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Truth, Rationality, Cognition, and Music by K. Korta,Jesús M. Larrazabal Pdf

A speech for the defence in a Paris murder trial, a road-safety slogan, Hobbes' political theory; each appeals to reason of a kind, but it remains an oblique and rhetoricalldnd. Each relies on comparisons rather than on direct statements, and none can override or supersede the conclusions of ethical reasoning proper. Nevertheless, just as slogans may do more for road safety than the mere recital of accident statistics, or of the evidence given at coroners' inquests, so the arguments of a Hobbes or a Bentham may be of greater practical effect than the assertion of genuinely ethical or political statements, however true and relevant these may be. Stephen Toulmin, Reason in Ethics, 1950. The International Colloquium on Cognitive Science (ICCS), held in Donostia - San Sebastian every two years since 1989, has become one of the most important plazas for cognitive scientists in Europe to present the results of their research and to exchange ideas. The seventh edition, co-organized as usual by the Institute for Logic, Cognition, Language, and Information (ILCLI) and the Department of Logic and Philosophy of Science, both from the University of the Basque Country, took place from May 9 to 12, 200 1, addressing the following main topics: 1. Truth: Epistemology and Logic. 2. Rationality in a Social Setting. 3. Music, Language, and Cognition. Vlll TRUTH, RATIONALITY, COGNITION, AND MUSIC 4. The Order of Discourse: Logic, Pragmatics, and Rhetoric.

Choosing Well

Chrisoula Andreou
Choosing Well Book PDF

Author : Chrisoula Andreou
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 201 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2023-01-24
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780197584132

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Choosing Well by Chrisoula Andreou Pdf

"This book focuses on the challenges associated with effective choice over time. In particular, it considers the challenges raised by cyclic preferences and by incomplete preferences, both of which interfere with the agent's neatly ordering her options, and which make the agent susceptible to self-defeating patterns of choice in which the agent is drawn into taking each of a series of steps that collectively lead her to a result that she deems unacceptable. The book's guiding questions are the following: What is an agent to do if she finds herself with cyclic preferences or with incomplete preferences? Is an agent or group of agents with such preferences necessarily irrational? It is argued that the answer to the latter question is "no"; rationality does not invariably prohibit disorderly preferences, but it does (to get back to the first question) prompt us to proceed with caution and with a readiness to show restraint, based on an awareness of larger dynamics, when our preferences are disorderly. Theories of rational choice often dismiss or abstract away from the sorts of disorderly preferences at issue here. They assume that rational agents can and should have neat preferences over their options; but this assumption is problematic. Rationality can validate certain disorderly preference structures while also protecting us from self-defeating patterns of choice. Rationality can thus handle quite a lot of messiness, which is important, since rationality wouldn't be all that helpful if, whenever messiness threatened, we could not turn to it for guidance"--

Wicked Problems: How to Engineer a Better World

Guru Madhavan
Wicked Problems How to Engineer a Better World Book PDF

Author : Guru Madhavan
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
Page : 421 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2024-03-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780393651478

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Wicked Problems: How to Engineer a Better World by Guru Madhavan Pdf

An ode to systems engineers—whose invisible work undergirds our life—and an exploration of the wicked problems they tackle. Our world is filled with pernicious problems. How, for example, did novice pilots learn to fly without taking to the air and risking their lives? How should cities process mountains of waste without polluting the environment? Challenges that tangle personal, public, and planetary aspects—often occurring in health care, infrastructure, business, and policy—are known as wicked problems, and they are not going away anytime soon. In linked chapters focusing on key facets of systems engineering—efficiency, vagueness, vulnerability, safety, maintenance, and resilience—engineer Guru Madhavan illuminates how wicked problems have emerged throughout history and how best to address them in the future. He examines best-known tragedies and lesser-known tales, from the efficient design of battleships to a volcano eruption that curtailed global commerce, and how maintenance of our sanitation systems constitutes tikkun olam, or repair of our world. Braided throughout is the uplifting tale of Edwin Link, an unsung hero who revolutionized aviation with his flight trainer. In Link’s story, Madhavan uncovers a model mindset to engage with wickedness. An homage to society’s innovators and maintainers, Wicked Problems offers a refreshing vision for readers of all backgrounds to build a better future and demonstrates how engineering is a cultural choice—one that requires us to restlessly find ways to transform society, but perhaps more critically, to care for the creations that already exist.

(In)coherence of Discourse

Maxime Amblard,Michel Musiol,Manuel Rebuschi
In coherence of Discourse Book PDF

Author : Maxime Amblard,Michel Musiol,Manuel Rebuschi
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 183 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2021-06-12
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783030714345

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(In)coherence of Discourse by Maxime Amblard,Michel Musiol,Manuel Rebuschi Pdf

This present book explores recent advances in modeling discourse processes, in particular, new approaches aimed at understanding pathological language behavior specific to schizophrenia. The contributors examine the modeling paradigm of formal semantics, which falls within the scope of both linguistics and logic while providing overlapping links with other fields such as philosophy of language and cognitive psychology. This book is based on results presented during the series of workshops on (In)Coherence and Discourse organized by SLAM (Schizophrenia and Language: Analysis and Modeling), a project developed to systemize the study of pathological language processing by taking an overarching interdisciplinary approach combining psychology, linguistics, computer science and philosophy. The principle focus is on conversations produced by people with psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. The contributions come from young and experienced researchers, and invited speakers. The book appeals to likeminded students and researchers.

Vagueness, Gradability and Typicality

Galit Weidman Sassoon
Vagueness Gradability and Typicality Book PDF

Author : Galit Weidman Sassoon
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 446 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2013-03-15
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789004248588

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Vagueness, Gradability and Typicality by Galit Weidman Sassoon Pdf

Brill's Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages offers an accessible yet engaging coverage of medieval European history and culture, c. 500-c. 1500, in a series of themed articles, taking an interdisciplinary and comparative approach.

Cognitive Processes and Economic Behaviour

Marcello Basili,Nicola Dimitri,ITZHAK GILBOA
Cognitive Processes and Economic Behaviour Book PDF

Author : Marcello Basili,Nicola Dimitri,ITZHAK GILBOA
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134362295

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Cognitive Processes and Economic Behaviour by Marcello Basili,Nicola Dimitri,ITZHAK GILBOA Pdf

In recent years the understanding of the cognitive foundations of economic behavior has become increasingly important. This volume contains contributions from such leading scholars as Adam Brandenburger, Michael Bacharach and Patrick Suppes. It will be of great interest to academics and researchers involved in the field of economics and psychology as well as those interested in political economy more generally.

Concepts, Frames and Cascades in Semantics, Cognition and Ontology

Sebastian Löbner,Thomas Gamerschlag,Tobias Kalenscher,Markus Schrenk,Henk Zeevat
Concepts Frames and Cascades in Semantics Cognition and Ontology Book PDF

Author : Sebastian Löbner,Thomas Gamerschlag,Tobias Kalenscher,Markus Schrenk,Henk Zeevat
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 486 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2021-05-28
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783030502003

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Concepts, Frames and Cascades in Semantics, Cognition and Ontology by Sebastian Löbner,Thomas Gamerschlag,Tobias Kalenscher,Markus Schrenk,Henk Zeevat Pdf

This open access book presents novel theoretical, empirical and experimental work exploring the nature of mental representations that support natural language production and understanding, and other manifestations of cognition. One fundamental question raised in the text is whether requisite knowledge structures can be adequately modeled by means of a uniform representational format, and if so, what exactly is its nature. Frames are a key topic covered which have had a strong impact on the exploration of knowledge representations in artificial intelligence, psychology and linguistics; cascades are a novel development in frame theory. Other key subject areas explored are: concepts and categorization, the experimental investigation of mental representation, as well as cognitive analysis in semantics. This book is of interest to students, researchers, and professionals working on cognition in the fields of linguistics, philosophy, and psychology.

Cognition and Figurative Language

Richard P. Honeck,Robert R. Hoffman
Cognition and Figurative Language Book PDF

Author : Richard P. Honeck,Robert R. Hoffman
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 446 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2018-10-31
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780429780264

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Cognition and Figurative Language by Richard P. Honeck,Robert R. Hoffman Pdf

Originally published in 1980, this is a book about the psychology of figurative language. It is however, eclectic and therefore should be of interest to professionals and students in education, linguistics, philosophy, sociolinguistics, and other concerned with meaning and cognition. The editors felt there was a pressing need to bring together the growing empirical efforts of this topic. In a sense, recognition of the theoretical importance of figurative language symbolized the transition from the psycholinguistics of the 1960s to that of the late 1970s, that is from a linguistic semantics to a more comprehensive psychological semantics with a healthy respect for context, inference, world knowledge, and above all creative imagination. The organization of the volume reflects the more basic, general concerns with cognition – from historical and philosophical background, through problems of mental representation and semantic theory, to developmental trends, and to applications in problem solving.

Fuzziness and Foundations of Exact and Inexact Sciences

Kofi Kissi Dompere
Fuzziness and Foundations of Exact and Inexact Sciences Book PDF

Author : Kofi Kissi Dompere
Publisher : Springer
Page : 191 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2012-08-23
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642311222

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Fuzziness and Foundations of Exact and Inexact Sciences by Kofi Kissi Dompere Pdf

The monograph is an examination of the fuzzy rational foundations of the structure of exact and inexact sciences over the epistemological space which is distinguished from the ontological space. It is thus concerned with the demarcation problem. It examines exact science and its critique of inexact science. The role of fuzzy rationality in these examinations is presented. The driving force of the discussions is the nature of the information that connects the cognitive relational structure of the epistemological space to the ontological space for knowing. The knowing action is undertaken by decision-choice agents who must process information to derive exact-inexact or true-false conclusions. The information processing is done with a paradigm and laws of thought that constitute the input-output machine. The nature of the paradigm selected depends on the nature of the information structure that is taken as input of the thought processing. Generally, the information structure received from the ontological space is defective from the simple principles of acquaintances and the limitations of cognitive agents operating in the epistemological space. How then do we arrive and claim exactness in our knowledge-production system? The general conclusion of this book is that the conditions of the fuzzy paradigm with its laws of thought and mathematics present a methodological unity of exact and inexact sciences where every zone of thought has fuzzy covering.

Pragmatic Meaning and Cognition

Sophia Marmaridou
Pragmatic Meaning and Cognition Book PDF

Author : Sophia Marmaridou
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2000-06-15
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027282569

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Pragmatic Meaning and Cognition by Sophia Marmaridou Pdf

This book provides a good overview of philosophical and cognitive approaches to language use and meaning. A synthesis of such approaches leads to a dynamic concept of pragmatic meaning which is on the one hand grounded in cognition and motivated by linguistic and cultural convention and, on the other, creates a framework for studying the interactive and social dimensions of the development of meaning in linguistic communication. Through an experientialist approach based on connectionist models, the author shows that by internalizing pragmatic meaning people become social agents who reproduce, challenge or change their social parameters during interaction.Pragmatic Meaning and Cognition is suitable as a course book in Pragmatics and Semantics and of interest to those concerned with cognitive models and dynamic and social aspects of linguistic communication.

Who Is Rational?

Keith E. Stanovich
Who Is Rational Book PDF

Author : Keith E. Stanovich
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 313 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 1999-04-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781135687564

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Who Is Rational? by Keith E. Stanovich Pdf

Integrating a decade-long program of empirical research with current cognitive theory, this book demonstrates that psychological research has profound implications for current debates about what it means to be rational. The author brings new evidence to bear on these issues by demonstrating that patterns of individual differences--largely ignored in disputes about human rationality--have strong implications for explanations of the gap between normative and descriptive models of human behavior. Separate chapters show how patterns of individual differences have implications for all of the major critiques of purported demonstrations of human irrationality in the heuristics and biases literature. In these critiques, it has been posited that experimenters have observed performance errors rather than systematically irrational responses; the tasks have required computational operations that exceed human cognitive capacity; experimenters have applied the wrong normative model to the task; and participants have misinterpreted the tasks. In a comprehensive set of studies, Stanovich demonstrates that gaps between normative and descriptive models of performance on some tasks can be accounted for by positing these alternative explanations, but that not all discrepancies from normative models can be so explained. Individual differences in rational thought can in part be predicted by psychological dispositions that are interpreted as characteristic biases in people's intentional-level psychologies. Presenting the most comprehensive examination of individual differences in the heuristics and biases literature that has yet been published, experiments and theoretical insights in this volume contextualize the heuristics and biases literature exemplified in the work of various investigators.