Variation In The Input

Author : Amanda Edmonds,Pascale Leclercq,Aarnes Gudmestad
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2020-09-28
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783961102839

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Interpreting language-learning data by Amanda Edmonds,Pascale Leclercq,Aarnes Gudmestad Pdf

This book provides a forum for methodological discussions emanating from researchers engaged in studying how individuals acquire an additional language. Whereas publications in the field of second language acquisition generally report on empirical studies with relatively little space dedicated to questions of method, the current book gave authors the opportunity to more fully develop a discussion piece around a methodological issue in connection with the interpretation of language-learning data. The result is a set of seven thought-provoking contributions from researchers with diverse interests. Three main topics are addressed in these chapters: the role of native-speaker norms in second-language analyses, the impact of epistemological stance on experimental design and/or data interpretation, and the challenges of transcription and annotation of language-learning data, with a focus on data ambiguity. Authors expand on these crucial issues, reflect on best practices, and provide in many instances concrete examples of the impact they have on data interpretation.

Author : Merete Anderssen,Kristine Bentzen,Marit Westergaard
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2010-09-22
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789048192076

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Variation in the Input by Merete Anderssen,Kristine Bentzen,Marit Westergaard Pdf

The topic of variation in language has received considerable attention in the field of general linguistics in recent years. This includes research on linguistic micro-variation that is dependent on fine distinctions in syntax and information structure. However, relatively little work has been done on how this variation is acquired. This book focuses on how different types of variation are expressed in the input and how this is acquired by young children. The collection of papers includes studies of the acquisition of variation in a number of different languages, including English, German, Greek, Italian, Korean, Norwegian, Swiss German, Ukrainian, and American Sign Language. Different kinds of linguistic variation are considered, ranging from pure word order variation to optionally doubly filled COMPs and the resolution of scopal ambiguities. In addition, papers in the volume deal with the extreme case of variation found in bilingual acquisition.

Author : Jianjun Shi
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 492 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2006-12-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781420003901

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Stream of Variation Modeling and Analysis for Multistage Manufacturing Processes by Jianjun Shi Pdf

Variability arises in multistage manufacturing processes (MMPs) from a variety of sources. Variation reduction demands data fusion from product/process design, manufacturing process data, and quality measurement. Statistical process control (SPC), with a focus on quality data alone, only tells half of the story and is a passive method, taking corre

Author : Amir Zjajo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2013-11-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789400777811

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Stochastic Process Variation in Deep-Submicron CMOS by Amir Zjajo Pdf

One of the most notable features of nanometer scale CMOS technology is the increasing magnitude of variability of the key device parameters affecting performance of integrated circuits. The growth of variability can be attributed to multiple factors, including the difficulty of manufacturing control, the emergence of new systematic variation-generating mechanisms, and most importantly, the increase in atomic-scale randomness, where device operation must be described as a stochastic process. In addition to wide-sense stationary stochastic device variability and temperature variation, existence of non-stationary stochastic electrical noise associated with fundamental processes in integrated-circuit devices represents an elementary limit on the performance of electronic circuits. In an attempt to address these issues, Stochastic Process Variation in Deep-Submicron CMOS: Circuits and Algorithms offers unique combination of mathematical treatment of random process variation, electrical noise and temperature and necessary circuit realizations for on-chip monitoring and performance calibration. The associated problems are addressed at various abstraction levels, i.e. circuit level, architecture level and system level. It therefore provides a broad view on the various solutions that have to be used and their possible combination in very effective complementary techniques for both analog/mixed-signal and digital circuits. The feasibility of the described algorithms and built-in circuitry has been verified by measurements from the silicon prototypes fabricated in standard 90 nm and 65 nm CMOS technology.

Author : Pooyan Sakian,Reza Mahmoudi,Arthur van Roermund
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 181 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2012-02-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781461421221

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RF-Frontend Design for Process-Variation-Tolerant Receivers by Pooyan Sakian,Reza Mahmoudi,Arthur van Roermund Pdf

This book discusses a number of challenges faced by designers of wireless receivers, given complications caused by the shrinking of electronic and mobile devices circuitry into ever-smaller sizes and the resulting complications on the manufacturability, production yield, and the end price of the products. The authors describe the impact of process technology on the performance of the end product and equip RF designers with countermeasures to cope with such problems. The mechanisms by which these problems arise are analyzed in detail and novel solutions are provided, including design guidelines for receivers with robustness to process variations and details of circuit blocks that obtain the required performance level. Describes RF receiver frontends and their building blocks from a system- and circuit-level perspective; Provides system-level analysis of a generic RF receiver frontend with robustness to process variations; Includes details of CMOS circuit design at 60GHz and reconfigurable circuits at 60GHz; Covers millimeter-wave circuit design with robustness to process variations.

Author : Allan H. Young
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1965
Category : Seasonal variations (Economics)
ISBN : UCD:31175017353585

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Estimating Trading-day Variation in Monthly Economic Time Series by Allan H. Young Pdf

Author : Mohamed Abu Rahma,Mohab Anis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2012-09-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781461417491

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Nanometer Variation-Tolerant SRAM by Mohamed Abu Rahma,Mohab Anis Pdf

Variability is one of the most challenging obstacles for IC design in the nanometer regime. In nanometer technologies, SRAM show an increased sensitivity to process variations due to low-voltage operation requirements, which are aggravated by the strong demand for lower power consumption and cost, while achieving higher performance and density. With the drastic increase in memory densities, lower supply voltages, and higher variations, statistical simulation methodologies become imperative to estimate memory yield and optimize performance and power. This book is an invaluable reference on robust SRAM circuits and statistical design methodologies for researchers and practicing engineers in the field of memory design. It combines state of the art circuit techniques and statistical methodologies to optimize SRAM performance and yield in nanometer technologies. Provides comprehensive review of state-of-the-art, variation-tolerant SRAM circuit techniques; Discusses Impact of device related process variations and how they affect circuit and system performance, from a design point of view; Helps designers optimize memory yield, with practical statistical design methodologies and yield estimation techniques.

Author : Marvin Onabajo,Jose Silva-Martinez
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 183 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2012-03-08
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781461422952

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Analog Circuit Design for Process Variation-Resilient Systems-on-a-Chip by Marvin Onabajo,Jose Silva-Martinez Pdf

This book describes several techniques to address variation-related design challenges for analog blocks in mixed-signal systems-on-chip. The methods presented are results from recent research works involving receiver front-end circuits, baseband filter linearization, and data conversion. These circuit-level techniques are described, with their relationships to emerging system-level calibration approaches, to tune the performances of analog circuits with digital assistance or control. Coverage also includes a strategy to utilize on-chip temperature sensors to measure the signal power and linearity characteristics of analog/RF circuits, as demonstrated by test chip measurements. Describes a variety of variation-tolerant analog circuit design examples, including from RF front-ends, high-performance ADCs and baseband filters; Includes built-in testing techniques, linked to current industrial trends; Balances digitally-assisted performance tuning with analog performance tuning and mismatch reduction approaches; Describes theoretical concepts as well as experimental results for test chips designed with variation-aware techniques.

Author : Philip J. Gisi
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 464 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2018-05-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781351582872

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Sustaining a Culture of Process Control and Continuous Improvement by Philip J. Gisi Pdf

This comprehensive book presents a methodology for continuous process improvement in a structured, logical, and easily understandable framework based on industry accepted tools, techniques, and practices. It begins by explaining the conditions necessary for establishing a stable and capable process and the actions required to maintain process control, while setting the stage for sustainable efficiency improvements driven by waste elimination and process flow enhancement. This structured approach makes a clear connection between the need for a quality process to serve as the foundation for incremental efficiency improvements. This book moves beyond talking about the value contribution of tools and techniques for process control and continuous improvement by focusing on the daily work routines necessary to maintain and sustain these activities as part of a lean process and management mindset. Part 1 discusses process quality improvement with an understanding of variation and its impact on process performance. It continues by stressing the importance of standardizing a process to achieve process stability. Once process stability is reflected in a consistent and predictable output, attention is turned to ensuring the process is capable of consistently meeting customer requirements. This series of activities sets the foundation for process control and the sustainable pursuit of efficiency improvements. Part 2 focuses on efficiency improvement by eliminating waste while improving process flow using proven tools and methods. Although there is a clear relationship between waste elimination and process flow, these activities are discussed separately to allow those more interested in waste elimination to work independently from those looking to optimize value stream flow. Part 3 explores the principles, practices, systems, and behaviors required to maintain process control while creating a mindset of continuous incremental improvement. It considers the role organizational structure, discipline, and accountability play as essential components for long term operational success. This book will: Provide readers with a clear roadmap for establishing, achieving, and maintaining process control as the foundation upon which to pursue efficiency improvements. Establish direction and methods for continuous and sustainable process improvement Define the practices, systems, and behaviors required to realize desired results and develop a culture of process control and continuous improvement along the road to operational excellence.

Author : Swarup Bhunia,Saibal Mukhopadhyay
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2010-11-10
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781441974181

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Low-Power Variation-Tolerant Design in Nanometer Silicon by Swarup Bhunia,Saibal Mukhopadhyay Pdf

Design considerations for low-power operations and robustness with respect to variations typically impose contradictory requirements. Low-power design techniques such as voltage scaling, dual-threshold assignment and gate sizing can have large negative impact on parametric yield under process variations. This book focuses on circuit/architectural design techniques for achieving low power operation under parameter variations. We consider both logic and memory design aspects and cover modeling and analysis, as well as design methodology to achieve simultaneously low power and variation tolerance, while minimizing design overhead. This book will discuss current industrial practices and emerging challenges at future technology nodes.

Author : Philippe Velex
Publisher : Chandos Publishing
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2014-09-18
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781782421955

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International Gear Conference 2014: 26th-28th August 2014, Lyon by Philippe Velex Pdf

This book presents papers from the International Gear Conference 2014, held in Lyon, 26th-28th August 2014. Mechanical transmission components such as gears, rolling element bearings, CVTs, belts and chains are present in every industrial sector and over recent years, increasing competitive pressure and environmental concerns have provided an impetus for cleaner, more efficient and quieter units. Moreover, the emergence of relatively new applications such as wind turbines, hybrid transmissions and jet engines has led to even more severe constraints. The main objective of this conference is to provide a forum for the most recent advances, addressing the challenges in modern mechanical transmissions. The conference proceedings address all aspects of gear and power transmission technology and range of applications (aerospace, automotive, wind turbine, and others) including topical issues such as power losses and efficiency, gear vibrations and noise, lubrication, contact failures, tribo-dynamics and nano transmissions. A truly international contribution with more than 120 papers from all over the world A judicious balance between fundamental research and industrial concerns Participation of the most respected international experts in the field of gearing A wide range of applications in terms of size, power, speed, and industrial sector

Author : United States. Patent Office
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1748 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1969
Category : Patents
ISBN : PSU:000065837559

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Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office by United States. Patent Office Pdf

Author : Michael Fulde
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 131 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2009-10-27
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789048132805

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Variation Aware Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design in Emerging Multi-Gate CMOS Technologies by Michael Fulde Pdf

Since scaling of CMOS is reaching the nanometer area serious limitations enforce the introduction of novel materials, device architectures and device concepts. Multi-gate devices employing high-k gate dielectrics are considered as promising solution overcoming these scaling limitations of conventional planar bulk CMOS. Variation Aware Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design in Emerging Multi-Gate CMOS Technologies provides a technology oriented assessment of analog and mixed-signal circuits in emerging high-k and multi-gate CMOS technologies.

Author : K.S. Li,S.-C.R. Lo
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2020-08-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781000099775

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Probabilistic Methods in Geotechnical Engineering by K.S. Li,S.-C.R. Lo Pdf

The proceedings of this conference contain keynote addresses on recent developments in geotechnical reliability and limit state design in geotechnics. It also contains invited lectures on such topics as modelling of soil variability, simulation of random fields and probability of rock joints. Contents: Keynote addresses on recent development on geotechnical reliability and limit state design in geotechnics, and invited lectures on modelling of soil variability, simulation of random field, probabilistic of rock joints, and probabilistic design of foundations and slopes. Other papers on analytical techniques in geotechnical reliability, modelling of soil properties, and probabilistic analysis of slopes, embankments and foundations.

Author : United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 950 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 1971
Category : Aerodynamics
ISBN : UOM:39015039957082

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NASA Technical Report by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Pdf