Waterborne Diseases In The Us

Author : Gunther F. Craun
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 303 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2018-01-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781351086110

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Waterborne Diseases in the US by Gunther F. Craun Pdf

This book examines, in both a current and historical context, water-related illness in the U.S. Emphasis is placed upon the transmission of infectious diseases through contaminated drinking water supplies and those deficiencies in water supply systems which allow waterborne outbreaks to occur. Chapters have been included on the important etiologic agents responsible for waterborne outbreaks in the U.S., surveillance activities, regulations, water treatment to prevent the occurrence of waterborne outbreaks and procedures for investigating waterborne outbreaks. For completeness, discussion have been included on illnesses contracted by ingestion of contact with waters for bathing , swimming, or wading and chronic ingestion of low levels of chemical contaminants in drinking water; however, because of space limitations there are necessarily brief, and the reader is directed toward the provided references, which discuss these subjects in more depth.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2009-10-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309138727

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Global Issues in Water, Sanitation, and Health by Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats Pdf

As the human population grows-tripling in the past century while, simultaneously, quadrupling its demand for water-Earth's finite freshwater supplies are increasingly strained, and also increasingly contaminated by domestic, agricultural, and industrial wastes. Today, approximately one-third of the world's population lives in areas with scarce water resources. Nearly one billion people currently lack access to an adequate water supply, and more than twice as many lack access to basic sanitation services. It is projected that by 2025 water scarcity will affect nearly two-thirds of all people on the planet. Recognizing that water availability, water quality, and sanitation are fundamental issues underlying infectious disease emergence and spread, the Institute of Medicine held a two-day public workshop, summarized in this volume. Through invited presentations and discussions, participants explored global and local connections between water, sanitation, and health; the spectrum of water-related disease transmission processes as they inform intervention design; lessons learned from water-related disease outbreaks; vulnerabilities in water and sanitation infrastructure in both industrialized and developing countries; and opportunities to improve water and sanitation infrastructure so as to reduce the risk of water-related infectious disease.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Indicators for Waterborne Pathogens
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2004-06-19
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780309091220

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Indicators for Waterborne Pathogens by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Indicators for Waterborne Pathogens Pdf

Recent and forecasted advances in microbiology, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry have made it timely to reassess the current paradigm of relying predominantly or exclusively on traditional bacterial indicators for all types of waterborne pathogens. Nonetheless, indicator approaches will still be required for the foreseeable future because it is not practical or feasible to monitor for the complete spectrum of microorganisms that may occur in water, and many known pathogens are difficult to detect directly and reliably in water samples. This comprehensive report recommends the development and use of a "tool box" approach by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency and others for assessing microbial water quality in which available indicator organisms (and/or pathogens in some cases) and detection method(s) are matched to the requirements of a particular application. The report further recommends the use of a phased, three-level monitoring framework to support the selection of indicators and indicator approaches.Â

Author : International Association for Food Protection
Publisher : Springer
Page : 153 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2016-07-12
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783319260273

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Procedures to Investigate Waterborne Illness by International Association for Food Protection Pdf

Written by a team of international experts, this third edition designed to guide public health personnel or teams in any country that investigates reports of alleged waterborne illnesses. The manual is based on epidemiologic principles and investigative techniques that have been found effective in determining causal factors of disease incidence. The guidelines are presented in the sequence usually followed during investigations and are organized so that an investigator can easily find the information needed in any phase of an investigation. The book services as a guide to: • Develop a waterborne disease surveillance and emergency operations program • Handle illness alerts and water-related complaints that may be related to illness • Interview ill persons, those at risk, and controls • Develop a case definition • Transport water specimens and clinical specimens • Trace sources of contamination • Identify factors responsible for contamination, survival of pathogenic microorganisms or toxic substances, and/or propagation of pathogens • Collate and interpret collected data • Report information about the outbreak This edition has been extensively updated. A section has been added on water not intended for drinking as a source of illness. The chapter on “collection and analysis of data” has been significantly expanded to explain how data is collected and used to suggest possible vehicles, routes, and agents. The book is designed to improve the quality of investigation of outbreaks and disease surveillance. The International Association for Food Protection is a non-profit association of food safety professionals. Dedicated to the life-long educational needs of its Members, IAFP provides Members with an information network through its two scientific journals (Food Protection Trends and Journal of Food Protection), its educational Annual Meeting, international meetings and symposia along with international interaction between food safety professionals.

Author : Paul Hunter
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1997-12-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0471966460

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Waterborne Disease by Paul Hunter Pdf

Water borne disease is responsible for millions of deaths worldwide every year. Within both developed and developing countries the demand for clean drinking and bathing water is ever increasing and the control of water borne disease is therefore of extreme importance. The book first addresses the magnitude of the problem, with subsequent chapters on specific diseases including Crytosporidiosis, Schistosomiasis, legionellosis and viral gastrointeritis. Concluding chapters discuss practical control issues such as basic water treatment and the problems of water borne disease control in less developed countries.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 719 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2013-11-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780124159761

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Microbiology of Waterborne Diseases by Anonim Pdf

The second edition of Microbiology of Waterborne Diseases describes the diseases associated with water, their causative agents and the ways in which they gain access to water systems. The book is divided into sections covering bacteria, protozoa, and viruses. Other sections detail methods for detecting and identifying waterborne microorganisms, and the ways in which they are removed from water, including chlorine, ozone, and ultraviolet disinfection. The second edition of this handbook has been updated with information on biofilms and antimicrobial resistance. The impact of global warming and climate change phenomena on waterborne illnesses are also discussed. This book serves as an indispensable reference for public health microbiologists, water utility scientists, research water pollution microbiologists environmental health officers, consultants in communicable disease control and microbial water pollution students. Focuses on the microorganisms of most significance to public health, including E. coli, cryptosporidium, and enterovirus Highlights the basic microbiology, clinical features, survival in the environment, and gives a risk assessment for each pathogen Contains new material on antimicrobial resistance and biofilms Covers drinking water and both marine and freshwater recreational bathing waters

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Board on Life Sciences,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Management of Legionella in Water Systems
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 291 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2020-02-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309493857

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Management of Legionella in Water Systems by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Board on Life Sciences,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Management of Legionella in Water Systems Pdf

Legionnaires' disease, a pneumonia caused by the Legionella bacterium, is the leading cause of reported waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. Legionella occur naturally in water from many different environmental sources, but grow rapidly in the warm, stagnant conditions that can be found in engineered water systems such as cooling towers, building plumbing, and hot tubs. Humans are primarily exposed to Legionella through inhalation of contaminated aerosols into the respiratory system. Legionnaires' disease can be fatal, with between 3 and 33 percent of Legionella infections leading to death, and studies show the incidence of Legionnaires' disease in the United States increased five-fold from 2000 to 2017. Management of Legionella in Water Systems reviews the state of science on Legionella contamination of water systems, specifically the ecology and diagnosis. This report explores the process of transmission via water systems, quantification, prevention and control, and policy and training issues that affect the incidence of Legionnaires' disease. It also analyzes existing knowledge gaps and recommends research priorities moving forward.

Author : Charles N. Haas,Joan B. Rose,Charles P. Gerba
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2014-06-09
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781118910023

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Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment by Charles N. Haas,Joan B. Rose,Charles P. Gerba Pdf

Provides the latest QMRA methodologies to determine infection riskcause by either accidental microbial infections or deliberateinfections caused by terrorism • Reviews the latest methodologies to quantify at everystep of the microbial exposure pathways, from the first release ofa pathogen to the actual human infection • Provides techniques on how to gatherinformation, on how each microorganism moves through theenvironment, how to determine their survival rates on variousmedia, and how people are exposed to the microorganism • Explains how QMRA can be used as a tool to measure theimpact of interventions and identify the best policies andpractices to protect public health and safety • Includes new information on genetic methods • Techniques use to develop risk models for drinkingwater, groundwater, recreational water, food and pathogens in theindoor environment

Author : National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Copper in Drinking Water
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 161 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2000-04-12
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780309172202

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Copper in Drinking Water by National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Copper in Drinking Water Pdf

The safety of the nation's drinking water must be maintained to ensure the health of the public. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for regulating the levels of substances in the drinking water supply. Copper can leach into drinking water from the pipes in the distribution system, and the allowable levels are regulated by the EPA. The regulation of copper, however, is complicated by the fact that it is both necessary to the normal functioning of the body and toxic to the body at too high a level. The National Research Council was requested to form a committee to review the scientific validity of the EPA's maximum contaminant level goal for copper in drinking water. Copper in Drinking Water outlines the findings of the committee's review. The book provides a review of the toxicity of copper as well as a discussion of the essential nature of this metal. The risks posed by both short-term and long-term exposure to copper are characterized, and the implications for public health are discussed. This book is a valuable reference for individuals involved in the regulation of water supplies and individuals interested in issues surrounding this metal.

Author : Gunther F. Craun
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Communicable diseases
ISBN : UCR:31210018905925

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Methods for the Investigation and Prevention of Waterborne Disease Outbreaks by Gunther F. Craun Pdf

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 18 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789241562737

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Waterborne Zoonoses by World Health Organization Pdf

Zoonoses are infectious diseases that can be transmitted from animals (both wild and domestic) to humans. A significant number of emerging and re-emerging waterborne zoonotic pathogens have been recognised over recent decades, such as SARS, E. coli, campylobacter and cryptosporidium. This publication assesses current knowledge about waterborne zoonoses and identifies strategies and research needs for anticipating and controlling future emerging water-related diseases, in order to better protect the health of both humans and animals. It is based on the discussions of a workshop held in the United States in September 2003, which included 29 experts from 14 countries and diverse disciplines including microbiology, water epidemiology, medicine, sanitary engineering, food safety and regulatory policy.

Author : Gunther F. Craun
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 409 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2018-01-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781351094566

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Waterborne Diseases in the US by Gunther F. Craun Pdf

This book examines, in both a current and historical context, water-related illness in the U.S. Emphasis is placed upon the transmission of infectious diseases through contaminated drinking water supplies and those deficiencies in water supply systems which allow waterborne outbreaks to occur. Chapters have been included on the important etiologic agents responsible for waterborne outbreaks in the U.S., surveillance activities, regulations, water treatment to prevent the occurrence of waterborne outbreaks and procedures for investigating waterborne outbreaks. For completeness, discussion have been included on illnesses contracted by ingestion of contact with waters for bathing , swimming, or wading and chronic ingestion of low levels of chemical contaminants in drinking water; however, because of space limitations there are necessarily brief, and the reader is directed toward the provided references, which discuss these subjects in more depth.

Author : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 672 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2017-04-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780190628635

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CDC Yellow Book 2018: Health Information for International Travel by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC Pdf

THE ESSENTIAL WORK IN TRAVEL MEDICINE -- NOW COMPLETELY UPDATED FOR 2018 As unprecedented numbers of travelers cross international borders each day, the need for up-to-date, practical information about the health challenges posed by travel has never been greater. For both international travelers and the health professionals who care for them, the CDC Yellow Book 2018: Health Information for International Travel is the definitive guide to staying safe and healthy anywhere in the world. The fully revised and updated 2018 edition codifies the U.S. government's most current health guidelines and information for international travelers, including pretravel vaccine recommendations, destination-specific health advice, and easy-to-reference maps, tables, and charts. The 2018 Yellow Book also addresses the needs of specific types of travelers, with dedicated sections on: · Precautions for pregnant travelers, immunocompromised travelers, and travelers with disabilities · Special considerations for newly arrived adoptees, immigrants, and refugees · Practical tips for last-minute or resource-limited travelers · Advice for air crews, humanitarian workers, missionaries, and others who provide care and support overseas Authored by a team of the world's most esteemed travel medicine experts, the Yellow Book is an essential resource for travelers -- and the clinicians overseeing their care -- at home and abroad.

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2004-09-23
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789241562591

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Pathogenic Mycobacteria in Water by World Health Organization Pdf

Environmental mycobacteria can be found in diverse environments around the world, some of which have the ability to infect animals, birds and humans and have evolved mechanisms by which they can invade and grow within host cells, the pathogenic environmental mycobacteria (PEM). Although the diseases caused by these organisms have been known for many years, it is only recently that the potential significance of PEM as a waterborne pathogen has been appreciated. This publication discusses current knowledge about the distribution of PEM in water and other parts of the environment, the routes of transmission that lead to human infection, the most significant disease symptoms that can follow infection, methods of analysis and detection, the control of PEM in drinking-water and the assessment and management of risks.

Author : Cara Gleeson,Nick Gray
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1996-12-05
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9780203476888

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The Coliform Index and Waterborne Disease by Cara Gleeson,Nick Gray Pdf

In the past decade there has been a rapid increase in waterborne outbreaks of disease associated with viral and protozoan agents, normally in drinking waters that were found to be microbially safe using the Coliform Index.For nearly a quarter of a century indicator organisms, in particular the coliform group, have been used to ensure the microbial