Welfare And Rational Care

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Welfare and Rational Care

Stephen Darwall
Welfare and Rational Care Book PDF

Author : Stephen Darwall
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2010-07-28
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781400825325

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Welfare and Rational Care by Stephen Darwall Pdf

What kind of life best ensures human welfare? Since the ancient Greeks, this question has been as central to ethical philosophy as to ordinary reflection. But what exactly is welfare? This question has suffered from relative neglect. And, as Stephen Darwall shows, it has done so at a price. Presenting a provocative new "rational care theory of welfare," Darwall proves that a proper understanding of welfare fundamentally changes how we think about what is best for people. Most philosophers have assumed that a person's welfare is what is good from her point of view, namely, what she has a distinctive reason to pursue. In the now standard terminology, welfare is assumed to have an "agent-relative normativity." Darwall by contrast argues that someone's good is what one should want for that person insofar as one cares for her. Welfare, in other words, is normative, but not peculiarly for the person whose welfare is at stake. In addition, Darwall makes the radical proposal that something's contributing to someone's welfare is the same thing as its being something one ought to want for her own sake, insofar as one cares. Darwall defends this theory with clarity, precision, and elegance, and with a subtle understanding of the place of sympathetic concern in the rich psychology of sympathy and empathy. His forceful arguments will change how we understand a concept central to ethics and our understanding of human bonds and human choices.

Welfare and Rational Care

Stephen L. Darwall
Welfare and Rational Care Book PDF

Author : Stephen L. Darwall
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 135 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0691092524

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Welfare and Rational Care by Stephen L. Darwall Pdf

What kind of life best ensures human welfare? Since the ancient Greeks, this question has been as central to ethical philosophy as to ordinary reflection. But what exactly is welfare? This question has suffered from relative neglect. And, as Stephen Darwall shows, it has done so at a price. Presenting a provocative new "rational care theory of welfare," Darwall proves that a proper understanding of welfare fundamentally changes how we think about what is best for people. Most philosophers have assumed that a person's welfare is what is good from her point of view, namely, what she has a distinctive reason to pursue. In the now standard terminology, welfare is assumed to have an "agent-relative normativity." Darwall by contrast argues that someone's good is what one should want for that person insofar as one cares for her. Welfare, in other words, is normative, but not peculiarly for the person whose welfare is at stake. In addition, Darwall makes the radical proposal that something's contributing to someone's welfare is the same thing as its being something one ought to want for her own sake, insofar as one cares. Darwall defends this theory with clarity, precision, and elegance, and with a subtle understanding of the place of sympathetic concern in the rich psychology of sympathy and empathy. His forceful arguments will change how we understand a concept central to ethics and our understanding of human bonds and human choices.

The Oxford Handbook of Consequentialism

Douglas W. Portmore
The Oxford Handbook of Consequentialism Book PDF

Author : Douglas W. Portmore
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 656 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2020-09-17
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780190905330

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The Oxford Handbook of Consequentialism by Douglas W. Portmore Pdf

Consequentialism is a major moral theory in contemporary philosophy: it is the view that the only thing that matters when making moral decisions is the outcome of those decisions. Consequentialists hold that to morally assess an act, we must first evaluate and rank the various ways that things could turn out depending on whether it or some alternative act is performed. Whether we should perform that act thus depends on how its outcome ranks relative to those of its alternatives. Consequentialism rivals deontology, contractualism, and virtue ethics, but, more importantly, it has influenced contemporary moral philosophy such that the consequentialist/non-consequentialist distinction is one of the most central in normative ethics. After all, every plausible moral theory must concede that the goodness of an act's consequences is something that matters, even if it's not the only thing that matters. Thus, all plausible moral theories will accept that both 1) an act's producing good consequences constitutes a moral reason to perform it, and 2) the better its consequences, the more of a moral reason there is to perform it. In this way, much of consequentialist ethical theory is important for normative ethics in general. This Oxford Handbook contains thirty-two previously unpublished contributions by top moral philosophers examining the current state of play in consequentialism and pointing to new directions for future research. The volume is organized into four major sections: foundational issues; objections to consequentialism; its forms and limits; and consequentialism's implications for policy, practice, and social reform.

Being Me Being You

Samuel Fleischacker
Being Me Being You Book PDF

Author : Samuel Fleischacker
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 231 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2019-10-23
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780226661896

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Being Me Being You by Samuel Fleischacker Pdf

Modern notions of empathy often celebrate its ability to bridge divides, to unite humankind. But how do we square this with the popular view that we can never truly comprehend the experience of being someone else? In this book, Samuel Fleischacker delves into the work of Adam Smith to draw out an understanding of empathy that respects both personal difference and shared humanity. After laying out a range of meanings for the concept of empathy, Fleischacker proposes that what Smith called “sympathy” is very much what we today consider empathy. Smith’s version has remarkable value, as his empathy calls for entering into the perspective of another—a uniquely human feat that connects people while still allowing them to define their own distinctive standpoints. After discussing Smith’s views in relation to more recent empirical and philosophical studies, Fleischacker shows how turning back to Smith promises to enrich, clarify, and advance our current debates about the meaning and uses of empathy.

Beyond Price

J. David Velleman
Beyond Price Book PDF

Author : J. David Velleman
Publisher : Open Book Publishers
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2015-10-08
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781783741670

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Beyond Price by J. David Velleman Pdf

In nine lively essays, bioethicist J. David Velleman challenges the prevailing consensus about assisted suicide and reproductive technology, articulating an original approach to the ethics of creating and ending human lives. He argues that assistance in dying is appropriate only at the point where talk of suicide is not, and he raises moral objections to anonymous donor conception. In their place, Velleman champions a morality of valuing personhood over happiness in making end-of-life decisions, and respecting the personhood of future children in making decisions about procreation. These controversial views are defended with philosophical rigor while remaining accessible to the general reader. Written over Velleman's 30 years of undergraduate teaching in bioethics, the essays have never before been collected and made available to a non-academic audience. They will open new lines of debate on issues of intense public interest.

Personal Value

Toni Rønnow-Rasmussen
Personal Value Book PDF

Author : Toni Rønnow-Rasmussen
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2011-06-23
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191619106

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Personal Value by Toni Rønnow-Rasmussen Pdf

Certain things, like justice, have impersonal value. Other things, like your parents, carry personal values: they have value for you. Besides whatever value they have, they are valuable to you. The philosophical literature as well as non-philosophical literature is inundated with suggestions about the kinds of thing that are good for us or, if it is a negative personal value, what is bad for us. This is a stimulating and vivid area of philosophical research, but it has tended to monopolize the notion of 'good-for', linking it necessarily to welfare or well-being. Since these more or less well-grounded pieces of advice are seldom accompanied by an analysis of the notion of 'good-for', there is a need for such an analysis. Rønnow-Rasmussen remedies this need, by offering a novel way of analyzing the notion of personal value. He defends the idea that we have reason to expand our classical value taxonomy with these personal values. By fine-tuning a pattern of value analysis which has roots in the writings of the Austrian philosopher Franz Brentano, this sort of analysis will come to cover personal values, too. In addition Rønnow-Rasmussen makes substatial contributions to a number of issues, including hedonism vs. preferentialism, subjectivism vs. objectivism, value bearer monism vs. value bearer pluralism, and the wrong kind of reason problem — all of which are much debated among today's value theorists.

The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Well-Being

Guy Fletcher
The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Well Being Book PDF

Author : Guy Fletcher
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 546 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2015-07-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781317402657

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The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Well-Being by Guy Fletcher Pdf

The concept of well-being is one of the oldest and most important topics in philosophy and ethics, going back to ancient Greek philosophy. Following the boom in happiness studies in the last few years it has moved to centre stage, grabbing media headlines and the attention of scientists, psychologists and economists. Yet little is actually known about well-being and it is an idea that is often poorly articulated. The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Well-Being provides a comprehensive, outstanding guide and reference source to the key topics and debates in this exciting subject. Comprising over 40 chapters by a team of international contributors, the Handbook is divided into six parts: well-being in the history of philosophy current theories of well-being, including hedonism and perfectionism examples of well-being and its opposites, including friendship and virtue and pain and death theoretical issues, such as well-being and value, harm, identity and well-being and children well-being in moral and political philosophy well-being and related subjects, including law, economics and medicine. Essential reading for students and researchers in ethics and political philosophy, it is also an invaluable resource for those in related disciplines such as psychology, politics and sociology.

Understanding Care, Welfare and Community

Vivien Bacigalupo,Joanna Bornat,Bill Bytheway,Julia Johnson,Susan Spurr
Understanding Care Welfare and Community Book PDF

Author : Vivien Bacigalupo,Joanna Bornat,Bill Bytheway,Julia Johnson,Susan Spurr
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 396 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2005-07-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781134575787

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Understanding Care, Welfare and Community by Vivien Bacigalupo,Joanna Bornat,Bill Bytheway,Julia Johnson,Susan Spurr Pdf

Care, welfare and community are three key concepts in contemporary social policy. This reader covers a wide range of topics associated with them and relevant to the delivery of care and support to adults. It includes a wide-ranging collection of articles by leading writers and researchers, some previously published, some newly commissioned. It also has first-hand accounts by users and providers of care and welfare in the community. Groups covered include people with mental health problems, homeless people, older people, people with learning difficulties and people with impairments. The focus throughout is on how policies and practice can be developed appropriately and sensitively through an understanding of current issues. The 40 chapters are grouped into four sections, each with an introduction. Five of the chapters are made up of extracts from a wide range of documents and testimonies. * Power and inequality * Difference and identity * Rights and risk *Territories and boundaries Most of the material relates to a diverse turn-of-the-century Britain, but this is set in a wider context enabling the student to explore the alternative realities of other countries and other times. Understanding Care, Welfare and Community provides an integrated, multidisciplinary overview of the many different aspects of community care. It is appropriate for students and professionals following a wide range of courses in social work, nursing, care, health, social policy, medicine, voluntary work and welfare services. It will also be a valuable resource for carers and practitioners, teachers and policy makers.

Care Between Work and Welfare in European Societies

B. Pfau-Effinger,T. Rostgaard
Care Between Work and Welfare in European Societies Book PDF

Author : B. Pfau-Effinger,T. Rostgaard
Publisher : Springer
Page : 251 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2011-06-14
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780230307612

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Care Between Work and Welfare in European Societies by B. Pfau-Effinger,T. Rostgaard Pdf

This book provides insights into the theoretical framework of 'tensions' related to care for children and the elderly. It analyzes if, and under what conditions, welfare state reforms have contributed to strengthening existing tensions, creating new tensions, or relaxing such tensions.

The Oxford Handbook of Value Theory

Iwao Hirose,Jonas Olson
The Oxford Handbook of Value Theory Book PDF

Author : Iwao Hirose,Jonas Olson
Publisher : Oxford Handbooks
Page : 457 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199959303

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The Oxford Handbook of Value Theory by Iwao Hirose,Jonas Olson Pdf

Questions about value are important in many contexts. Value theory, or axiology, studies which things are good or bad, how good or bad they are, and, most fundamentally, what it is for a thing to be good or bad. This handbook provides a comprehensive and state-of-art overview of the debate in value theory.

Autonomy, Rationality, and Contemporary Bioethics

Jonathan Pugh
Autonomy Rationality and Contemporary Bioethics Book PDF

Author : Jonathan Pugh
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2020-04-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191899409

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Autonomy, Rationality, and Contemporary Bioethics by Jonathan Pugh Pdf

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Personal autonomy is often lauded as a key value in contemporary Western bioethics. Though the claim that there is an important relationship between autonomy and rationality is often treated as uncontroversial in this sphere, there is also considerable disagreement about how we should cash out the relationship. In particular, it is unclear whether a rationalist view of autonomy can be compatible with legal judgments that enshrine a patient's right to refuse medical treatment, regardless of whether the reasons underpinning the choice are known and rational, or indeed whether they even exist. Jonathan Pugh brings recent philosophical work on the nature of rationality to bear on the question of how we should understand personal autonomy in contemporary bioethics. In doing so, he develops a new framework for thinking about the concept of autonomy, one that is grounded in an understanding of the different roles that rational beliefs and rational desires have to play in it. Pugh's account allows for a deeper understanding of d the relationship between our freedom to act and our capacity to decide autonomously. His rationalist perspective is contrasted with other prominent accounts of autonomy in bioethics, and the revisionary implications it has for practical questions in biomedicine are also outlined.

Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology

Luca Fiorito,Scott Scheall,Carlos Eduardo Suprinyak
Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology Book PDF

Author : Luca Fiorito,Scott Scheall,Carlos Eduardo Suprinyak
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2023-10-02
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781804559840

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Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology by Luca Fiorito,Scott Scheall,Carlos Eduardo Suprinyak Pdf

Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology Volume 41B features a selection of papers presented at the First History of Economics Diversity Caucus Conference.

Happiness and Goodness

Steven M. Cahn,Christine Vitrano
Happiness and Goodness Book PDF

Author : Steven M. Cahn,Christine Vitrano
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2015-06-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780231539364

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Happiness and Goodness by Steven M. Cahn,Christine Vitrano Pdf

“A phenomenal book that offers innovative and penetrating insights into the most fundamental questions of human concern . . . vivid and enjoyable.”—Dov Weiss, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign How should we evaluate the success of each person’s life? Countering the prevalent philosophical perspective on the subject, Steven M. Cahn and Christine Vitrano defend the view that our well-being is dependent not on particular activities, accomplishments, or awards but on finding personal satisfaction while treating others with due concern. The authors suggest that moral behavior is not necessary for happiness and does not ensure it. Yet they also argue that morality and happiness are needed for living well, and together suffice to achieve that goal. Cahn and Vitrano link their position to elements within both the Hellenistic and Hebraic traditions, in particular the views of Epicurus and lessons found in the Book of Ecclesiastes. Written in an accessible style and illustrated with incisive vignettes drawn from history, literature, films, and everyday life, Happiness and Goodness is a compelling work of philosophy for anyone who seeks to understand the nature of a good life. “Reminds me of a Socratic dialogue. The absence of jargon and use of realistic examples in this book make philosophy accessible to all interested in improving their lives.”—Andrea Tschemplik, American University “This crisply written and incisive book draws on ancient thought and contemporary examples to develop a compelling account of living well.”—David Shatz, Yeshiva University “I can’t remember the last time I read a book about ethics that was so fascinating.”—Ed Lake, deputy editor, Aeon

Oxford Studies in Metaethics

Russ Shafer-Landau
Oxford Studies in Metaethics Book PDF

Author : Russ Shafer-Landau
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2019-06-13
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192578457

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Oxford Studies in Metaethics by Russ Shafer-Landau Pdf

Oxford Studies in Metaethics is the only publication devoted exclusively to original philosophical work in the foundations of ethics. It provides an annual selection of much of the best new scholarship being done in the field. Its broad purview includes work being done at the intersections of ethical theory with metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of language, and philosophy of mind. The essays included in the series provide an excellent basis for understanding recent developments in the field; those who would like to acquaint themselves with the current state of play in metaethics would do well to start here.

Sacrifice and Moral Philosophy

Marcel van Ackeren,Alfred Archer
Sacrifice and Moral Philosophy Book PDF

Author : Marcel van Ackeren,Alfred Archer
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2020-09-10
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000080490

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Sacrifice and Moral Philosophy by Marcel van Ackeren,Alfred Archer Pdf

The aim of this book is to foster a more explicit and direct discussion of the concept of sacrifice and its importance in moral philosophy. Acts of self-sacrifice have a special place in our moral lives. We admire and celebrate those who give up their lives so that others may live. Despite this important role that sacrifice plays in our moral thinking, moral philosophers have had surprisingly little to say about the nature of sacrifice. This lack of attention to the nature of sacrifice is particularly important given that sacrifice also has an important role to play in several key debates in moral philosophy. The chapters in this volume make an important contribution to our understanding of sacrifice in three areas. The first part of the book investigates the nature of sacrifice. The next group of chapters investigates the role of sacrifice in moral philosophy. Three of these pieces investigate the role of sacrifice in our moral lives generally, while two investigate the role of sacrifice in relation to particular moral theories. The final two chapters investigate the value of sacrifice in relation to political and theological issues. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the International Journal of Philosophical Studies.