Welfare In The United States

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The Decline of the Welfare State

Assaf Razin,Efraim Sadka
The Decline of the Welfare State Book PDF

Author : Assaf Razin,Efraim Sadka
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2005-01-21
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0262264366

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The Decline of the Welfare State by Assaf Razin,Efraim Sadka Pdf

An analysis of the welfare state from a political economy perspective that examines the effects of aging populations, migration, and globalization on industrialized economies. In The Decline of the Welfare State, Assaf Razin and Efraim Sadka use a political economy framework to analyze the effects of aging populations, migration, and globalization on the deteriorating system of financing welfare state benefits as we know them. Their timely analysis, supported by a unified theoretical framework and empirical findings, demonstrates how the combined forces of demographic change and globalization will make it impossible for the welfare state to maintain itself on its present scale. In much of the developed world, the proportion of the population aged 60 and over is expected to rise dramatically over the coming years—from 35 percent in 2000 to a projected 66 percent in 2050 in the European Union and from 27 percent to 47 percent in the United States—which may necessitate higher tax burdens and greater public debt to maintain national pension systems at current levels. Low-skill migration produces additional strains on welfare-state financing because such migrants typically receive benefits that exceed what they pay in taxes. Higher capital taxation, which could potentially be used to finance welfare benefits, is made unlikely by international tax competition brought about by globalization of the capital market. Applying a political economy model and drawing on empirical data from the EU and the United States, the authors draw an unconventional and provocative conclusion from these developments. They argue that the political pressure from both aging and migrant populations indirectly generates political processes that favor trimming rather than expanding the welfare state. The combined pressures of aging, migration, and globalization will shift the balance of political power and generate public support from the majority of the voting population for cutting back traditional welfare state benefits.

Welfare in the United States

Premilla Nadasen,Jennifer Mittelstadt,Marisa Chappell
Welfare in the United States Book PDF

Author : Premilla Nadasen,Jennifer Mittelstadt,Marisa Chappell
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2013-04-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781135024543

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Welfare in the United States by Premilla Nadasen,Jennifer Mittelstadt,Marisa Chappell Pdf

Welfare has been central to a number of significant political debates in modern America: What role should the government play in alleviating poverty? What does a government owe its citizens, and who is entitled to help? How have race and gender shaped economic opportunities and outcomes? How should Americans respond to increasing rates of single parenthood? How have poor women sought to shape their own lives and influence government policies? With a comprehensive introduction and a well-chosen collection of primary documents, Welfare in the United States chronicles the major turning points in the seventy-year history of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). Illuminating policy debates, shifting demographics, institutional change, and the impact of social movements, this book serves as an essential guide to the history of the nation's most controversial welfare program.

Child Welfare in the United States

Sylvia Mignon, MSW, PhD
Child Welfare in the United States Book PDF

Author : Sylvia Mignon, MSW, PhD
Publisher : Springer Publishing Company
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2016-11-28
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780826126474

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Child Welfare in the United States by Sylvia Mignon, MSW, PhD Pdf

Provides a balanced critical analysis of the child welfare system along with promising innovations Distinguished by its critical perspective, this book delivers a balanced and comprehensive examination of the child welfare system in the United States today. In a clear and accessible style, it outlines key issues, reviews the history of the child welfare system, and explores the challenges to developing appropriate federal, state and local policies that address child welfare concerns. A chapter devoted to innovative and effective child welfare and prevention practices showcases examples of successful programs. Additionally, the book underscores the importance of coordination among human service professionals and organizations. The text addresses issues related to the educational system, homelessness, poverty, the juvenile justice system, foster care, and adoption. It incorporates the perspectives of parents and children involved in the system, who cite both positive experiences and bureaucratic challenges. Child welfare workers themselves describe the professional and personal realities of their experiences working within the system. Illustrative case examples of abused and neglected children add to the text’s value for BSW and MSW students studying child welfare. Key Features: Provides a comprehensive overview of child welfare issues in the United States today Offers case examples of abused/neglected children and their families Includes the perspectives of parents and children involved with the child welfare system Incorporates the views of child welfare workers Provides examples of innovative practices in child welfare

The Divided Welfare State

Jacob S. Hacker
The Divided Welfare State Book PDF

Author : Jacob S. Hacker
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 468 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2002-09-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0521013283

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The Divided Welfare State by Jacob S. Hacker Pdf

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How Welfare Worked in the Early United States

Gabriel J. Loiacono
How Welfare Worked in the Early United States Book PDF

Author : Gabriel J. Loiacono
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2021-04-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780197515457

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How Welfare Worked in the Early United States by Gabriel J. Loiacono Pdf

What was American welfare like in George Washington's day? It was expensive, extensive, and run by local governments. Known as "poor relief," it included what we would now call welfare and social work. Unlike other aspects of government, poor relief remained consistent in structure between the establishment of the British colonies in the 1600s and the New Deal of the 1930s. In this book, Gabriel J. Loiacono follows the lives of five people in Rhode Island between the Revolutionary War and 1850: a long-serving overseer of the poor, a Continental Army veteran who was repeatedly banished from town, a nurse who was paid by the government to care for the poor, an unwed mother who cared for the elderly, and a paralyzed young man who attempted to become a Christian missionary from inside of a poorhouse. Of Native, African, and English descent, these five Rhode Islanders utilized poor relief in various ways. Tracing their involvement with these programs, Loiacono explains the importance of welfare through the first few generations of United States history. In Washington's day, poor relief was both generous and controlling. Two centuries ago, Americans paid for--and many relied on--an astonishing governmental system that provided food, housing, and medical care to those in need. This poor relief system also shaped American households and dictated where Americans could live and work. Recent generations have assumed that welfare is a new development in the United States. This book shows how old welfare is in the United States of America through five little-known, but compelling, life stories.

The Welfare State Nobody Knows

Christopher Howard
The Welfare State Nobody Knows Book PDF

Author : Christopher Howard
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 275 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2021-08-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780691235226

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The Welfare State Nobody Knows by Christopher Howard Pdf

The Welfare State Nobody Knows challenges a number of myths and half-truths about U.S. social policy. The American welfare state is supposed to be a pale imitation of "true" welfare states in Europe and Canada. Christopher Howard argues that the American welfare state is in fact larger, more popular, and more dynamic than commonly believed. Nevertheless, poverty and inequality remain high, and this book helps explain why so much effort accomplishes so little. One important reason is that the United States is adept at creating social programs that benefit the middle and upper-middle classes, but less successful in creating programs for those who need the most help. This book is unusually broad in scope, analyzing the politics of social programs that are well known (such as Social Security and welfare) and less well known but still important (such as workers' compensation, home mortgage interest deduction, and the Americans with Disabilities Act). Although it emphasizes developments in recent decades, the book ranges across the entire twentieth century to identify patterns of policymaking. Methodologically, it weaves together quantitative and qualitative approaches in order to answer fundamental questions about the politics of U.S. social policy. Ambitious and timely, The Welfare State Nobody Knows asks us to rethink the influence of political parties, interest groups, public opinion, federalism, policy design, and race on the American welfare state.

The Hidden Welfare State

Christopher Howard
The Hidden Welfare State Book PDF

Author : Christopher Howard
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 267 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 1999-02-22
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781400822416

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The Hidden Welfare State by Christopher Howard Pdf

Despite costing hundreds of billions of dollars and subsidizing everything from homeownership and child care to health insurance, tax expenditures (commonly known as tax loopholes) have received little attention from those who study American government. This oversight has contributed to an incomplete and misleading portrait of U.S. social policy. Here Christopher Howard analyzes the "hidden" welfare state created by such programs as tax deductions for home mortgage interest and employer-provided retirement pensions, the Earned Income Tax Credit, and the Targeted Jobs Tax Credit. Basing his work on the histories of these four tax expenditures, Howard highlights the distinctive characteristics of all such policies. Tax expenditures are created more routinely and quietly than traditional social programs, for instance, and over time generate unusual coalitions of support. They expand and contract without deliberate changes to individual programs. Howard helps the reader to appreciate the historic links between the hidden welfare state and U.S. tax policy, which accentuate the importance of Congress and political parties. He also focuses on the reasons why individuals, businesses, and public officials support tax expenditures. The Hidden Welfare State will appeal to anyone interested in the origins, development, and structure of the American welfare state. Students of public finance will gain new insights into the politics of taxation. And as policymakers increasingly promote tax expenditures to address social problems, the book offers some sobering lessons about how such programs work.

The Rise of the Military Welfare State

Jennifer Mittelstadt
The Rise of the Military Welfare State Book PDF

Author : Jennifer Mittelstadt
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2015-10-12
Category : History
ISBN : 0674286138

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The Rise of the Military Welfare State by Jennifer Mittelstadt Pdf

Since the end of the draft, the U.S. Army has prided itself on its patriotic volunteers who heed the call to “Be All That You Can Be.” But beneath the recruitment slogans, the army promised volunteers something more tangible: a social safety net including medical and dental care, education, child care, financial counseling, housing assistance, legal services, and other privileges that had long been reserved for career soldiers. The Rise of the Military Welfare State examines how the U.S. Army’s extension of benefits to enlisted men and women created a military welfare system of unprecedented size and scope. America’s all-volunteer army took shape in the 1970s, in the wake of widespread opposition to the draft. Abandoning compulsory conscription, it wrestled with how to attract and retain soldiers—a task made more difficult by the military’s plummeting prestige after Vietnam. The army solved the problem, Jennifer Mittelstadt shows, by promising to take care of its own—the more than ten million Americans who volunteered for active duty after 1973 and their families. While the United States dismantled its civilian welfare system in the 1980s and 1990s, army benefits continued to expand. Yet not everyone was pleased by programs that, in their view, encouraged dependency, infantilized soldiers, and feminized the institution. Fighting to outsource and privatize the army’s “socialist” system and to reinforce “self-reliance” among American soldiers, opponents rolled back some of the military welfare state’s signature achievements, even as a new era of war began.

The Development of Welfare States in Europe and America

Peter Flora,Arnold Joseph Heidenheimer
The Development of Welfare States in Europe and America Book PDF

Author : Peter Flora,Arnold Joseph Heidenheimer
Publisher : Transaction Publishers
Page : 246 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 1981-01-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0878559205

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The Development of Welfare States in Europe and America by Peter Flora,Arnold Joseph Heidenheimer Pdf

This volume seeks to contribute to an interdisciplinary, comparative, and historical study of Western welfare states. It attempts to link their historical dynamics and contemporary problems in an international perspective. Building on collaboration between European-and American-based research groups, the editors have coordinated contributions by economists, political scientists, sociologists, and historians. The developments they analyze cover a time span from the initiation of modern national social policies at the end of the nineteenth century to the present. The experiences of all the presently existing Western European systems except Spain and Portugal are systematically encompassed, with comparisons developed selectively with the experiences of the United States and Canada. The development of the social security systems, of public expenditures!and taxation, of public education and educational opportunities, and of income inequality are described, compared, and analyzed for varying groupings of the Western European and North American nations. This volume addresses itself mainly to two audiences. The first includes all students of policy problems of the welfare states who seek to gain a comparative perspective and historical understanding. A second group may be more interested in the theory and empirical analysis of long-term societal developments. In this context, the growth of the welfare states ranges as a major departure, along with the development of national states and capitalist economies. The welfare state is interpreted as a general phenomenon of modernization, as a product of the increasing differentiation and the growing size of societies on the one hand, and of processes of social and political mobilization on the other. It is an important element of the structural convergence of modern societies -- by its mere weight in all countries -- and at the same time a source of divergence by the variations within its institutional structure.

The Changing Meanings of the Welfare State

Nils Edling
The Changing Meanings of the Welfare State Book PDF

Author : Nils Edling
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2019-01-02
Category : History
ISBN : 9781789201253

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The Changing Meanings of the Welfare State by Nils Edling Pdf

In discussions of economics, governance, and society in the Nordic countries, “the welfare state” is a well-worn analytical concept. However, there has been much less scholarly energy devoted to historicizing this idea beyond its postwar emergence. In this volume, specialists from Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Norway, and Iceland chronicle the historical trajectory of “the welfare state,” tracing the variable ways in which it has been interpreted, valued, and challenged over time. Each case study generates valuable historical insights into not only the history of Northern Europe, but also the welfare state itself as both a phenomenon and a concept.

The American Welfare State

Brian J. Glenn
The American Welfare State Book PDF

Author : Brian J. Glenn
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 104 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2021-11-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781000467499

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The American Welfare State by Brian J. Glenn Pdf

Through a practical introduction to the policies of the American welfare state—a wide-ranging subject much discussed but seldom described—this concise volume details the four main areas of social welfare policy: housing assistance, nutrition assistance, income assistance, and medical assistance. In plain, approachable language, author Brian J. Glenn explains, for example, how Section 8 housing vouchers function, what the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program is, how Medicare has developed, and what Temporary Aid for Needy Families does. Especially in the era of Covid-19 and a recession, there is a need for citizens and students to understand the American social safety net. The American Welfare State is written in a manner that allows a complete novice to understand these programs in a brisk and comprehensive fashion that is both short enough to read over a couple of nights in a course and yet detailed enough for the programs to be understood at quite a nuanced level. In this thoroughly updated second edition, author Brian J. Glenn outlines the ways in which social welfare programs differ, sometimes dramatically, from locality to locality. To help students understand how these policies function, Glenn looks at the support households receive in five cities: Boston, Houston, Kansas City, Los Angeles, and New Orleans. This approach provides not only a geographic spread but also an examination of the variability of support, giving the reader a feel for the range of funding levels and also the variety of ways programs can be implemented. In short, this book is a fully updated and handy teaching and learning tool that fills a huge gap in the literature on a subject that many want to teach but often lack the resources to do.

The Oxford Handbook of U.S. Social Policy

Daniel Béland,Christopher Howard,Kimberly J. Morgan
The Oxford Handbook of U S Social Policy Book PDF

Author : Daniel Béland,Christopher Howard,Kimberly J. Morgan
Publisher : Oxford Handbooks
Page : 689 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : History
ISBN : 9780199838509

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The Oxford Handbook of U.S. Social Policy by Daniel Béland,Christopher Howard,Kimberly J. Morgan Pdf

This handbook provides a survey of the American welfare state. It offers an historical overview of U.S. social policy from the colonial era to the present, a discussion of available theoretical perspectives on it, an analysis of social programmes, and on overview of the U.S. welfare state's consequences for poverty, inequality, and citizenship.

The Welfare State

David Garland
The Welfare State Book PDF

Author : David Garland
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 177 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : POLITICAL SCIENCE
ISBN : 9780199672660

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The Welfare State by David Garland Pdf

This 'Very Short Introduction' discusses the necessity of welfare states in modern capitalist societies. Situating social policy in an historical, sociological, and comparative perspective, David Garland brings a new understanding to familiar debates, policies, and institutions.

European Foundations of the Welfare State

Franz-Xaver Kaufmann
European Foundations of the Welfare State Book PDF

Author : Franz-Xaver Kaufmann
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2012-06-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780857454775

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European Foundations of the Welfare State by Franz-Xaver Kaufmann Pdf

While social welfare programs, often inspired by international organizations, are spreading throughout the world, the more far-reaching notion of governmental responsibility for the basic well-being of all members of a political society is not, although it remains a feature of Europe and the former British Commonwealth. The welfare state in the European sense is not simply an administrative arrangement of various measures of social protection but a political project embedded in distinct cultural traditions. Offering the first accessible account in English of the historical development of the European idea of the welfare state, this book reviews the intellectual foundations which underpinned the road towards the European welfare state, formulates some basic concepts for its understanding, and highlights the differences in the underlying structural and philosophical conditions between continental Europe and the English-speaking world.

The Price of Citizenship

Michael B. Katz
The Price of Citizenship Book PDF

Author : Michael B. Katz
Publisher : Macmillan
Page : 486 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2002-03
Category : History
ISBN : 0805069291

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The Price of Citizenship by Michael B. Katz Pdf

Katz shows how these changes are propelling America toward a future of increased inequality and decreased security as individuals compete for success in an open market with ever fewer protections against misfortune, power, and greed. And he shows how these trends are transforming citizenship from a right of birth into a privilege available only to the fully employed."--Jacket.