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Author : Anastasia L Yang,Grace Wong,Lasse Loft
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 8 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2024-07-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Author : Pham Thu Thuy,Maria Brockhaus,Grace Wong,Le Ngoc Dung,Januarti Sinarra Tjajadi,Lasse Loft,Cecilia Luttrell,Samuel Assembe Mvondo
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 82 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2013-05-08
Category : Deforestation
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
The issue of REDD+ benefit sharing has captured the attention of policymakers and local communities because the success of REDD+ will depend greatly on the design and implementation of its benefit?sharing mechanism. Despite a large body of literature on potential benefit?sharing mechanisms for REDD+, the field has lacked global comparative analyses of national REDD+ policies and of the political?economic influences that can either enable or impede the mechanisms. Similarly, relatively few studies have investigated the political?economic principles underlying existing benefit?sharing policies and approaches. This working paper builds on a study of REDD+ policies in 13 countries to provide a global overview and up?to?date profile of benefit?sharing mechanisms for REDD+ and of the political?economic factors affecting their design and setting. Five types of benefit?sharing models relevant to REDD+ and natural resource management are used to create an organising framework for identifying what does and does not work and to examine the structure of rights under REDD+. The authors also consider the mechanisms in light of five prominent discourses on the question of who should benefit from REDD+ and, by viewing REDD+ through a 3E (effectiveness, efficiency, equity) lens, map out some of the associated risks for REDD+ outcomes. Existing benefit?sharing models and REDD+ projects have generated initial lessons for building REDD+ benefit?sharing mechanisms. However, the relevant policies in the 13 countries studied could lead to carbon ineffectiveness, cost inefficiency and inequity because of weak linkages to performance or results, unclear tenure and carbon rights, under?representation of certain actors, technical and financial issues related to the scope and scale of REDD+, potential elite capture and the possible negative side effects of the decentralisation of authority. Furthermore, the enabling factors for achieving 3E benefit?sharing mechanisms are largely absent from the study countries. Whether REDD+ can catalyse the necessary changes will depend in part on how the costs and benefits of REDD+ are shared, and whether the benefits are sufficient to affect a shift in entrenched behaviour and policies at all levels of government. The successful design and implementation of benefit?sharing mechanisms – and hence the legitimacy and acceptance of REDD+ – depend on having clear objectives, procedural equity and an inclusive process and on engaging in a rigorous analysis of the options for benefit sharing and their potential effects on beneficiaries and climate mitigation efforts.
Author : Wong, G.,Pham, T.T.,Valencia, I.,Luttrell, C.,Larson, A.M.,Yang, A.,Hasan, A.,Kovacevic, M.,Moeliono, M.,Dwisatrio, B.,Sarmiento Barletti, J.P.,
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 94 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2022-08-10
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Author : Arild Angelsen
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 390 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2009-01-01
Category : Climatic changes
ISBN : 9786028693035
REDD+ must be transformational. REDD+ requires broad institutional and governance reforms, such as tenure, decentralisation, and corruption control. These reforms will enable departures from business as usual, and involve communities and forest users in making and implementing policies that a ect them. Policies must go beyond forestry. REDD+ strategies must include policies outside the forestry sector narrowly de ned, such as agriculture and energy, and better coordinate across sectors to deal with non-forest drivers of deforestation and degradation. Performance-based payments are key, yet limited. Payments based on performance directly incentivise and compensate forest owners and users. But schemes such as payments for environmental services (PES) depend on conditions, such as secure tenure, solid carbon data and transparent governance, that are often lacking and take time to change. This constraint reinforces the need for broad institutional and policy reforms. We must learn from the past. Many approaches to REDD+ now being considered are similar to previous e orts to conserve and better manage forests, often with limited success. Taking on board lessons learned from past experience will improve the prospects of REDD+ e ectiveness. National circumstances and uncertainty must be factored in. Di erent country contexts will create a variety of REDD+ models with di erent institutional and policy mixes. Uncertainties about the shape of the future global REDD+ system, national readiness and political consensus require exibility and a phased approach to REDD+ implementation.
Author : Oliver Springate-Baginski,Eva Wollenberg
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2010-01-01
Category : Forest management
ISBN : 9786028693158
Experiences from incentive-based forest management are examined for their effects on the livelihoods of local communities. In the second section, country case studies provide a snapshot of REDD developments to date and identify design features for REDD that would support benefits for forest communities.
Author : Pham, T.T.,Hoang, T.L.,Nguyen, D.T.,Dao, T.L.C.,Ngo, H.C.,Pham, V.H.
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 59 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2019-09-23
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9786023871216
Vietnam is acknowledged to be REDD+ pioneer country, having adopted REDD+ in 2009. This paper is an updated version of Vietnam’s REDD+ Country Profile which was first published by CIFOR in 2012. Our findings show that forest cover has increased since 2012, but enhancing, or even maintaining, forest quality remains a challenge. Drivers of deforestation and degradation in Vietnam, including legal and illegal logging, conversion of forest for national development goals and commercial agriculture, weak law enforcement and weak governance, have persisted since 2012 up to 2017. However, with strong political commitment, the government has made significant progress in addressing major drivers, such as the expansion of hydropower plants and rubber plantations.Since 2012, Vietnam has also signed important international treaties and agreements on trade, such as Voluntary Partnership Agreements (VPAs) through the European Union’s (EU) Forest Law Enforcement. These new policies have enhanced the role of the forestry sector within the overall national economy and provided a strong legal framework and incentives for forestuser groups and government agencies to take part in forest protection and development. Nevertheless, new market rules and international trade patterns also pose significant challenges for Vietnam, where the domestic forestry sector is characterized by state-owned companies and a large number of domestic firms that struggle to comply with these new rules.The climate change policies, national REDD+ strategy and REDD+ institutional setting has been refined and revised over time. However, uncertain and complex international requirements on REDD+ and limited funding have weakened the government’s interest in and political commitment to REDD+. REDD+ policies in Vietnam have shown significant progress in terms of its monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) systems, forest reference emission levels (FREL), and performance-based and benefit-sharing mechanisms by taking into account lessons learnt from its national Payment for Forest Environmental Services (PFES) Scheme. Evidence also shows increasing efforts of government and international communities to ground forestry policies in a participatory decision-making processes and the progress on developing safeguarding policies in Vietnam between 2012 and 2017 affirms the government’s interest in pursuing an equitable REDD+ implementation. Policy documents have fully recognized the need to give civil society organizations (CSOs) and ethnic groups political space and include them in decision making. Yet, participation remains token. Government provision for tenure security and carbon rights for local households are still being developed, with little progress since 2012.The effectiveness of REDD+ policies in addressing drivers of deforestation and degradation has not be proven, even though the revised NRAP has recently been approved. However, the fact that drivers of deforestation and degradation are outside of the forestry sector and have a strong link to national economic development goals points to an uneasy pathway for REDD+. The business case for REDD+ in Vietnam has not been proven, due to an uncertain carbon market, increasing requirements from donors and developed countries, and high transaction and implementation costs. Current efforts toward 3Es outcomes of REDD+ could be enhanced by stronger political commitment to addressing the drivers of deforestation from all sectors, broader changes in policy framework that create both incentives and disincentives for avoiding deforestation and degradation, cross-sectoral collaboration, and committed funding from both the government and developed countries.
Author : Angelsen, A.,Martius, C.,de Sy, V.,Duchelle, A.E.,Larson, A.M.,Pham, T.T.
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2018-12-12
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9786023870790
Constructive critique. This book provides a critical, evidence-based analysis of REDD+ implementation so far, without losing sight of the urgent need to reduce forest-based emissions to prevent catastrophic climate change. REDD+ as envisioned
Author : Arturo Balderas Torres,Margaret McCall Skutsch
Publisher : IUCN
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2014-12-01
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9789968938662
Many environmental and social benefits will result from implementing activities to tackle emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and to promote the conservation of forest carbon stocks, as well as from the sustainable management of forests and carbon enhancements in developing countries (REDD+). Benefit sharing in REDD+ refers to the ways in which the financial benefits resulting from these activities will be distributed among different local stakeholders within a country. It is necessary to create ad hoc institutional frameworks and design equitable and transparent benefit sharing schemes such that the rewards may be distributed among all the many stakeholders within the country who have in some way participated in the achievements. This report presents a summary of the gaps and problems in the design of benefit sharing schemes, focusing particularly on the need to develop pro-poor schemes, and includes the Forest Dialogues' main recommendations and suggestions. An assessment of both the challenges and the potential paths for implementation is included in the example provided by the case of implementation of REDD+ in Mexico.
Author : Lasse Loft,Pham Thu Thuy,Cecilia Luttrell
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 12 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2014-04-02
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Where benefits and costs accrue at different scales, financial intermediaries are needed to facilitate relations between global-scale buyers and local-scale providers of carbon sequestration and storage. These intermediaries can help to collect and distribute payments and to promote the scheme to potential beneficiaries. The benefits distributed should compensate for the transaction, opportunity and implementation costs incurred by stakeholders for providing ecosystem services. Therefore, calculating the costs and understanding who incurs them are essential for benefit sharing. Targeting benefits according to a set of criteria that match the objectives of the specific mechanism increases the mechanism’s efficiency. As the level of performance-based payments may not be able to compete with the opportunity costs of highly profitable land uses, performance-related benefit-sharing mechanisms should be focused on areas with moderate opportunity costs. Benefits should be divided into upfront payments to cover startup costs and to give an initial incentive for participation, and payments upon delivery of ecosystem services to ensure adherence to conditionality.
Author : John Costenbader
Publisher : World Conservation Union
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Law
ISBN : STANFORD:36105134518070
Design Implementation at the National Level.
Author : Elisa Morgera
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 439 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2012-10-11
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781139789646
This collection of essays comprehensively and systematically analyzes the various instruments and innovative approaches through which the EU is forging its external environmental policy, the legal implications of its multifaceted practice and interactions with international environmental law. It explains the legal and institutional framework for EU external action on environmental protection and sustainable development, identifying the changes introduced, and challenges posed, by the Lisbon Treaty. It explores key tools and trends in defining and implementing EU external policy across a broad range of environmental issues, as well as linkages with trade and human rights. It also assesses the reciprocal influences between the development and implementation of EU environmental law and of international environmental law.
Author : Shintia Dian Arwida,Sofi Mardiah,Cecilia Luttrell
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 12 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2015-05-19
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Author : Trench, T.,Larson, A.M.,Libert Amico, A.,Ravikumar, A.
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2018-03-16
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Who makes land use decisions, how are decisions made, and who influences whom, how and why? This working paper is part of a series based on research studying multilevel decision-making institutions and processes. The series is aimed at providing insight i
Author : Simon Butt,Rosemary Lyster,Tim Stephens
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2015-02-11
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781317563716
Deforestation in tropical rainforest countries is one of the largest contributors to human-induced climate change. Deforestation, especially in the tropics, contributes around 20 per cent of annual global greenhouse gas emissions, and, in the case of Indonesia, amounts to 85 per cent of its annual emissions from human activities. This book provides a comprehensive assessment of the emerging legal and policy frameworks for managing forests as a key means to address climate change. The authors uniquely combine an assessment of the international rules for forestry governance with a detailed assessment of the legal and institutional context of Indonesia; one of the most globally important test case jurisdictions for the effective roll-out of ‘Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation’ (REDD). Using Indonesia as a key case study, the book explores challenges that heavily forested States face in resource management to address climate mitigation imperatives, such as providing safeguards for local communities and indigenous peoples. This book will be of great relevance to students, scholars and policymakers with an interest in international environmental law, climate change and environment and sustainability studies in general.
Author : Francisco J. Lozano,Alberto Mendoza,Arturo Molina
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 307 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2021-08-10
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783030756611
Without energy, there is no well-functioning economy, besides facing social risks. This book provides a systemic approach to energy in Mexico and its relations to the USA arising from the energy reform of the former. It covers the transition from fossil fuels to a low-carbon economy, relying heavily on renewable sources and mitigating climate change risks. Several human knowledge disciplines and topics are covered in the book, including public policy, economics, transboundary issues, electricity and thermal energy, residual biomass use, distributed energy systems and its management, and decision-making tools. An analysis is considered regarding energy issues interaction in the Mexican-USA border, which differ in both countries from pricing and policy, and the work and research that has been developed for transboundary energy trade.