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Analyzing multilevel governance in Mexico by Trench, T.,Larson, A.M.,Libert Amico, A.,Ravikumar, A. Pdf
Who makes land use decisions, how are decisions made, and who influences whom, how and why? This working paper is part of a series based on research studying multilevel decision-making institutions and processes. The series is aimed at providing insight i
Policy analysis in Mexico by Mendez, Jose Luis,Dussauge-Laguna, Mauricio I. Pdf
Part of the International Library of Policy Analysis series, this book provides the first detailed examination of the practice of policy analysis in Mexico. Whilst shaped by the legacy of the Mexican state’s colonial history as well as by recent social, economic and political developments, the study of policy analysis within Mexico provides important comparative lessons for other countries. Contributors study the nature of policy analysis at different sectors and levels of government as well as by non-governmental actors, such as unions, business, NGOs and the media, promoting the use of evidence-based policy analysis, leading to better policy results. The book is a vital resource for academics and students of policy studies, public management, political science and comparative policy studies.
Can multilevel governance transform business-as-usual trajectories driving deforestation? Lessons for REDD+ and beyond by Cerutti, P.O.,Gumbo, D.J.,Moombe, K.B.,Schoneveld, G.C.,Nasi, R.,Borchard, N.,Weng, X. Pdf
Key messages REDD+ is an inherently multilevel process that requires attention across diverse levels and sectors of governance to bring about change on the ground.REDD+ strategies often focus on direct drivers of deforestatio
Multilevel governance and land use in Chiapas and Yucatan by Trench, T.,Larson, A.M.,Libert Amico, A. Pdf
Key messages In Mexico, land-use policy is fraught with centralizing tendencies, and different sectors often have incompatible (rural) development agendas. This inhibits successful innovation and a 'made to fit' territorial approach to low emissions development.Although formally REDD+ is advancing, in practice there exist doubts, tensions and competing visions regarding implementation. The designation of a forestry agency without the rank of ministry — CONAFOR — for the implementation of REDD+ has challenged the socialization of the REDD+ message throughout other sectors.CONAFOR's special programs in REDD+ early action areas revealed a forest-centered, conservationist approach rather than the sustainable management goals and low emissions development expressed in Mexico's policy documents (including the National REDD+ Strategy).Civil society has been active in supporting and strengthening environmental policy in the context of REDD+. However, there are concerns that many nongovernmental organizations do not actually represent rural inhabitants and forest owners, while grassroots productive organizations have largely been left out of the debate.
The politics of REDD+ MRV in Mexico by Deschamps Ramírez, P.,Larson, A.M. Pdf
Since 2009, CIFOR has conducted a multi-donor funded Global Comparative Study on REDD+ (GCS-REDD+) in 10 countries (Indonesia, Brazil, Bolivia, Cameroon, Peru, Tanzania, Vietnam, DR Congo, Nepal and Mexico). The project began as a four-year global research study on first-generation REDD+ demonstration and readiness activities and has since expanded to address a number of related topics, including multilevel governance in REDD+ benefit sharing and land use decisions. REDD+ is a multilevel process, and issues of scale, power and politics apply to both land use decisions and the institutions set up as part of REDD+ and other initiatives aimed at improving landscape governance. The nature and extent of multilevel communication and coordination influence the legitimacy of the institutions and processes established. It is thus necessary to analyze the political and economic challenges and opportunities behind technical processes such as Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) systems. This occasional paper focuses on Mexico’s approach to REDD+ MRV and the interplay between national and state levels. It aims to increase understanding about the interests and levels of understanding of the different actors involved in REDD+ MRV, why their visions vary, how coordination functions across actors and scales and the underlying factors that affect it. The paper identifies challenges and opportunities and provides insights on how the process can be improved to create a multilevel REDD+ MRV system that responds to the different needs and interests of national, state and local actors. The lessons from Mexico are also relevant for other countries engaged in this process.
Analyzing multilevel governance in Peru: Lessons for REDD+ from the study of land-use change and benefit sharing in Madre de Dios, Ucayali and San Martin by Laura F Kowler,Ashwin Ravikumar,Anne M Larson,Dawn Rodriguez-Ward,Carol Burga,Jazmin Gonzales Tovar Pdf
Who makes land use decisions, how are decisions made, and who influences whom, how and why? This working paper is part of a series based on research studying multilevel decision-making institutions and processes. The series is aimed at providing insight into why efforts to keep forests standing, such as initiatives like Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+), are still so far from altering development trajectories. It underlines the importance of understanding the politics of multilevel governance in forest, land and climate policy and practice, and identifies potential ways forward.
National Climate Change Acts by Thomas L Muinzer Pdf
This groundbreaking book collects contributions from many of the world's leading climate and energy law scholars and provides the first major study of national Climate Change Acts. This cutting-edge type of legislation originated with the first Climate Change Act framework which was passed in the United Kingdom in 2008, and is intended to enable the law to grapple effectively with one of the great problems of our times, anthropogenic climate change. Since 2008, national framework climate legislation has been slowly but steadily emerging in countries across the world. This trailblazing collection employs a comparative analytical legal methodology and offers the first comprehensive study of this new, innovative form of legislative regime. In addition to containing broad internationalist chapters, deep-dive national case study chapters are included that focus on individual countries and provide analytical depth. A final chapter draws together the threads of the book's foregoing contributions to deduce generalisable conceptual insights based on current knowledge and experience. Uniquely, the book provides a conceptual model for Climate Change Acts that can usefully inform the development of national framework climate legislation in all countries.
Analysis of the German EXIST-II-Program and Its Transferability to Mexico by Claudia Erika Gutiérrez Díaz Pdf
The promotion of entrepreneurship in higher education appears in the political spectrum as a new economic policy arena. In this field policy blanks and new kinds of problems need to be addressed. Scholars agree that many of the current structures and models in higher education do not fit the necessary requirements for the development of entrepreneurship training. New perspectives in this field can be gained through an analysis of the feasibility of a policy transfer of the German EXIST-II-Program to Mexico. This program was developed to address the entrepreneurial potential within higher educational institutions through the coordination of entrepreneurial efforts carried out by regional, national and supranational actors. An empirical analysis of the objectives, regulations, actors and governance, personnel (staff), financial resources, beneficiaries and output of the program as well as a comparative study of Germany versus Mexico in this book demonstrates under what conditions the transfer of know-how from Germany, specifically from the EXIST-II-Program to universities in Mexico could be implemented. The research offers alternatives to improve the current ongoing initiatives in Mexico.
Spheres of Governance by Harvey Lazar,Christian Leuprecht Pdf
Local governments are becoming increasingly important around the world and functions are being shifted across levels of government. This timely comparative analysis breaks new ground in the study of multilevel governance, intergovernmental relations, and municipal government. Spheres of Governance systematically compares the challenges faced by municipalities in Australia, France, Germany, Mexico, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, and the United States, with emphasis on the relationship between the municipal and federal levels. Each chapter analyzes a municipality in relation to its responsibilities, functions, and organization; constitutional and fiscal position; relations with the central government; provincial and state governments mediation of these relationships; and public policy development, especially with regard to emergency planning and immigration and settlement. The chapters also highlight the tensions and pressures for change in the systems.
Analyzing multilevel governance in Indonesia: Lessons for REDD+ from the study of landuse change in Central and West Kalimantan by Rodd Myers,Anna JP Sanders,Anne M Larson,Rut Dini Prasti H,Ashwin Ravikumar Pdf
Who makes land use decisions, how are decisions made, and who influences whom, how and why? This working paper is part of a series based on research studying multilevel decision-making institutions and processes. The series is aimed at providing insight into why efforts to keep forests standing, such as initiatives like Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+), are still so far from altering development trajectories. It underlines the importance of understanding the politics of multilevel governance in forest, land and climate policy and practice, and identifies potential ways forward.
Transforming REDD+ by Angelsen, A.,Martius, C.,de Sy, V.,Duchelle, A.E.,Larson, A.M.,Pham, T.T. Pdf
Constructive critique. This book provides a critical, evidence-based analysis of REDD+ implementation so far, without losing sight of the urgent need to reduce forest-based emissions to prevent catastrophic climate change. REDD+ as envisioned
Bodies at Borders: Analyzing the Objectification and Containment of Migrants at Border Crossing by Louise Ryan,Izabela Grabowska,Vidal Romero,María Encarnación López Pdf
By the end of 2020, the number of forcibly displaced people globally had reached 82.4 million as a result of persecution, conflict, violence, human rights violations and events seriously disturbing public order (UNHCR, 2021). Efforts to prevent these people from crossing national boundaries have resulted in draconian legislation and the vilification of migrants at various international borders. In the Mediterranean, at the border with ‘fortress Europe’, there have been thousands of fatalities as migrants risk the treacherous crossing in tiny boats. The so-called ‘weaponization of migration’ is apparent in recent events on the Polish-Belarussian border as hundreds of asylum seekers are trapped between rival forces of armed soldiers. Under the UK government's 'hostile environment' policy, many legal immigration routes have been closed, and the rights of asylum seekers have been severely curtailed. The so-called 'migrant caravan', which began in Honduras in October 2018, prompted the US and Mexican governments to deploy active-duty military officers to the border, creating more chaos in the area.
Dynamics and Conflicts in a Cross-Border Region by Mónica Toussaint,Marisol Garzón Pdf
This volume explores several issues pertinent to the history of the cross-border region between Mexico, Guatemala and Belize from new explanatory approaches in order to reflect on a history and a reality that are shared by three neighbouring societies, emphasizing the actors and local practices that shape cross-border dynamics. This analysis is contributed by eight specialists who study aspects that are fundamental to our understanding of a process involving various persons and institutions in a specific space. Dynamics and Conflicts in a Cross-Border Region addresses an issue of current relevance through studies that focus on the problems inhabitants of the region have faced over the years: the realities of a porous border; the existence of family, trade and cultural ties that surpass the administrative limits negotiated by the states late in the 19th century; the impact of the internal conflicts of neighbour countries in the border space; experiences of exile and refuge at the border and the violence they entail; the role of local authorities in managing regional problems; the pending task of cross-border territorial organization; the efforts of local institutions to promote regional development; and the presence of phenomena like contraband, drug trafficking, organized crime and human trafficking in an increasingly complex and challenging space. This provides a way to use the region’s history as a springboard for conceiving of mechanisms by which we can together face the challenges presented today to the inhabitants of the cross-border region between Mexico, Guatemala and Belize. This book will be a valuable resource for students and scholars of Latin American history and Social History.
MRV for REDD+ in Mexico by Deschamps, P.,Cisneros, N.,Larson, A.M. Pdf
Key messages The monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) of activities carried out for REDD+ in Mexico can shed some light on the challenges that could be faced when complying with the provisions of the Paris Agreement and the enhanced transparency framework (ETF) it establishes. Addressing the concerns presented by multiple stakeholders on several levels will contribute to highlighting transparency, in accordance with the ETF.National and subnational stakeholders should make an effort to officially clarify the objectives and scope of the National Monitoring, Reporting and Verification System (SNMRV); and of subnational stakeholder participation (institutional arrangements, times, inputs, outputs, roles, and responsibilities); and how to establish complementariness with other national and subnational monitoring initiatives.The experience and knowledge of subnational stakeholders can improve and enrich MRV in Mexico, since its efforts, interests and needs go beyond the simple monitoring of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that the SNMRV has performed so far.Long-term institutionalization should be ensured for REDD+ and the MRV system at the different government levels to overcome changes associated with political cycles and ensure the continuity of financial, technical and administrative efforts. Given that budget cuts have affected public administration in Mexico, more stakeholders and funding sources (private sector, academia, civil society, foundations) should support technical requirements for MRV and other monitoring initiatives.Interviewed national and subnational stakeholders valued the implementation of the national initiative for the reduction of forest emissions (IRE) through the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) and the mechanisms to strengthen subnational stakeholders (such as the Governors’ Climate and Forests Task Force, GCF), as well as opportunities to clarify questions on MRV procedures and empower the states for decision-making.
