What Quantitative And Qualitative Methods Have Been Developed To Measure Health Related Community Resilience At A National And Local Level

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 62 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2018-10-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789289053624

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What quantitative and qualitative methods have been developed to measure health-related community resilience at a national and local level? by Anonim Pdf

Community resilience is the ability of communities and groups to adapt and thrive in response to external stressors. Building resilient communities as a strategy for population health requires assessment of personal and collective capacities alongside vulnerabilities. This report examines what quantitative and qualitative methods can be used to measure health-related community resilience at national and local levels. Evidence from a rapid review of 33 studies highlighted various methodological challenges. Measurement strategies mostly drawn from the field of community disaster resilience include population-level frameworks mixed methods assessment tools and qualitative and participatory case studies. The main conclusions are that measurement of health-related community resilience should cover multiple domains (economic social health skills political and environment) and consider local context and assets. Three stages of policy development are suggested: selection of a set of key indicators to collect data on community resilience creation of a learning network to share knowledge and tools and development of a comprehensive measurement framework.

Author : Centers of Disease Control
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2019-02-11
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789289053433

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European Health Report 2018: More Than Numbers - Evidence for All by Centers of Disease Control Pdf

With the half-way point in the implementation period of Health 2020 having been crossed this report reflects on the effect that the policy has had on the Region. Like its predecessors in 2012 and 2015 the 2018 report is an essential resource for the 53 Member States of the WHO European Region to report on progress towards the Health 2020 targets outlining areas that may be unfinished by 2020 and beyond. Lessons learned from across the Region on action taken by the WHO Regional Office for Europe and Member States to improve the health and well-being of their populations are presented. The report also addresses the new public health challenges that have emerged in recent years. To respond effectively to these challenges new forms of evidence are essential to measure health and well-being in different cultural and subjective contexts. This is particularly important in the context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals whose health indicators overlap significantly with those for Health 2020. The report will be a useful source of information for policy-makers throughout the Region helping them identify areas that need further assessment and policy action at the national level. It should inspire Member States and other stakeholders to contribute to the work under the umbrella of the WHO European Health Information Initiative: a collaboration between the Regional Office European institutions and Member States aimed at improving the information that underpins policy. Only through broad international cooperation and bold strides in the way evidence is used in the 21st century will evidence fully inform health policy-making for the benefit of all.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Office of Special Projects,Committee on Measuring Community Resilience
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 153 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2019-05-26
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309489720

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Building and Measuring Community Resilience by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Office of Special Projects,Committee on Measuring Community Resilience Pdf

The frequency and severity of disasters over the last few decades have presented unprecedented challenges for communities across the United States. In 2005, Hurricane Katrina exposed the complexity and breadth of a deadly combination of existing community stressors, aging infrastructure, and a powerful natural hazard. In many ways, the devastation of Hurricane Katrina was a turning point for understanding and managing disasters, as well as related plan making and policy formulation. It brought the phrase "community resilience" into the lexicon of disaster management. Building and Measuring Community Resilience: Actions for Communities and the Gulf Research Program summarizes the existing portfolio of relevant or related resilience measurement efforts and notes gaps and challenges associated with them. It describes how some communities build and measure resilience and offers four key actions that communities could take to build and measure their resilience in order to address gaps identified in current community resilience measurement efforts. This report also provides recommendations to the Gulf Research Program to build and measure resilience in the Gulf of Mexico region.

Author : National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Resilient America Roundtable,Committee on Measures of Community Resilience: From Lessons Learned to Lessons Applied
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 113 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2015-03-26
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309347419

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Developing a Framework for Measuring Community Resilience by National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Resilient America Roundtable,Committee on Measures of Community Resilience: From Lessons Learned to Lessons Applied Pdf

The 2012 National Research Council report Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative highlighted the challenges of increasing national resilience in the United States. One finding of the report was that "without numerical means of assessing resilience, it would be impossible to identify the priority needs for improvement, to monitor changes, to show that resilience had improved, or to compare the benefits of increasing resilience with the associated costs." Although measuring resilience is a challenge, metrics and indicators to evaluate progress, and the data necessary to establish the metric, are critical for helping communities to clarify and formalize what the concept of resilience means for them, and to support efforts to develop and prioritize resilience investments. One of the recommendations from the 2012 report stated that government entities at federal, state, and local levels and professional organizations should partner to help develop a framework for communities to adapt to their circumstances and begin to track their progress toward increasing resilience. To build upon this recommendation and begin to help communities formulate such a framework, the Resilient America Roundtable of the National Academies convened the workshop Measures of Community Resilience: From Lessons Learned to Lessons Applied on September 5, 2014 in Washington, D.C. The workshop's overarching objective was to begin to develop a framework of measures and indicators that could support community efforts to increase their resilience. The framework will be further developed through feedback and testing in pilot and other partner communities that are working with the Resilient America Roundtable. This report is a summary of the one-day workshop, which consisted of a keynote address and two panel sessions in the morning and afternoon breakout sessions that began the discussion on how to develop a framework of resilience measures.

Author : National Academies,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy,Committee on Increasing National Resilience to Hazards and Disasters
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309261500

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Disaster Resilience by National Academies,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy,Committee on Increasing National Resilience to Hazards and Disasters Pdf

No person or place is immune from disasters or disaster-related losses. Infectious disease outbreaks, acts of terrorism, social unrest, or financial disasters in addition to natural hazards can all lead to large-scale consequences for the nation and its communities. Communities and the nation thus face difficult fiscal, social, cultural, and environmental choices about the best ways to ensure basic security and quality of life against hazards, deliberate attacks, and disasters. Beyond the unquantifiable costs of injury and loss of life from disasters, statistics for 2011 alone indicate economic damages from natural disasters in the United States exceeded $55 billion, with 14 events costing more than a billion dollars in damages each. One way to reduce the impacts of disasters on the nation and its communities is to invest in enhancing resilience-the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from and more successfully adapt to adverse events. Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative addresses the broad issue of increasing the nation's resilience to disasters. This book defines "national resilience", describes the state of knowledge about resilience to hazards and disasters, and frames the main issues related to increasing resilience in the United States. It also provide goals, baseline conditions, or performance metrics for national resilience and outlines additional information, data, gaps, and/or obstacles that need to be addressed to increase the nation's resilience to disasters. Additionally, the book's authoring committee makes recommendations about the necessary approaches to elevate national resilience to disasters in the United States. Enhanced resilience allows better anticipation of disasters and better planning to reduce disaster losses-rather than waiting for an event to occur and paying for it afterward. Disaster Resilience confronts the topic of how to increase the nation's resilience to disasters through a vision of the characteristics of a resilient nation in the year 2030. Increasing disaster resilience is an imperative that requires the collective will of the nation and its communities. Although disasters will continue to occur, actions that move the nation from reactive approaches to disasters to a proactive stance where communities actively engage in enhancing resilience will reduce many of the broad societal and economic burdens that disasters can cause.

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1768 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Administrative agencies
ISBN : IND:30000144560616

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Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations for 2013 by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies Pdf

Author : Centers of Disease Control
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2018-10-11
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789289053600

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What Quantitative and Qualitative Methods Have Been Developed to Measure Community Empowerment at a National Level? by Centers of Disease Control Pdf

Community empowerment has been frequently studied at subnational levels but it is less clear how to measure it at a national level. Mixed methods approaches would be advantageous using quantitative data from databases plus qualitative information to derive a range of variables and indicators. This report identifies assessment methods that have been used and evidence for integrating qualitative and quantitative data for national assessments. When resources are limited or there is no current practice of measurement of community empowerment the simplest approach is to combine a selection of quantitative variables and indicators available in statistical databases. When resources can be allocated a more systematic approach would supplement such accessible data with some form of rapid qualitative assessment. Ideally a formal national monitoring and evaluation system would be instituted that collects all the relevant quantitative and qualitative data and combines these into a regularly updated assessment.

Author : Dennis J. Parker,Edmund C. Penning-Rowsell
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 255 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2021-08-26
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781000437485

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Environmental Hazards and Resilience by Dennis J. Parker,Edmund C. Penning-Rowsell Pdf

Building resilience to the world’s increasingly damaging environmental hazards has become a priority. This book considers the scientific advances which have been made around the world to enhance this resilience. Although resilience is not new, it is through the idea of resilience that governments, organisations, and communities around the world are now seeking to address the rapidly increasing losses that environmental hazards cause so that fewer lives are lost, and damage is reduced. Alternative ideas and approaches have been helpful in reducing loss, but resilience offers a fresh and potentially effective means of reducing it further. Adopting a scientific approach and scientific evidence is important in applying the resilience idea in hazard mitigation. However, the science of resilience is at an immature stage of development with much discussion about the concept and how it should be understood and interpreted. Building useful theories remains a challenge although some of the building blocks of theory have been developed. More attention has been given to developing indicators and frameworks of resilience which are subsequently applied to measure resilience to hazards such as flooding, earthquake, and climate change. Environmental Hazards and Resilience: Theory and Evidence considers the scientific and theoretical challenges of making progress in applying resilience to environmental hazard mitigation and provides examples from around the world – including the USA, New Zealand, China, Bangladesh and elsewhere. The chapters in this book were originally published in the Environmental Hazards.

Author : Emily Polk
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 201 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2015-04-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780739198544

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Communicating Global to Local Resiliency by Emily Polk Pdf

This book explores the communication processes of the Transition Movement, a community-led global social movement, as it was adapted in a local context. First it analyzes how the movement’s grand narratives of responding to “climate change” and creating greater “resiliency” were communicated into local community-based stories, responses, and actions in the Transition Town of Amherst, Massachusetts. Second, it seeks to understand the multilayered communication processes that facilitate these actions toward sustainable social change. Transition Amherst developed and/or supported projects that addressed reducing dependency on peak-oil, creating community-based-local economies, supporting sustainable food production and consumption, and participating in more efficient transportation, among others. The popularity of the model coincides with an increase in the interest in and use of the term “sustainability” by media, academics and policymakers around the world, and an increase in the global use of digital technology as a resource for information gathering and sharing. Thus this book situates itself at the intersections of a global environmental and economic crisis, the popularization of the term “sustainability,” and an increasingly digitized and networked global society in order to better understand how social change is contextualized and facilitated in a local community via a global network. This book is the first comprehensive analysis of the ways in which the theories of Transition are applied over an extended period of time in practice, on the ground in a Transition town.

Author : Linchuan Yang,Bao-Jie He,Long Cheng,Yibin Ao,Ruoyu Wang
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 1001 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2023-08-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832529706

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The physical environment and health: Implications for the planning and management of healthy cities by Linchuan Yang,Bao-Jie He,Long Cheng,Yibin Ao,Ruoyu Wang Pdf

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Resilient America Roundtable,Committee on Processes and Objectives for Community Measures of Resilience
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 53 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2017-03-16
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309391894

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Measures of Community Resilience for Local Decision Makers by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Resilient America Roundtable,Committee on Processes and Objectives for Community Measures of Resilience Pdf

The 2012 National Research Council report, Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative, identified the development and use of resilience measures as critical to building resilient communities. Although many kinds of resilience measures and measuring tools have and continue to be developed, very few communities consistently use them as part of their planning or resilience building efforts. Since federal or top-down programs to build resilience often yield mixed results, bottom-up approaches are needed, but are often difficult for communities to implement alone. A major challenge for many communities in developing their own approaches to resilience measures is identifying a starting point and defining the process. Other challenges include lack of political will due to competing priorities and limited resources, finite time and staff to devote to developing resilience measures, lack of data availability and/or inadequate data sharing among community stakeholders, and a limited understanding of hazards and/or risks. Building on existing work, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine organized a workshop in July 2015 to facilitate the exchange of knowledge and information about ways to advance the development and implementation of resilience measures by and within diverse communities. Participants worked to gain a better understanding of the challenges these communities face in the pursuit of resilience and determine whether the approach used during this workshop can help guide communities in their efforts to build their own measures of resilience. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Community-Based Solutions to Promote Health Equity in the United States
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 583 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2017-04-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309452960

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Communities in Action by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Community-Based Solutions to Promote Health Equity in the United States Pdf

In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

Author : Centers of Disease Control
Publisher : WHO Regional Office for Europe
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2019-02-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9289053933

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What quantitative and qualitative methods have been developed to measure the implementation of a life-course approach in public health policies at the national level? (2019) by Centers of Disease Control Pdf

A life-course approach to health and well-being has become a pillar in health policy-making; for example, Member States of the WHO European Region in the 2015 Minsk Declaration resolved to make greater use of a life-course approach in health policies. However, strategies for implementation of a life-course approach, and a plan for monitoring and evaluating this implementation, are lacking. This scoping review identified a lack of literature with a focus on measurement of the implementation of a life-course approach. The report provides suggestions from research on a life-course approach in public health interventions and national-level strategies that could aid policy-makers in developing a measurement framework. For example, Member States using a life-course approach in policy at a population level could report on existing interventions in key stages of the life-course using existing survey platforms and routinely collected quantitative data. Ideally, a monitoring and evaluation framework collecting data longitudinally across different life stages over time should be created for Member States.

Author : Nahid Rezwana,Rachel Pain
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 169 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2022-12-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000819601

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Gender-Based Violence and Layered Disasters by Nahid Rezwana,Rachel Pain Pdf

This book investigates the widespread and persistent relationship between disasters and gender-based violence, drawing on new research with victim-survivors to show how the two forms of harm constitute ‘layered disasters’ in particular places, intensifying and reproducing one another. The evidence is now overwhelming that disasters and gender-based violence are closely connected, not just in moments of crisis but in the years that follow as the social, economic and environmental impacts of disasters play out. This book addresses two key gaps in research. First, it examines what causes the relationship between disasters and gender-based violence to be so widespread and so enduring. Second, it highlights victim-survivors’ own accounts of gender-based violence and disasters. It does so by presenting findings from original research on cyclones and flooding in Bangladesh and the UK and a review of global evidence on the Covid-19 pandemic. Drawing on feminist theories, it conceptualises the coincidence of gender-based violence, disasters and other aggravating factors in particular places as ‘layered disasters.’ Taking an intersectional approach that emphasises the connections between culture, place, patriarchy, racism, poverty, settler-colonialism, environmental degradation and climate change, the authors show the significance of gender-based violence in creating vulnerability to future disasters. Forefronting victim-survivors’ experiences and understandings, the book explores the important role of trauma, and how those affected go about the process of survival and recovery. Understanding disasters as layered casts light on why tackling gender-based violence must be a key priority in disaster planning, management and recovery. The book concludes by exploring critiques of existing formal responses, which often ignore or underplay gender-based violence. The book will be of interest to all those interested in understanding the causes and impacts of disasters, as well as scholars and researchers of gender and gender-based violence.

Author : Anita Chandra
Publisher : Rand Corporation
Page : 104 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780833052094

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Building Community Resilience to Disasters by Anita Chandra Pdf

Community resilience, or the sustained ability of a community to withstand and recover from adversity has become a key policy issue at federal, state, and local levels, including in the National Health Security Strategy. Because resources are limited in the wake of an emergency, it is increasingly recognized that resilience is critical to a community's ability to reduce long recovery periods after an emergency. This report provides a roadmap for federal, state, and local leaders who are developing plans to enhance community resilience for health security threats and describes options for building community resilience in key areas. Based on findings from a literature review and a series of community and regional focus groups, the authors provide a definition of community resilience in the context of national health security and a set of eight levers and five core components for building resilience. They then describe suggested activities that communities are pursuing and may want to strengthen for community resilience, and they identify challenges to implementation.