Will Promotion Of Agricultural Mechanization Help Prevent Child Labour

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,International Food Policy Research Institute
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 22 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2021-11-18
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789251353127

Get Book

Will promotion of agricultural mechanization help prevent child labour? by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,International Food Policy Research Institute Pdf

The FAO-IFPRI study, of which this policy brief is a summary, focuses on the use of tractors because they are among the most versatile farm mechanization tools and are universal power sources for all other driven implements and equipment in agriculture, with significant potential to replace animal draught power and human power, including children’s muscle power. Tractor use is typically also the first type of machine-powered equipment in use at lower levels of agricultural development, the context where most child labour is found. Mechanization is mostly assumed to reduce child labour, as it is expected to be labour saving in general. Yet, this is not always the case, as it has also been observed that the use of tractors and other machinery could increase children’s engagement in farm activities. This may be the case if, for instance, their use allows farms to cultivate larger areas, or if it leads to shifting chores of work from hired labor to family workers, e.g. for weeding edges of farmland not reachable by machinery. Evidence has been scant thus far, but the few available studies have mostly lent greater support to the hypothesis that mechanization reduces children’s productive engagement. Most available studies have focused on specific cases and based on scant data. The new FAO-IFPRI study provides a rigorous quantitative assessment for seven developing countries in Asia (India, Nepal and Viet Nam) and sub-Saharan Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria and Tanzania) based on comparable farm household survey data.

Author : Vos, Rob,Takeshima, Hiroyuki
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2021-12-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

Get Book

Agricultural mechanisation and child labour in developing countries by Vos, Rob,Takeshima, Hiroyuki Pdf

Child labour in agriculture remains a global concern. Agriculture is the sector where most child labour is found. Employment of children mostly relates to farm household poverty in developing countries. This raises the question of the extent to which the modernisation of agriculture prevents the use of child labour while also leading to higher productivity. One of the central questions in this context is whether agricultural mechanisation helps limit children’s employment. Available studies have put forward opposing hypotheses, but rigorous empirical evidence is scant. The present study aims to fill some of this void by studying the evidence from comparable farm household survey data in seven developing countries, including three in Asia (India, Nepal, and Vietnam) and four in sub-Saharan Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria, and Tanzania). Various key findings emerge. First, many children are found to engage in productive activities in studied countries. The prevalence is particularly high in African countries, such as in Ethiopia where more than one third of children aged 5-14 years engage in farm or off-farm work. Second, while the prevalence of child labour in agriculture (i.e., when productive engagement is detrimental to schooling and child growth) is much lower (at 10% or less in seven countries), they are still sizable in absolute terms; at least 6 million children in these countries partake in agricultural work at the expense of opportunities in adulthood. Third, agricultural mechanization, reflected in farm household’s use of machinery such as tractors, significantly reduces the likelihood of use of children’s labour and increases school attendance. Fourth, the measured impacts of mechanization are only modest, however, and likely indirect, that is, dependent on the extent to which mechanization helps improve household income and on local conditions (such as quality of rural infrastructure and accessibility of education and other social services). Overall, promotion of agricultural mechanization can help prevent use of child labour. To be truly impactful, however, related support measures should be embedded in broader strategies to enable agricultural productivity growth and improve livelihoods of poor rural households.

Author : Takeshima, H., Vos, R.
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2022-03-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789251357323

Get Book

Agricultural mechanization and child labour in developing countries by Takeshima, H., Vos, R. Pdf

The FAO-IFPRI study, focuses on the use of tractors because they are among the most versatile farm mechanization tools and are universal power sources for all other driven implements and equipment in agriculture, with significant potential to replace animal draught power and human power, including children’s muscle power. Tractor use is typically also the first type of machine-powered equipment in use at lower levels of agricultural development, the context where most child labour is found. Mechanization is mostly assumed to reduce child labour, as it is expected to be labour saving in general. Yet, this is not always the case, as it has also been observed that the use of tractors and other machinery could increase children’s engagement in farm activities. This may be the case if, for instance, their use allows farms to cultivate larger areas, or if it leads to shifting chores of work from hired labor to family workers, e.g. for weeding edges of farmland not reachable by machinery. Evidence has been scant thus far, but the few available studies have mostly lent greater support to the hypothesis that mechanization reduces children’s productive engagement. Most available studies have focused on specific cases and based on scant data. The new FAO-IFPRI study provides a rigorous quantitative assessment for seven developing countries in Asia (India, Nepal and Viet Nam) and sub-Saharan Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria and Tanzania) based on comparable farm household survey data.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2022-03-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789251358443

Get Book

Report of the Global Solutions Forum: Acting together to end child labour in agriculture by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

On 2–3 November 2021, to mobilize global action and highlight concrete solutions to eradicate child labour in agriculture, FAO, in close collaboration with the International Labour Organization (ILO) and in partnership with the International Partnership for Cooperation on Child Labour in Agriculture (IPCCLA) and the Alliance 8.7, organized a high-level virtual event: the Global Solutions Forum (GSF). The objectives of the GSF were to raise the voices and commitment of agricultural stakeholders, share game-changing solutions, and identify ways to step up concerted action to prevent and end child labour in all agricultural subsectors. The outcomes of the event are expected to inform the V Global Conference on Child Labour in 2022, along with other global initiatives such as the United Nations Decade of Family Farming.

Author : FAO
Publisher : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2020-06-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789251328460

Get Book

FAO framework on ending child labour in agriculture by FAO Pdf

The purpose of the FAO’s framework is to guide the Organization and its personnel in the integration of measures addressing child labour within FAO’s typical work, programmes and initiatives at global, regional and country levels. It aims to enhance compliance with organization’s operational standards, and strengthen coherence and synergies across the Organization and with partners. The FAO framework is primarily targeted at FAO as an organization, including all personnel in all geographic locations. But the framework is also relevant for FAO’s governing bodies and Member States, and provides guidance and a basis for collaboration with development partners. The framework is also to be used as a key guidance to assess and monitor compliance with FAO’s environmental and social standards addressing prevention and reduction of child labour in FAO’s programming.

Author : M.L. Narasaiah
Publisher : Discovery Publishing House
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Agriculture
ISBN : 8171416667

Get Book

Child Labour and Agriculture by M.L. Narasaiah Pdf

Contents: Child Labour Targeting the Intolerable, Stop Child Labour, Child Labour in Weaving Industry, Helping your Child Learn, Children s Health and the Environment, Opening Markets for Agriculture, The Future of Agricultural Trade, The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture, The Uruguay Round and Agricultural Reforms, Export Subsidies: A Distortion to Free Trade in Agriculture, WTO Agricultural Negotiations Completing the Task, Developing Countries and the WTO Agricultural Negotiations, Population Growth and Cropland, Development of Sericulture, Controlling the Global Tobacco Epidemic, Land Tenure, Can Economic Growth Reduce Poverty?, The Dynamics of Rural Poverty in India, Rural Poverty in India and Development as a Policy Challenge, Trade and Labour Standards, Challenging Traditional Economic Growth, End of Controversy on Large Dams?, A Breakthrough in the Evolution of Large Dams?, Fighting for Equality on All Fronts, Crisis Prevention, The Future of Work, Population Growth and Income, For a Fair Sharing of Time, Development: The People Know Best, An Agenda for Change, Do Men Matter?, Social Development: The Way Forward, Gender-based Violence.

Author : Rob Vos,Hiroyuki Takeshima
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1356407178

Get Book

Agricultural Mechanisation and Child Labour in Developing Countries by Rob Vos,Hiroyuki Takeshima Pdf

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 45 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2022-06-30
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251364444

Get Book

2021 Annual Report – Plant Production and Protection by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

The 2021 Annual Report – Plant Production and Protection provides in-depth information, key facts and figures from the FAO Plant Production and Protection Division (NSP).

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2023-06-07
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9789251379110

Get Book

The relations between climate change and child labour in agriculture by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations  Pdf

Climate change-related events undermine children’s educational attainment, exposing them to child labour, hazardous work and forced migration. This nexus is particularly relevant for agriculture and its subsectors: indeed, they absorb about 26 percent of the economic impacts of climate change-related disasters and host 70 percent of all child labour. This study aims to identify the extent to which climate change-related events and impacts affect child labour in agriculture by exploring the underlying connection between the two challenges as the initial step towards integrating a child labour lens within the international community’s work on climate change. It showcases the multi-dimensional relationship through a mixed-methods approach in four countries: Côte d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Nepal and Peru. The qualitative and quantitative findings propose a set of policy implications that are in line with the concept that one-size-fits-all policy prescriptions are unlikely to work, as they must be tailored to different communities based on their characteristics.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 182 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2022-11-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789251360439

Get Book

The State of Food and Agriculture 2022 by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

Automation has been shaping world agriculture since the early twentieth century. Motorized mechanization has brought significant benefits in terms of improved productivity, reduced drudgery and more efficient allocation of labour, but also some negative environmental impacts. More recently, a new generation of digital agricultural automation technologies has appeared, with the potential to further enhance productivity, as well as resilience, while also addressing the environmental sustainability challenges driven by past mechanization. The State of Food and Agriculture 2022 looks into the drivers of agricultural automation, including the more recent digital technologies. Based on 27 case studies, the report analyses the business case for adoption of digital automation technologies in different agricultural production systems across the world. It identifies several barriers preventing inclusive adoption of these technologies, particularly by small-scale producers. Key barriers are low digital literacy and lack of an enabling infrastructure, such as connectivity and access to electricity, in addition to financial constraints. Based on the analysis, the publication suggests policies to ensure that disadvantaged groups in developing regions can benefit from agricultural automation and that automation contributes to sustainable and resilient agrifood systems.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,Yang, M.,Jiang, S.
Publisher : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2023-01-20
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789251371725

Get Book

Sustainable agricultural mechanization in China by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,Yang, M.,Jiang, S. Pdf

Sustainable agricultural mechanization covers all levels of farming and processing technologies, and takes into consideration technological, economic, social, environmental and cultural aspects when contributing to the sustainable development of agrifood systems. This publication strives to comprehensively and systematically summarize the status and strategies of China's agricultural mechanization development, its impacts, experiences and practices, and business models. Furthermore, the publication investigates the related investment and policy recommendations to reach the goal of agricultural and rural modernization by 2035, to drive smallholder farmers to enter modern agriculture, and to achieve sustainable development. It is estimated that by 2035, agricultural production in China will predominantly be mechanized. The concept of integrating mechanization and digitalization will be applied to agricultural mechanization management and operation monitoring and services, and mechanization will comprehensively support all agricultural and rural modernization. The development of sustainable agricultural mechanization in China provides cases and examples of innovations with global value, not only for developing countries but in particular for middle-income countries and emerging countries.

Author : Christensen, I.,Romano, M.
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2023-12-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789251379424

Get Book

Social analysis for inclusive agrifood investments by Christensen, I.,Romano, M. Pdf

More than a decade has passed since the publication of the series entitled Social Analysis of Agriculture and Rural Investment Projects, which comprises three complementary manuals – the Manager’s, Practitioner’s and Field guides. During this time, conflict, climate change and economic downturns have been driving up poverty, hunger, and socioeconomic inequalities, reducing the resilience of agrifood systems. In response, the FAO Investment Centre has updated the Social Analysis guides to address the evolving and volatile rural transformation context, providing programme managers, practitioners and field workers with a set of enhanced tools for the design, implementation and evaluation of inclusive investments in agrifood systems. Today’s investments must prioritize more demand-driven, people-centred, culturally sensitive and locally owned sustainable approaches, with increased attention to reducing gender and other inequalities. Operationalizing these principles contributes to FAO’s and financing agencies’ objectives of ending poverty, improving food security and nutrition, and reducing inequalities. The goal of the updated guides is to support investments that contribute to inclusive, resilient and sustainable agrifood systems, aligned with the outcomes of the UN Food Systems Summit, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the core principle of leaving no one behind. This publication is part of the Investment Toolkits series under the FAO Investment Centre's Knowledge for Investment (K4I) series. The contents of this publication have been turned into three e-leaning courses, which are accessible for free through the FAO E-learning Academy.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 98 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2018-10-19
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789251099018

Get Book

Child labour in agriculture in Lebanon by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

This guide will serve as a significant tool for practitioners in Lebanon and the Arab countries who are attending to the issue of child labour in agriculture. Moreover, it represents a pillar for present and continuous collaborative efforts between two sister UN agencies (the ILO and FAO) and their national counterparts, the Ministry of Labour and the Ministry of Agriculture. It is within the framework of the Global Understanding between ILO and FAO to combat child labour in agriculture that this guide has been developed. Specifically, this guide aims at raising awareness among practitioners in the field of agricultural labour of the seriousness of the problem of child labour and its implications, and to sensitize all stakeholders involved in agricultural work to the various possibilities for limiting its severity. In particular, the guide was designed as a reference manual for trainers of trainers conducting workshops in the field of child labour in agriculture in Lebanon, but may also be used by all stakeholders and practitioners in the field of agriculture.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2022-05-16
Category : Education
ISBN : 9789251361986

Get Book

Ten years of FAO experience on ending child labour in agriculture in Africa by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

This compendium is the result of a first-of-its-kind stocktaking exercise looking at FAO activities to address child labour in agriculture in Malawi, Mali, Uganda, the Niger and the United Republic of Tanzania over a decade (2010–2020). It is intended to make a practical contribution to the field of child labour elimination in agriculture, by shedding a light on some of the FAO-supported activities, country processes and practices as well as achievements, and lessons learned. As such, it highlights the general main lessons learned and key messages, outlines and provide details on country processes and related outcomes and achievements on knowledge generation, capacity development, awareness raising, policy advice and promotion of advocacy and partnerships. The contents on these FAO strategies for the elimination of child labour in agriculture are complemented by examples of areas of work such as promoting safe practices and labour-saving technologies and empowering and building the skills of youth aged 15–17 by facilitating school-to-work transition in agriculture.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 82 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2019-06-01
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN : 9789251312520

Get Book

Child Labour in Agriculture: The demand side by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund Pdf

In 2013, a National Action Plan (NAP) was developed to eliminate the worst forms of child labour by 2016, which was subsequently revised and extended by the Ministry of Labour (MOL) until 2019. To support the Government of Lebanon in its efforts to address the problem of child labour, FAO and UNICEF jointly commissioned the Consultation and Research Institute to undertake the present study, Child labour in agriculture: The demand side. This study examines the characteristics and working conditions of children aged between 5 and 17 years who are working in the agriculture sector in Lebanon. The research was based on (1) a desk review; (2) a survey of 422 farmers who employ children; and (3) in-depth interviews with 90 participants, including farmers who employ children, shawishs (coordinators of tented camps) who recruit such children, and children who work on farms. Recommendations of the report are intended to feed into the implementation strategy of the NAP.