Youth Gangs In International Perspective

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Youth Gangs in International Perspective

Finn-Aage Esbensen,Cheryl L. Maxson
Youth Gangs in International Perspective Book PDF

Author : Finn-Aage Esbensen,Cheryl L. Maxson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 315 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2011-12-14
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781461416593

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Youth Gangs in International Perspective by Finn-Aage Esbensen,Cheryl L. Maxson Pdf

As a steady source of juvenile delinquents and an incubator for future adult offenders, the youth gang has long been a focus of attention, from their origins and prevalence to intervention and prevention strategies. But while delinquent youth form gangs worldwide, youth gang research has generally focused on the U.S. Youth Gangs in International Perspective provides a needed corrective by offering significant studies from across Europe, as well as Trinidad-Tobago and Israel. The book spans the diversity of the field in the cultural and scholarly traditions represented and methods used, analyzing not only the social processes under which gangs operate and cohere, but also the evolution of the research base, starting with the Eurogang Program’s definition of the term youth gang. Cross-national and gender issues are discussed, as are measurement concerns and the possibility that the American conception of the youth gang is impeding European understanding of these groups. Among the topics covered: Gang dynamics through the lens of social identity theory. Defining gangs in youth correctional settings. Gang gender composition and youth delinquency. From Stockholm: a holistic approach to gang intervention. Gang membership as a turning point in the life course. The impact of globalization, immigration, and social process on neo-Nazi youth gangs. Filling a critical gap in the literature, Youth Gangs in International Perspective will find a wide audience among criminologists, policymakers specializing in youth crime, and researchers and graduate students in criminology, political science, and youth studies.

Youth Gangs in International Perspective

Finn-Aage Esbensen,Cheryl L. Maxson
Youth Gangs in International Perspective Book PDF

Author : Finn-Aage Esbensen,Cheryl L. Maxson
Publisher : Springer
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2014-03-03
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1489991808

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Youth Gangs in International Perspective by Finn-Aage Esbensen,Cheryl L. Maxson Pdf

As a steady source of juvenile delinquents and an incubator for future adult offenders, the youth gang has long been a focus of attention, from their origins and prevalence to intervention and prevention strategies. But while delinquent youth form gangs worldwide, youth gang research has generally focused on the U.S. Youth Gangs in International Perspective provides a needed corrective by offering significant studies from across Europe, as well as Trinidad-Tobago and Israel. The book spans the diversity of the field in the cultural and scholarly traditions represented and methods used, analyzing not only the social processes under which gangs operate and cohere, but also the evolution of the research base, starting with the Eurogang Program’s definition of the term youth gang. Cross-national and gender issues are discussed, as are measurement concerns and the possibility that the American conception of the youth gang is impeding European understanding of these groups. Among the topics covered: Gang dynamics through the lens of social identity theory. Defining gangs in youth correctional settings. Gang gender composition and youth delinquency. From Stockholm: a holistic approach to gang intervention. Gang membership as a turning point in the life course. The impact of globalization, immigration, and social process on neo-Nazi youth gangs. Filling a critical gap in the literature, Youth Gangs in International Perspective will find a wide audience among criminologists, policymakers specializing in youth crime, and researchers and graduate students in criminology, political science, and youth studies.

YOUTH GANGS

Robert J. Franzese,Herbert C. Covey,Scott Menard
YOUTH GANGS Book PDF

Author : Robert J. Franzese,Herbert C. Covey,Scott Menard
Publisher : Charles C Thomas Publisher
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2016-04-11
Category : Gangs
ISBN : 9780398091071

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YOUTH GANGS by Robert J. Franzese,Herbert C. Covey,Scott Menard Pdf

In the quarter century since the first edition of this book, scholarship on gangs in general, and especially youth gangs, has grown exponentially. This massive expansion of the literature on youth gangs, especially in the past decade, warranted this expanded and updated fourth edition. The first chapter has an expanded discussion of definitional issues, plus recent data from the National Youth Gang Survey, material on the evolving economic nature of gangs, and gang use of internet and social media. The second chapter continues by examining gang violence and drug involvement, and the extent to which they are intercorrelated, with new material on victimization of gang members and gang involvement in drug use and sales. Chapter 3 focuses on racial and ethnic decadences in gangs and the important role of race and ethnicity on gang membership and gang behavior in the U.S. The fourth chapter examines female gangs and gang membership and the changes that have taken place in the nature and extent of female gang membership over time. The fifth and sixth chapters place contemporary American gangs in the historical and international perspective. Chapter 5 includes a new section on youth gangs in the new millennium, and Chapter 6 has been reorganized, particularly to reflect the burgeoning research on European and other international gangs since the turn of the millennium. Chapter 7 has been expanded to include recent developments in the actual and potential application of biosocial, psychological, and life course developmental theories to gangs. Chapter 8 provides a comprehensive, multilevel theory of gangs with updates including new propositions, and new evidence for both the new and old propositions, based on more recent work in theory development and theory testing for gangs. The ninth and tenth chapters’ revisions focus on legislative and justice system efforts to deter gang crime and membership. Chapter 10 also focuses on intervention and assistance programs outside the justice system, including discussion of the Gang Resistance Education and Training program. The final chapter concludes by considering the future of youth gangs in the U.S. and elsewhere in light of historical and cross-national evidence, theory, and experience with gang interventions and programs, considering more recent developments in those areas, and whether they justify any change and for what would be expected of the future of youth gangs.

Studying Youth Gangs

James F. Short,Lorine A. Hughes
Studying Youth Gangs Book PDF

Author : James F. Short,Lorine A. Hughes
Publisher : Rowman Altamira
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0759109397

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Studying Youth Gangs by James F. Short,Lorine A. Hughes Pdf

Provides an introduction to the study of gangs how we define them, what we know and not know about gangs. This title offers both a domestic and international view of processes of delinquency and gang formation and identity. It is suitable for criminal justice, sociology and social work, parole practitioners, and public defenders.

Youth Gangs

James C. Howell
Youth Gangs Book PDF

Author : James C. Howell
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 22 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Law
ISBN : IND:30000056265352

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Youth Gangs by James C. Howell Pdf

The United States has seen rapid proliferation of youth gangs since 1980. During this period, the number of cities with gang problems increased from an estimated 286 jurisdictions with more than 2,000 gangs and nearly 100,000 gang members in 1980 (Miller, 1992) to about 4,800 jurisdictions with more than 31,000 gangs and approximately 846,000 gang members in 1996(Moore and Terrett, in press). An 11-city survey of eighth graders found that 9 percent were currently gang members, and 17 percent said they had belonged to a gang at some point in their lives (Esbensen and Osgood, 1997).Other studies reported comparable percentages and also showed that gang members were responsible for a large proportion of violent offenses. In the Rochester site of the OJJDP-funded Program of Research on the Causes and Correlates of Delinquency, gang members (30 percent of the sample) self-reported committing 68 percent of all violent offenses (Thornberry, 1998). In the Denver site, adolescent gang members (14 percent of the sample) self-reported committing 89 percent of all serious violent offenses (Huizinga, 1997). In another study, supported by OJJDP and several other agenciesand organizations, adolescent gang members in Seattle (15 percent of the sample) self-reported involvement in 85 percent of robberies committed by the entire sample (Battin et al., 1998).This Bulletin reviews data and research to consolidate available knowledge on youth gangs that are involved in criminal activity. Following a historical perspective, demographic information ispresented. The scope of the problem is assessed, including gang problems in juvenile detention and correctional facilities. Several issues are then addressed by reviewing gang studies to provide aclearer understanding of youth gang problems.An extensive list of references is provided for further review.

Gangs and Youth Subcultures

Kayleen Hazlehurst,Cameron Hazlehurst
Gangs and Youth Subcultures Book PDF

Author : Kayleen Hazlehurst,Cameron Hazlehurst
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2018-01-16
Category : Family & Relationships
ISBN : 9781351290623

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Gangs and Youth Subcultures by Kayleen Hazlehurst,Cameron Hazlehurst Pdf

Gangs are growing in many different social, economic, and political environments coupled with an alarming breakdown of public order. Failures to contain or reduce gang crime in European, Asian, South American, African, and North American cities may be symptoms of fundamental problems threatening the fabric of many societies. The spread of gangs to suburbia and remote locations is a palpable, worldwide threat. But despite nearly a century of scholarly inquiry into street gangs and youth subcultures, no single work systematically reflects on comparative international experiences with gangs. Gangs and Youth Subcultures takes up this challenge. Kayleen Hazlehurst and Cameron Hazlehurst argue that theories of gang behavior in immigrant communities and the influence of transnational crime syndicates are better tested in more than one host society. Similar phenomena would be better understood if placed in a comparative context. To this purpose, the editors assembled expert scholars and policy advisers from North America, Europe, South Africa, and Australasia. Gangs and Youth Subculture lays the groundwork for an explanation of why gangs continue to grow in strength and influence, and why they have spread to remote locations.Kayleen Hazlehurst and Cameron Hazlehurst present new findings and innovative preventive strategies in a clear, concise fashion. No other work brings together experts on gangs and youth subcultures from so many countries. As such, this trailblazing book will interest scholars and teachers of criminology and sociology, justice system administrators, as well as law enforcement officers and youth workers internationally.

The Youth Gang Problem

Irving A. Spergel
The Youth Gang Problem Book PDF

Author : Irving A. Spergel
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 1995-06-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780195357868

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The Youth Gang Problem by Irving A. Spergel Pdf

Every day there are new stories of gang-related crime: from the proliferation of illegal weapons in the streets and children dealing drugs in their schools, to innocent bystanders caught in the crossfire of never-ending gang wars. Once considered an urban phenomenon, gang violence is permeating American life, spreading to the suburbs and bringing the problem closer to home for much of America. The government, schools, social agencies, and the justice system are conspicuous by their sporadic interest in the subject and have failed to develop effective policies and programs. Existing social support mechanisms and strategies for suppressing violence have often been unsuccessful. And, state and federal policy is largely nonexistent. In The Youth Gang Problem: A Community Approach, Irving Spergel provides a systematic analysis of youth gangs in the United States. Based on research, historical and comparative analysis, and agency documents and the author's extensive first-hand experience, the work explores the gang problem from the perspective of community disorganization, especially population movement, and the plight of the underclass. It examines the factors of gang member personality, gang dynamics, criminal organization, and the influence of family, school, prisons, and politics, as well as the response of criminal justice agencies and community groups. Spergel describes techniques used by social agencies, schools, employment programs, criminal justice agencies, and grass-roots organizations for dealing with gangs, and recommends strategies that emphasize the use of local resources, planning, and collaborative procedures. There is no single strategy and no easy solution to the youth gang problem in the United States. There are, however, substantial steps we can take, and they must be honestly and systematically tested. Offering a practical and alternative approach to a serious social problem, The Youth Gang Problem: A Community Approach is a major and long-awaited contribution to this dilemma. It is required reading for criminal justice personnel, school staff, social workers, policy makers, students and scholars of urban and organizational sociology, and the general reader concerned with the youth gang problem and how to control, intervene, and prevent it.

Gang Transitions and Transformations in an International Context

Cheryl L. Maxson,Finn-Aage Esbensen
Gang Transitions and Transformations in an International Context Book PDF

Author : Cheryl L. Maxson,Finn-Aage Esbensen
Publisher : Springer
Page : 314 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2016-06-09
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783319296029

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Gang Transitions and Transformations in an International Context by Cheryl L. Maxson,Finn-Aage Esbensen Pdf

This unique volume explores why and how youth join and leave gangs, as a lens for exploring intervention and prevention through comparative, international research. The book explores three key questions: how do youth gangs form and how do they change over time? Why do youth join street gangs, and why do they leave? How can we use this knowledge to foster more effective interventions for gang problems? Drawing from research conducted in ten different countries (Belgium, Canada, Germany, Israel, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, and Venezuela)and a variety of disciplines, sixteen original chapters provide unique insights into: 1) patterns of gang participation and how it impacts individual behavior 2) individual transitions and their impact on gang transformations 3) fostering gang transition and transformation. This work will be of interest to researchers in Criminology and Criminal Justice, particularly with an interest in youth gangs, developmental and life-course criminology, criminal careers, and criminal networks, as well as related fields such as sociology, psychology, and comparative law, and public health.​

Global Gangs

Jennifer M. Hazen,Dennis Rodgers
Global Gangs Book PDF

Author : Jennifer M. Hazen,Dennis Rodgers
Publisher : U of Minnesota Press
Page : 389 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2014-08-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781452941813

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Global Gangs by Jennifer M. Hazen,Dennis Rodgers Pdf

Gangs, often associated with brutality and senseless destructive violence, have not always been viewed as inherently antagonistic. The first studies of gangs depicted them as alternative sources of order in urban slums where the state’s authority was lacking, and they have subsequently been shown to be important elements in some youth life cycles. Despite their proliferation there is little consensus regarding what constitutes a gang. Used to denote phenomena ranging from organized crime syndicates to groups of youths who gather spontaneously on street corners, even the term “gang” is ambiguous. Global Gangs offers a greater understanding of gangs through essays that investigate gangs spanning across nations, from Brazil to Indonesia, China to Kenya, and from El Salvador to Russia. Volume editors Jennifer M. Hazen and Dennis Rodgers bring together contributors who examine gangs from a comparative perspective, discussing such topics as the role the apartheid regime in South Africa played in the emergence of gangs, the politics behind child vigilante squads in India, the relationship between immigration and gangs in France and the United States, and the complex stigmatization of youths in Mexico caused by the arbitrary deployment of the word “gang.” Featuring an afterword by renowned U.S. gang researcher Sudhir Venkatesh, this volume provides a comprehensive look into the experience of gangs across the world and in doing so challenges conventional notions of identity. Contributors: Enrique Desmond Arias, George Mason U; José Miguel Cruz, Florida International U; Steffen Jensen, DIGNITY–Danish Institute Against Torture; Gareth A. Jones, London School of Economics and Political Science; Marwan Mohammed, École Normale Supérieure, Paris; Jacob Rasmussen, Roskilde U; Loren Ryter, U of Michigan; Rustem R. Safin, National Research Technological U, Russia; Alexander L. Salagaev, National Research Technological U, Russia; Atreyee Sen, U of Manchester; Mats Utas, Nordic Africa Institute; Sudhir Venkatesh, Columbia U; James Diego Vigil, U of California, Irvine; Lening Zhang, Saint Francis U.

Teen Gangs

Maureen P. Duffy,Scott E. Gillig
Teen Gangs Book PDF

Author : Maureen P. Duffy,Scott E. Gillig
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 243 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2004-03-30
Category : Family & Relationships
ISBN : 9780313052835

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Teen Gangs by Maureen P. Duffy,Scott E. Gillig Pdf

Teen gangs are a hot issue in the United States. This volume shows the international scope of the phenomenon today. Gang activity in 14 countries, including the United States, is discussed within the larger framework of social and economic conditions. Each chapter explains the nature of the gang activity in that country; touches on the causes, such as poverty, marginalization, and self-identity problems; and heavily emphasizes the responses, including education and community-based intervention. Students and researchers will find a wealth of current information on teen gangs to mine and use for comparisons.

Global Perspectives on Youth Gang Behavior, Violence, and Weapons Use

Harding, Simon
Global Perspectives on Youth Gang Behavior Violence and Weapons Use Book PDF

Author : Harding, Simon
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 425 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2016-02-02
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781466699397

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Global Perspectives on Youth Gang Behavior, Violence, and Weapons Use by Harding, Simon Pdf

Youth violence has become a concern as gangs become a popular option for urban children and teenagers and weapons use among young populations becomes more prevalent. Exploring the psychological motivations and foundations upon which such violence is developed and cultivated can assist in better understanding the modern dilemma of violence, weapons use, and gang behavior among children, teenagers, and young adults. Global Perspectives on Youth Gang Behavior, Violence, and Weapons Use reconsiders the traditional understandings of youth violence in various forms, such as gang activities, criminal behavior, and weapons use. Focusing on the psychosocial elements of violence among children, teenagers, and young adults, this timely publication is ideally designed for use by policy makers and government executives, professionals, educators, and graduate-level students involved in psychology, criminology, social work, and criminal justice studies.

Gangs and Society

Louis Kontos,David C. Brotherton,Luis Barrios
Gangs and Society Book PDF

Author : Louis Kontos,David C. Brotherton,Luis Barrios
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 369 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2003-05-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780231507516

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Gangs and Society by Louis Kontos,David C. Brotherton,Luis Barrios Pdf

Compiled by three leading experts in the psychological, sociological, and criminal justice fields, this volume addresses timely questions from an eclectic range of positions. The product of a landmark conference on gangs, Gangs and Society brings together the work of academics, activists, and community leaders to examine the many functions and faces of gangs today. Analyzing the spread of gangs from New York to Texas to the West Coast, the book covers such topics as the spirituality of gangs, the place of women in gang culture, and the effect on gangs of a variety of educational programs and services for at-risk youth. The final chapter examines the "gang-photography phenomenon" by looking at the functions and politics of different approaches to gang photography and features a photographic essay by Donna DeCesare, an award-winning journalist.

Oxford Textbook of Violence Prevention

Peter D. Donnelly,Catherine L. Ward
Oxford Textbook of Violence Prevention Book PDF

Author : Peter D. Donnelly,Catherine L. Ward
Publisher : Oxford Textbooks in Public Hea
Page : 369 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780199678723

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Oxford Textbook of Violence Prevention by Peter D. Donnelly,Catherine L. Ward Pdf

'Oxford Textbook Violence Prevention' brings together an international team of experts to provide an extensive global account of the global mortality and morbidity burden caused by violence through examining the causes of violence, and what can be done to prevent and reduce violence.

Youth Violence in Latin America

G. Jones
Youth Violence in Latin America Book PDF

Author : G. Jones
Publisher : Springer
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2009-10-26
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780230101333

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Youth Violence in Latin America by G. Jones Pdf

This volume provides a systematic overview of the contemporary Latin American youth violence phenomenon. The authors focus specifically on youth gangs, juvenile justice issues, and applied research concerns, providing a rounded and balanced exploration of this increasingly important topic.

Social Development Models of Gang Involvement

Marvin D. Krohn,James C. Howell
Social Development Models of Gang Involvement Book PDF

Author : Marvin D. Krohn,James C. Howell
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2020-05-21
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781351027083

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Social Development Models of Gang Involvement by Marvin D. Krohn,James C. Howell Pdf

This book—containing contributions from scholars who are well-known for their research on gangs, and selected as experts on the assigned topics—examines youth gangs from a developmental/life-course perspective, exploring a myriad of issues related to gang membership, its causes, its consequences, and various intervention efforts to both prevent gang membership and reduce the problematic impact of gangs. Beginning with research exploring the intergenerational continuity in gang membership and examining the causal processes leading to gang membership, the structure of the book reflects the developmental sequence of gang membership. The consequences of gang membership for youth are examined, as are intervention strategies. The book also presents the first conceptual framework on female gang involvement, taking into account the differences in the paths and roles that women and girls may take into the gang. The book concludes by exploring how gang membership affects job possibilities for young adults. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Crime and Justice.