A Cultural History Of Race In The Middle Ages

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A Cultural History of Race in the Middle Ages

Thomas Hahn
A Cultural History of Race in the Middle Ages Book PDF

Author : Thomas Hahn
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2023-06-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9781350300002

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A Cultural History of Race in the Middle Ages by Thomas Hahn Pdf

This volume presents a comprehensive and collaborative survey of how people, individually and within collective entities, thought about, experienced, and enacted racializing differences. Addressing events, texts, and images from the 5th to the 16th centuries, these essays by ten eminent scholars provide broad, multi-disciplinary analyses of materials whose origins range from the British Isles, Western Iberia, and North Africa across Western and Eastern Europe to the Middle East. These diverse communities possessed no single word equivalent to modern race, a term (raza) for genetic, religious, cultural, or territorial difference that emerges only at the end of the medieval period. Chapter by chapter, this volume nonetheless demonstrates the manifold beliefs, practices, institutions, and images that conveyed and enforced difference for the benefit of particular groups and to the detriment of others. Addressing the varying historiographical self-consciousness concerning race among medievalist scholars themselves, the separate analyses make use of paradigms drawn from social and political history, religious, environmental, literary, ethnic, and gender studies, the history of art and of science, and critical race theory. Chapters identify the eruption of racial discourses aroused by political or religious polemic, centered upon conversion within and among Jewish, Christian, and Islamic communions, and inspired by imagined or sustained contact with alien peoples. Authors draw their evidence from Hebrew, Latin, Arabic, and a profusion of European vernaculars, and provide searching examinations of visual artefacts ranging from religious service books to maps, mosaics, and manuscript illuminations

A Cultural History of Race in the Renaissance and Early Modern Age

Kimberly Ann Coles,Dorothy Kim
A Cultural History of Race in the Renaissance and Early Modern Age Book PDF

Author : Kimberly Ann Coles,Dorothy Kim
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2023-06-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9781350300026

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A Cultural History of Race in the Renaissance and Early Modern Age by Kimberly Ann Coles,Dorothy Kim Pdf

The past is always an interpretive act from the lens of the present. Through the lens of critical race theory, the essays collected here explore new analytical models, theoretical frameworks, and methodological approaches in attempting to reimagine the European Renaissance and early modern periods in terms of global expansion, awareness, and participation. Centering race in these periods requires that we acknowledge the people against whom social hierarchies and differential treatment were directed. This collection takes Europe as its focus, but White Europeans are not centred in it and the experiences of Black Africans, Asians, Jews and Muslims are not relegated to the margins of a shared history. Situating Europe within a global context forces the reconsideration of the violence that attends the interaction of peoples both across cultures and enmired within them. The less we are attentive to the cultural interactions, cross- cultural migrations and global dimensions of the late medieval and early modern periods, the less we are forced to recognize the violence, intolerance, power struggles and enforced suppressions that attend them.

A Cultural History of Race in Antiquity

Denise Eileen McCoskey
A Cultural History of Race in Antiquity Book PDF

Author : Denise Eileen McCoskey
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2023-06-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9781350299979

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A Cultural History of Race in Antiquity by Denise Eileen McCoskey Pdf

The era generally referred to as antiquity lasted for thousands of years and was characterized by a diverse range of peoples and cultural systems. This volume explores some of the specific ways race was defined and mobilized by different groups-including the Greeks, Romans, Egyptians, Persians, and Ethiopians- as they came into contact with one another during this period. Key to this inquiry is the examination of institutions, such as religion and politics, and forms of knowledge, such as science, that circumscribed the formation of ancient racial identities and helped determine their meanings and consequences. Drawing on a range of ancient evidence-literature, historical writing, documentary evidence, and ancient art and archaeology-this volume highlights both the complexity of ancient racial ideas and the often violent and asymmetrical power structures embedded in ancient racial representations and practices like war and the enslavement of other persons. The study of race in antiquity has long been clouded by modern assumptions, so this volume also seeks to outline a better method for apprehending race on its own terms in the ancient world, including its relationship to other forms of identity, such as ethnicity and gender, while also seeking to identify and debunk some of the racist methods and biases that have been promulgated by classical historians themselves over the last few centuries.

The Invention of Race in the European Middle Ages

Geraldine Heng
The Invention of Race in the European Middle Ages Book PDF

Author : Geraldine Heng
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 509 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2018-03-08
Category : History
ISBN : 9781108422789

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The Invention of Race in the European Middle Ages by Geraldine Heng Pdf

This book challenges the common belief that race and racisms are phenomena that began only in the modern era.

A Cultural History of Race in the Reformation and Enlightenment

Nicholas Hudson
A Cultural History of Race in the Reformation and Enlightenment Book PDF

Author : Nicholas Hudson
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2023-06-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9781350300033

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A Cultural History of Race in the Reformation and Enlightenment by Nicholas Hudson Pdf

The period between the 16th and 18th centuries witnessed the expansion of European travel, trade and colonization around the globe, resulting in greatly increased contact between Westerners and peoples throughout the rest of the world. With the rise of print and the commercial book market, Europeans avidly consumed reports of the outside world and its various peoples, often in distorted or fictional forms. With the consolidation of new empirical science and taxonomy, prejudice against peoples of different colours and cultures during the 16th and 17th centuries became more systematic, giving rise to the doctrines of race 'science.' Although humanitarianism and the idea of human rights also flourished, inspiring the campaign to abolish the slave trade, this movement did not hinder imperialist expansion and the belief that humans could be ranked in a hierarchy that authorized White domination. The essays in this volume trace the complex pattern of intellectual and cultural change from popular bigotry in the Age of Shakespeare to the racial categories developed in the works of Buffon and Kant. These essays also link changes in racial thinking to other trends during this age. The development of modern ideas of race corresponded with emerging conceptions of the nation state; new acceptance of religious diversity became linked with speculations on racial diversity; transforming ideologies of gender and sexuality overlapped in crucial ways with developing racial attitudes. In many ways, the period between the Reformation and Enlightenment laid the foundations for modern racial thinking, generating issues and conflicts that still haunt us today.

Black Legacies

Lynn T. Ramey
Black Legacies Book PDF

Author : Lynn T. Ramey
Publisher : University Press of Florida
Page : 191 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2014-09-02
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9780813055046

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Black Legacies by Lynn T. Ramey Pdf

Black Legacies looks at color-based prejudice in medieval and modern texts in order to reveal key similarities. Bringing far-removed time periods into startling conversation, this book argues that certain attitudes and practices present in Europe’s Middle Ages were foundational in the development of the western concept of race. Using historical, literary, and artistic sources, Lynn Ramey shows that twelfth- and thirteenth-century discourse was preoccupied with skin color and the coding of black as “evil” and white as “good.” Ramey demonstrates that fears of miscegenation show up in all medieval European societies. She pinpoints these same ideas in the rhetoric of later centuries. Mapmakers and travel writers of the colonial era used medieval lore of “monstrous peoples” to question the humanity of indigenous New World populations, and medieval arguments about humanness were employed to justify the slave trade. Ramey even analyzes how race is explored in films set in medieval Europe, revealing an enduring fascination with the Middle Ages as a touchstone for processing and coping with racial conflict in the West today.

Rereading the Black Legend

Margaret R. Greer,Walter D. Mignolo,Maureen Quilligan
Rereading the Black Legend Book PDF

Author : Margaret R. Greer,Walter D. Mignolo,Maureen Quilligan
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 974 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2008-09-15
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9780226307244

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Rereading the Black Legend by Margaret R. Greer,Walter D. Mignolo,Maureen Quilligan Pdf

The phrase “The Black Legend” was coined in 1912 by a Spanish journalist in protest of the characterization of Spain by other Europeans as a backward country defined by ignorance, superstition, and religious fanaticism, whose history could never recover from the black mark of its violent conquest of the Americas. Challenging this stereotype, Rereading the Black Legend contextualizes Spain’s uniquely tarnished reputation by exposing the colonial efforts of other nations whose interests were served by propagating the “Black Legend.” A distinguished group of contributors here examine early modern imperialisms including the Ottomans in Eastern Europe, the Portuguese in East India, and the cases of Mughal India and China, to historicize the charge of unique Spanish brutality in encounters with indigenous peoples during the Age of Exploration. The geographic reach and linguistic breadth of this ambitious collection will make it a valuable resource for any discussion of race, national identity, and religious belief in the European Renaissance.

A Cultural History of Western Empires in the Middle Ages

Antoinette M. Burton,Matthew Gabriele,Carlos F. Noreña,Ania Loomba,Ian Coller,Kirsten McKenzie,Patricia M. E. Lorcin
A Cultural History of Western Empires in the Middle Ages Book PDF

Author : Antoinette M. Burton,Matthew Gabriele,Carlos F. Noreña,Ania Loomba,Ian Coller,Kirsten McKenzie,Patricia M. E. Lorcin
Publisher : Cultural Histories
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2021-07
Category : History
ISBN : 9781474242592

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A Cultural History of Western Empires in the Middle Ages by Antoinette M. Burton,Matthew Gabriele,Carlos F. Noreña,Ania Loomba,Ian Coller,Kirsten McKenzie,Patricia M. E. Lorcin Pdf

A Cultural History of Western Empires presents historians, and scholars and students of related fields, with the first comprehensive and interdisciplinary overview of the cultural history of empire from ancient times to modernity. With six highly illustrated volumes covering 2500 years, this is the definitive reference work on the subject. This volume explores the cultural history of empire in the Middle Ages, covering: War, Trade, Natural worlds, Labor, Mobility, Sexuality, Resistance and Race.

A Cultural History of Race in the Renaissance and Early Modern Age

Kimberly Ann Coles,Dorothy Kim
A Cultural History of Race in the Renaissance and Early Modern Age Book PDF

Author : Kimberly Ann Coles,Dorothy Kim
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2023-06-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9781350300019

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A Cultural History of Race in the Renaissance and Early Modern Age by Kimberly Ann Coles,Dorothy Kim Pdf

The past is always an interpretive act from the lens of the present. Through the lens of critical race theory, the essays collected here explore new analytical models, theoretical frameworks, and methodological approaches in attempting to reimagine the European Renaissance and early modern periods in terms of global expansion, awareness, and participation. Centering race in these periods requires that we acknowledge the people against whom social hierarchies and differential treatment were directed. This collection takes Europe as its focus, but White Europeans are not centred in it and the experiences of Black Africans, Asians, Jews and Muslims are not relegated to the margins of a shared history. Situating Europe within a global context forces the reconsideration of the violence that attends the interaction of peoples both across cultures and enmired within them. The less we are attentive to the cultural interactions, cross- cultural migrations and global dimensions of the late medieval and early modern periods, the less we are forced to recognize the violence, intolerance, power struggles and enforced suppressions that attend them.

The Black Middle Ages

Matthew X. Vernon
The Black Middle Ages Book PDF

Author : Matthew X. Vernon
Publisher : Springer
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2018-06-13
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9783319910895

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The Black Middle Ages by Matthew X. Vernon Pdf

The Black Middle Ages examines the influence of medieval studies on African-American thought. Matthew X. Vernon focuses on nineteenth century uses of medieval texts to structure racial identity, but also considers the flexibility of medieval narratives more broadly in the medieval period, twentieth and twenty-first centuries. This book engages disparate discourses to reassess African-American positionalities in time and space. Utilizing a transhistorical framework, Vernon reflects on medieval studies as a discipline built upon a contended set of ideologies and acts of imaginative appropriation visible within source texts and their later mobilizations.

Ethnicity in Medieval Europe, 950-1250

Claire Weeda
Ethnicity in Medieval Europe 950 1250 Book PDF

Author : Claire Weeda
Publisher : Boydell & Brewer
Page : 357 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Ethnicity
ISBN : 9781914049019

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Ethnicity in Medieval Europe, 950-1250 by Claire Weeda Pdf

An investigation into how racial stereotypes were created and used in the European Middle Ages. Students in twelfth-century Paris held slanging matches, branding the English drunkards, the Germans madmen and the French as arrogant. On crusade, army recruits from different ethnic backgrounds taunted each other's military skills. Men producing ethnography in monasteries and at court drafted derogatory descriptions of peoples dwelling in territories under colonisation, questioning their work ethic, social organisation, religious devotion and humanness. Monks listed and ruminated on the alleged traits of Jews, Saracens, Greeks, Saxons and Britons and their acceptance or rejection of Christianity. In this radical new approach to representations of nationhood in medieval western Europe, the author argues that ethnic stereotypes were constructed and wielded rhetorically to justify property claims, flaunt military strength and assert moral and cultural ascendance over others. The gendered images of ethnicity in circulation reflect a negotiation over self-representations of discipline, rationality and strength, juxtaposed with the alleged chaos and weakness of racialised others. Interpreting nationhood through a religious lens, monks and schoolmen explained it as scientifically informed by environmental medicine, an ancient theory that held that location and climate influenced the physical and mental traits of peoples. Drawing on lists of ethnic character traits, school textbooks, medical treatises, proverbs, poetry and chronicles, this book shows that ethnic stereotypes served as rhetorical tools of power, crafting relationships within communities and towards others.

Neighboring Faiths

David Nirenberg
Neighboring Faiths Book PDF

Author : David Nirenberg
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2014-10-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9780226168937

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Neighboring Faiths by David Nirenberg Pdf

This book represents the culmination of David Nirenberg’s ongoing project; namely, how Muslims, Christians, and Jews lived with and thought about each other in the Middle Ages, and what the medieval past can tell us about how they do so today. There have been scripture based studies of the three "religions of the book” that claim descent from Abraham, but Nirenberg goes beyond those to pay close attention to how the three religious neighbors loved, tolerated, massacred, and expelled each other--all in the name of God--in periods and places both long ago and far away. Whether Christian Crusaders and settlers in Islamic-ruled lands, or Jewish-Muslim relations in Christian-controlled Iberia, for Nirenberg, the three religions need to be studied in terms of how each affected the development of the other over time, their proximity of religious and philosophical thought as well as their overlapping geographies, and how the three "neighbors” define (and continue to define) themselves and their place in the here-and-now--and the here-after--in terms of one another. Arguing against exemplary histories, static models of tolerance versus prosecution, or so-called Golden Ages and Black Legends, Nirenberg offers here instead a story that is more dynamic and interdependent, one where Muslim, Jewish, and Christian communities have re-imagined themselves, not only as abstractions of categories in each other’s theologies and ideologies, but by living with each other every day as neighbors jostling each other on the street. From dangerous attractions leading to interfaith marriage, to interreligious conflicts leading to segregation, violence, and sometimes extermination, to strategies of bridging the interfaith gap through language, vocabulary, and poetry--Nirenberg aims to understand the intertwined past of the three faiths as a way for their heirs to coproduce the future.

Empire of Magic

Geraldine Heng
Empire of Magic Book PDF

Author : Geraldine Heng
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 550 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Education
ISBN : 0231125267

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Empire of Magic by Geraldine Heng Pdf

Empire of Magic offers a genesis and genealogy for medieval romance and the King Arthur legend through the history of Europe's encounters with the East in crusades, travel, missionizing, and empire formation. It also produces definitions of "race" and "nation" for the medieval period and posits that the Middle Ages and medieval fantasies of race and religion have recently returned. Drawing on feminist and gender theory, as well as cultural analyses of race, class, and colonialism, this provocative book revises our understanding of the beginnings of the nine hundred-year-old cultural genre we call romance, as well as the King Arthur legend. Geraldine Heng argues that romance arose in the twelfth century as a cultural response to the trauma and horror of taboo acts--in particular the cannibalism committed by crusaders on the bodies of Muslim enemies in Syria during the First Crusade. From such encounters with the East, Heng suggests, sprang the fantastical episodes featuring King Arthur in Geoffrey of Monmouth's chronicle The History of the Kings of England, a work where history and fantasy collide and merge, each into the other, inventing crucial new examples and models for romances to come. After locating the rise of romance and Arthurian legend in the contact zones of East and West, Heng demonstrates the adaptability of romance and its key role in the genesis of an English national identity. Discussing Jews, women, children, and sexuality in works like the romance of Richard Lionheart, stories of the saintly Constance, Arthurian chivralic literature, the legend of Prester John, and travel narratives, Heng shows how fantasy enabled audiences to work through issues of communal identity, race, color, class and alternative sexualities in socially sanctioned and safe modes of cultural discussion in which pleasure, not anxiety, was paramount. Romance also engaged with the threat of modernity in the late medieval period, as economic, social, and technological transformations occurred and awareness grew of a vastly enlarged world beyond Europe, one encompassing India, China, and Africa. Finally, Heng posits, romance locates England and Europe within an empire of magic and knowledge that surveys the world and makes it intelligible--usable--for the future. Empire of Magic is expansive in scope, spanning the eleventh to the fifteenth centuries, and detailed in coverage, examining various types of romance--historical, national, popular, chivalric, family, and travel romances, among others--to see how cultural fantasy responds to changing crises, pressures, and demands in a number of different ways. Boldly controversial, theoretically sophisticated, and historically rooted, Empire of Magic is a dramatic restaging of the role romance played in the culture of a period and world in ways that suggest how cultural fantasy still functions for us today.

Race, Class, and Gender in "Medieval" Cinema

L. Ramey,T. Pugh
Race Class and Gender in Medieval Cinema Book PDF

Author : L. Ramey,T. Pugh
Publisher : Springer
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2007-02-19
Category : History
ISBN : 9780230603561

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Race, Class, and Gender in "Medieval" Cinema by L. Ramey,T. Pugh Pdf

The medieval film genre is not, in general, concerned with constructing a historically accurate past, but much analysis nonetheless centers on highlighting anachronisms. This book aims to help scholars and aficionados of medieval film think about how the re-creation of an often mythical past performs important cultural work for modern directors and viewers. The essays in this collection demonstrate that directors intentionally insert modern preoccupations into a setting that would normally be considered incompatible with these concepts. The Middle Ages provide an imaginary space far enough removed from the present day to explore modern preoccupations with human identity.

The Anatomy of Blackness

Andrew S. Curran
The Anatomy of Blackness Book PDF

Author : Andrew S. Curran
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 327 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2011-09-19
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9781421401508

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The Anatomy of Blackness by Andrew S. Curran Pdf

This volume examines the Enlightenment-era textualization of the Black African in European thought. Andrew S. Curran rewrites the history of blackness by replicating the practices of eighteenth-century readers. Surveying French and European travelogues, natural histories, works of anatomy, pro- and anti-slavery tracts, philosophical treatises, and literary texts, Curran shows how naturalists and philosophes drew from travel literature to discuss the perceived problem of human blackness within the nascent human sciences. He also describes how a number of now-forgotten anatomists revolutionized the era’s understanding of black Africans and charts the shift of the slavery debate from the moral, mercantile, and theological realms toward that of the “black body” itself. In tracing this evolution, he shows how blackness changed from a mere descriptor in earlier periods into a thing to be measured, dissected, handled, and often brutalized. "A definitive statement on the complex, painful, and richly revealing topic of how the major figures of the French Enlightenment reacted to the enslavement of black Africans, often to their discredit. The fields of race studies and of Enlightenment studies are more than ready to embrace the type of analysis in which Curran engages, and all the more so in that his book is beautifully written and illustrated."—Symposium "This is an important contribution to an important topic. But it is also a model of how intellectual history should be done."—New Books in History "The breadth of Andrew Curran's knowledge about the Enlightenment is astonishing . . . The book makes the convincing point not only that Africa is a major focus in the Enlightenment's imagination, but also that natural history and anthropology are central to understanding not only its scientific agenda, but also its humanitarian politics."—Centaurus "Curran's Francotropism and medical background enable him to develop insights that should prove important to the ongoing transnationalization and discipline-blurring of literary and cultural studies."—Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment "Curran's ability to dissect and explain complicated arguments of the period's major thinkers is impressive."—Choice