A Grammar Of Mapuche

Author : Ineke Smeets
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 613 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2008-12-10
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110211795

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A Grammar of Mapuche by Ineke Smeets Pdf

Mapuche is the language of the Mapuche (or Araucanians), the native inhabitants of central Chile. The Mapuche language, also called Mapudungu, is spoken by about 400,000 people in Chile and 40,000 in Argentina. The Mapuche people, estimated at about one million, constitute the majority of the Chilean indigenous population. The history of the Mapuche is the story of passionate fighters who managed to stop the Inca's but succumbed to the Spanish invaders after two and a half century of warfare. The relationship of the Mapuche language with other Amerindian languages has not yet been established. Mapuche is a highly agglutinative language with a complex verbal morphology. This book offers a comprehensive and detailed description of the Mapuche language. It contains a grammar (phonology, morphology and syntax), a collection of texts (stories, conversations and songs) with morphological analyses and free translations, and a Mapuche-English dictionary with a large number of derivations and examples. The grammar is preceded by a socio-historical sketch of the Mapuche people and a brief discussion of previous studies of the Mapuche language. The material for the description was collected by the author with the help of five Mapuche speakers with attention to the dialectal differences between them. The abundance of thoroughly analysed examples makes for a lively decription of the language. The intricacy of the verbal morphology will arouse the interest not only of those who practice Amerindian linguistics but also of those who are interested in language theory and language typology.

Author : Catharina Johanna Maria Antoinette Smeets
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 680 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Mapuche language
ISBN : STANFORD:36105008853397

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A Mapuche Grammar by Catharina Johanna Maria Antoinette Smeets Pdf

Author : Roberto Zariquiey,Pilar M. Valenzuela
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2022-05-19
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780192593726

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The Grammar of Body-Part Expressions by Roberto Zariquiey,Pilar M. Valenzuela Pdf

This volume explores the grammatical properties of body-part expressions across a range of languages and language families in the Americas, including Arawakan, Eastern Tukano, Mataguayan, Panoan, and Takanan. Expressions denoting parts of the body often exhibit specific grammatical properties that are intrinsically related to their semantics, and frequently appear in dedicated constructions, many of which are found exclusively in association with these expressions. Following a detailed introduction and discussion of the foundations of body-part grammar, the chapters in the first part of the book investigate categorialization, lexicalization, and the semantic processes associated with body-part expressions. In the second part of the book, contributors investigate specific grammatical properties of body-part expressions, such as inalienability, incorporation, possessive constructions, prefixation, topicality, and word-formation strategies. The volume draws on data from lesser-known languages that are often under-represented in comparative work, and makes a significant contribution not only to the linguistics of the Americas and the typology of body-part expressions, but also to typological studies more broadly, and to historical, comparative, and anthropological linguistics.

Author : Aleksandr Aĭkhenvalʹd,Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 405 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780199683222

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The Art of Grammar by Aleksandr Aĭkhenvalʹd,Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald Pdf

This book introduces the principles and practice of writing a comprehensive reference grammar. It describes the means of collecting, analysing, and organizing data, and discusses the typological parameters that can be used to explore relationships with other languages.

Author : Fernando Zúñiga,Seppo Kittilä
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2010-04-14
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027288318

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Benefactives and Malefactives by Fernando Zúñiga,Seppo Kittilä Pdf

Benefactives are constructions used to express that a state of affairs holds to someone’s advantage. The same construction sometimes also serves as a malefactive, whose meanings are generally not a simple mirror image of the benefactive. Benefactive constructions cover a wide range of phenomena: malefactive passives, general and specialized benefactive cases and adpositions, serial verb constructions and converbal constructions (including e.g. verbs of giving and taking), benefactive applicatives, and other morphosyntactic strategies. The present book is the first collection of its kind to be published on this topic. It includes both typological surveys and in-depth descriptive studies, exploring both the morphosyntactic properties and the semantic nuances of phenomena ranging from the familiar English double-object construction and the Japanese adversative passive to comparable phenomena found in lesser-known languages of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. The book will appeal to typologists and linguists interested in linguistic diversity and it will also be a useful reference work for linguists working on language description.

Author : Friederike Moltmann,Mark Textor
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2017-07-03
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780190666620

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Act-Based Conceptions of Propositional Content by Friederike Moltmann,Mark Textor Pdf

The notion of a propositional content plays a central role in contemporary philosophy of language. Propositional content makes up both the meaning of sentences and the content of propositional attitudes such as belief. One particular view about propositional content has been dominant in analytic philosophy, namely the Fregean conception of propositions as abstract mind-independent objects that come with truth conditions. But propositions in this sense raise a range of issues, which have become a center of debate in current philosophy of language. In particular, how should propositions as abstract objects be understood and how can they represent things and be true or false? A number of philosophers in contemporary analytic philosophy as well as in early analytic philosophy and phenomenology have approached the notion of a propositional content in a different way, not by starting out with an abstract truth berarer, but by focusing on cognitive acts of agents, such as acts of judging. It is in terms of such acts that the notion of a propositional content, on their view, should be understood. The act-based perspective historically goes back to the work of Central European philosophers, in particular that of Husserl, Twardowski, Meinong, and Reinach. However, their work has been unduly neglected and is in fact largely inaccessible to contemporary analytic philosophers. The volume presents a central selection of work of these philosophers that bear on an act-based conception of philosophical content, some of which in new translations (one paper by Reinach), some of which published in English for the very first time (two papers by Twardowski). In addition, the volume presents new work by leading contemporary philosophers of language pursuing or discussing an act-based conception of propositional content. Moreover, the book contains a crosslinguistic study of nominalizations for actions and products, a distinction that plays a central role in the philosophy of language of Twardowski.

Author : Alena Witzlack-Makarevich,Balthasar Bickel
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing Company
Page : 544 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2019-03-15
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027263025

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Argument Selectors by Alena Witzlack-Makarevich,Balthasar Bickel Pdf

Capitalizing on the by now widely accepted idea of the construction-specific and language-specific nature of grammatical relations, the editors of the volume developed a modern framework for systematically capturing all sorts of variations in grammatical relations. The central concepts of this framework are the notions of argument role and its referential properties, argument selector, as well as various conditions on argument selections. The contributors of the volume applied this framework in their descriptions of grammatical relations in individual languages and discussed its limitations and advantages. This resulted in a coherent description of grammatical relations in thirteen genealogically and geographically diverse languages based on original and extensive fieldwork on under-described languages. The volume presents a far more detailed picture of the diversity of argument selectors and effects of predicates, referential properties of arguments, as well as of various clausal conditions on grammatical relations than previously published grammatical descriptions.

Author : Fernando Zuniga,Denis Creissels
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 1100 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2024-01-29
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110730951

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Applicative Constructions in the World’s Languages by Fernando Zuniga,Denis Creissels Pdf

This book presents a state-of-the-art cross-linguistic survey of applicative constructions in the functional-typological tradition. An introductory section sets the terminological and analytical stage, presents the methodology used by the different chapters, and provides a typological outlook. The individual contributions address the morphological, syntactic and semantic variation of applicatives, as well as their discourse-pragmatic function. They cover all major language families and some isolates that feature some illuminating version of the phenomenon, paying special attention to language-internal variation and unity. The phenomena surveyed range from those instances usually considered canonical (valency-increasing, syntactically and semantically predictable, productive, dedicated, and optional) to those occasionally understudied in descriptive works and frequently neglected in comparative studies (valency-neutral, rather unpredictable, lexicalized, syncretic, and/or obligatory).

Author : Andreĭ Lʹvovich Malʹchukov,Martin Haspelmath,Bernard Comrie
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 793 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110220360

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Studies in Ditransitive Constructions by Andreĭ Lʹvovich Malʹchukov,Martin Haspelmath,Bernard Comrie Pdf

Explores the cross-linguistic variation in ditransitive constructions, syntactic patterns of 'give'-like verbs taking Agent, Theme and Recipient arguments. This volume includes a typological overview of ditransitive constructions, the editors' questionnaire, as well as studies of ditransitive constructions in languages from all over the world.

Author : Dongqi Li
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 355 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2023-05-16
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789811988219

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A Systemic Functional Typology of MOOD by Dongqi Li Pdf

The grammatical category of (sentence) mood has been of central interest to many branches of linguistics, including linguistic typology and systemic functional linguistics. This book is a successful integration of the typological and systemic functional approaches to mood, aiming to investigate the commonalities and variations across languages in both mood system and mood structure. To this aim, it establishes a geographically, genetically and typologically representative sample of 60 languages and provides detailed systemic functional descriptions of the mood system and mood structure of these languages. Based on such descriptions, it makes cross-linguistic comparisons of the mood system and mood structure of the languages in the sample. Structurally, it explores the cross-linguistic commonalities and variations in (i) the realizations of some major functional elements in mood structure, (ii) the realizations of mood options and (iii) the realizations of mood system. Systemically, it investigates how languages resemble and vary from each other in (i) the subtypes of major mood types, (ii) the organization of mood system and (iii) the semantic dimensions along which mood system is elaborated further in delicacy. Moreover, building on the descriptions and comparisons, it makes some generalizations about the structural and systemic features of mood and proposes some tentative explanations for the commonalities and variations languages display in mood system and mood structure. This book is an empirical and holistic approach to the typology of mood and contributes to a deeper understanding of the grammatical category. It is of special interest to systemic functional linguists, typologists, grammarians and descriptive linguists.

Author : Martin Haspelmath,Uri Tadmor
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 1104 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2009-12-22
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110218442

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Loanwords in the World's Languages by Martin Haspelmath,Uri Tadmor Pdf

This book is the first work to address the question of what kinds of words get borrowed in a systematic and comparative perspective. It studies lexical borrowing behavior on the basis of a world-wide sample of 40 languages, both major languages and minor languages, and both languages with heavy borrowing and languages with little lexical influence from other languages. The book is the result of a five-year project bringing together a unique group of specialists of many different languages and areas. The introductory chapters provide a general up-to-date introduction to language contact at the word level, as well as a presentation of the project's methodology. All the chapters are based on samples of 1000-2000 words, elicited by a uniform meaning list of 1460 meanings. The combined database, comprising over 70,000 words, is published online at the same time as the book is published. For each word, information about loanword status is given in the database, and the 40 case studies in the book describe the social and historical contact situations in detail. The final chapter draws general conclusions about what kinds of words tend to get borrowed, what kinds of word meanings are particularly resistant to borrowing, and what kinds of social contact situations lead to what kinds of borrowing situations.

Author : Ranko Matasović
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 217 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2018-05-24
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781108420976

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An Areal Typology of Agreement Systems by Ranko Matasović Pdf

The first areal-typological exploration of agreement systems in the world's languages.

Author : Julia Nintemann,Maja Robbers,Nicole Hober
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 601 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2020-07-20
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110672725

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Here – Hither – Hence and Related Categories by Julia Nintemann,Maja Robbers,Nicole Hober Pdf

As a follow-up study to the global comparison of spatial interrogatives (Studia Typologica 20), the present book examines the spatial declarative counterparts which are provided by the expression class of spatial deictic adverbs. In a functionally motivated typological approach, equivalents of Early Modern English here – hither – hence and there – thither – thence are identified across a sample of 250 languages from all macro-areas. These are also quantitatively assessed to extrapolate areal and global trends of coding patterns. The formal relationships between spatial interrogative and spatial declarative paradigms are analyzed with a focus on the syncretism of categories and of individual cells. Qualitative discussions of patterns precede in-depth treatments of problematic cases and other relevant issues related to the research topic. The quantitative results strongly point to areal linguistic trends concerning the distribution of distinct and non-distinct coding of the three spatial relations Place, Goal, and Source. Additional aspects such as quantitative evaluations of constructional complexity are addressed subsequently.

Author : Roberto Zariquiey,Masayoshi Shibatani,David W. Fleck
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing Company
Page : 672 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2019-08-08
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027262738

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Nominalization in Languages of the Americas by Roberto Zariquiey,Masayoshi Shibatani,David W. Fleck Pdf

Recent scholarship has confirmed earlier observations that nominalization plays a crucial role in the formation of complex constructions in the world’s languages. Grammatical nominalizations are one of the most salient and widespread features of languages of the Americas, yet they have not been approached as foundational grammatical structures for constructions such as relative clauses and complement clauses. This is due to an imbalance in past scholarship, which has tended to focus on these constructions at the expense of the nominalization structures underlying them. The papers in this collection treat grammatical nominalizations in their own right, and as a starting point for the investigation of their uses in complex grammatical structures. A representative sample of Amerindian languages, with focus on South America, examines properties of grammatical nominalizations such as their multiple functions, their internal and external syntax, and their diachronic development. Among the far-reaching theoretical conclusions reached by the studies in this volume is that the various types of relative clauses recognized in the typological literature are actually no more than epiphenomena arising from the different uses of grammatical nominalizations.

Author : Laura Becker
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 461 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2021-09-20
Category : Foreign Language Study
ISBN : 9783110724424

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Articles in the World’s Languages by Laura Becker Pdf

This study provides a systematic overview of articles and article systems in the world’s languages using a sample of 104 languages. Articles can be classified into 10 types according to their referential functions: definite, anaphoric, weak definite, recognitional, indefinite, presentational, exclusive-specific, nonspecific, inclusive-specific, and referential articles. All 10 types are described in detail with examples from various languages of the world. The book also addresses crosslinguistic trends concerning the distribution and the development of different article types, and it proposes a typology of article systems. The aim of this study is to provide a general crosslinguistic overview concerning the attested properties and distributions of articles. It is geared towards readers with interests in language typology and the nominal domain, and it can serve as a point of reference for language-specific studies of articles or determiners.