A Political History Of Big Science

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A Political History of Big Science

Katharina C. Cramer
A Political History of Big Science Book PDF

Author : Katharina C. Cramer
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 255 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2020-08-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030500498

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A Political History of Big Science by Katharina C. Cramer Pdf

This book investigates the political history of Big Science in Europe in the late twentieth century and the early twenty-first century, characterised by the founding histories of two collaborative, single-sited facilities namely the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble, France and the European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser (European XFEL) in Schenefeld, Germany. Under the heading of the other Europe, this book presents the history and politics of European Big Science as an alternative road to (Western) European integration besides the mainstream political integration process of the European Economic Community and the European Union. It shows that Big Science has a role to play in European politics and policymaking and that the crucial and unavoidable symbiosis between science, technology and politics brings the creation of Big Science projects back to geopolitical realities.

Big Science Transformed

Olof Hallonsten
Big Science Transformed Book PDF

Author : Olof Hallonsten
Publisher : Springer
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2016-10-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783319327389

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Big Science Transformed by Olof Hallonsten Pdf

This book analyses the emergence of a transformed Big Science in Europe and the United States, using both historical and sociological perspectives. It shows how technology-intensive natural sciences grew to a prominent position in Western societies during the post-World War II era, and how their development cohered with both technological and social developments. At the helm of post-war science are large-scale projects, primarily in physics, which receive substantial funds from the public purse. Big Science Transformed shows how these projects, popularly called 'Big Science', have become symbols of progress. It analyses changes to the political and sociological frameworks surrounding publicly-funding science, and their impact on a number of new accelerator and reactor-based facilities that have come to prominence in materials science and the life sciences. Interdisciplinary in scope, this book will be of great interest to historians, sociologists and philosophers of science.

Big Science and Research Infrastructures in Europe

Katharina C. Cramer,Olof Hallonsten
Big Science and Research Infrastructures in Europe Book PDF

Author : Katharina C. Cramer,Olof Hallonsten
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2020-08-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781839100017

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Big Science and Research Infrastructures in Europe by Katharina C. Cramer,Olof Hallonsten Pdf

This thought-provoking book expands on the notion that Big Science is not the only term to describe and investigate particularly large research projects, scientific collaborations and facilities. It investigates the significant overlap between Big Science and Research Infrastructures (RIs) in a European context since the early twenty-first century. Contributions to this innovative book not only augment the study of Big Science with new perspectives, but also launch the study of RIs as a promising new line of inquiry.

Big Science

Michael Hiltzik
Big Science Book PDF

Author : Michael Hiltzik
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 600 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2015-07-07
Category : History
ISBN : 9781451676037

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Big Science by Michael Hiltzik Pdf

The epic story of how science went “big” and the forgotten genius who started it all—“entertaining, thoroughly researched…partly a biography, partly an account of the influence of Ernest Lawrence’s great idea, partly a short history of nuclear physics and the Bomb” (The Wall Street Journal). Since the 1930s, the scale of scientific endeavor has grown exponentially. The first particle accelerator could be held in its creator’s lap, while its successor grew to seventeen miles in circumference and cost ten billion dollars. We have invented the atomic bomb, put man on the moon, and probed the inner workings of nature at the scale of subatomic particles—all the result of Big Science, the model of industrial-scale research paid for by governments, departments of defense, and corporations that has driven the great scientific projects of our time. The birth of Big Science can be traced nearly nine decades ago in Berkeley, California, when a young scientist with a talent for physics declared, “I’m going to be famous!” His name was Ernest Orlando Lawrence. His invention, the cyclotron, would revolutionize nuclear physics, but that was only the beginning of its impact, which would be felt in academia, industry, and international politics. It was the beginning of Big Science. “An exciting book….A bright narrative that captures the wonder of nuclear physics without flying off into a physics Neverland….Big Science is an excellent summary of how physics became nuclear and changed the world” (The Plain Dealer, Cleveland). This is the “absorbing and expansive” (Los Angeles Times) story that is “important for understanding how science and politics entwine in the United States…with striking details and revealing quotations” (The New York Times Book Review).

Between Science And Industry: Institutions In The History Of Materials Research

Robert P Crease
Between Science And Industry Institutions In The History Of Materials Research Book PDF

Author : Robert P Crease
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 755 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2024-04-22
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789811284359

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Between Science And Industry: Institutions In The History Of Materials Research by Robert P Crease Pdf

Materials science institutions have always been crucial to the development of materials research. Even before materials science emerged as a discipline in the 20th century, these institutions existed in various forms. They provided specialized facilities for research, educated new generations of researchers, drafted policies and funded programs, enabled valuable connections between research groups, or played any other role which were needed to further the progress of materials science.This volume, the third in a series of volumes covering the development and history of materials science, presents illuminating perspectives on material science institutions. Twenty chapters are organized into six comprehensive parts of which each cover a characteristic aspect or historical feature. True to the topic they write about, the contributors to this volume have varied backgrounds. Some are materials scientists and engineers, but others are historians, philosophers of science, sociologists, or even directors of institutions themselves. This comprehensive, unified collection is a valuable resource for undergraduates, graduate students, academics, policymakers and professionals who are actively interested in materials science and its development from the past to the future.

Political Science in History

James F. Farr,James Farr,John S. Dryzek,Stephen T. Leonard
Political Science in History Book PDF

Author : James F. Farr,James Farr,John S. Dryzek,Stephen T. Leonard
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1995-04-28
Category : History
ISBN : 052147955X

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Political Science in History by James F. Farr,James Farr,John S. Dryzek,Stephen T. Leonard Pdf

In this volume, scholars take up the challenge of disciplinary history by exploring the themes and movements that have shaped political science today.

Pursuing the Unity of Science

Harmke Kamminga,Geert Somsen
Pursuing the Unity of Science Book PDF

Author : Harmke Kamminga,Geert Somsen
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2016-05-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317073062

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Pursuing the Unity of Science by Harmke Kamminga,Geert Somsen Pdf

From 1918 to the late 1940s, a host of influential scientists and intellectuals in Europe and North America were engaged in a number of far-reaching unity of science projects. In this period of deep social and political divisions, scientists collaborated to unify sciences across disciplinary boundaries and to set up the international scientific community as a model for global political co-operation. They strove to align scientific and social objectives through rational planning and to promote unified science as the driving force of human civilization and progress. This volume explores the unity of science movement, providing a synthetic view of its pursuits and placing it in its historical context as a scientific and political force. Through a coherent set of original case studies looking at the significance of various projects and strategies of unification, the book highlights the great variety of manifestations of this endeavour. These range from unifying nuclear physics to the evolutionary synthesis, and from the democratization of scientific planning to the utopianism of H.G. Wells's world state. At the same time, the collection brings out the substantive links between these different pursuits, especially in the form of interconnected networks of unification and the alignment of objectives among them. Notably, it shows that opposition to fascism, using the instrument of unified science, became the most urgent common goal in the 1930s and 1940s. In addressing these issues, the book makes visible important historical developments, showing how scientists participated in, and actively helped to create, an interwar ideology of unification, and bringing to light the cultural and political significance of this enterprise.

Cities of Knowledge

Margaret O'Mara
Cities of Knowledge Book PDF

Author : Margaret O'Mara
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780691117164

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Cities of Knowledge by Margaret O'Mara Pdf

What is the magic formula for turning a place into a high-tech capital? How can a city or region become a high-tech powerhouse like Silicon Valley? For over half a century, through boom times and bust, business leaders and politicians have tried to become "the next Silicon Valley," but few have succeeded. This book examines why high-tech development became so economically important late in the twentieth century, and why its magic formula of people, jobs, capital, and institutions has been so difficult to replicate. Margaret O'Mara shows that high-tech regions are not simply accidental market creations but "cities of knowledge"--planned communities of scientific production that were shaped and subsidized by the original venture capitalist, the Cold War defense complex. At the heart of the story is the American research university, an institution enriched by Cold War spending and actively engaged in economic development. The story of the city of knowledge broadens our understanding of postwar urban history and of the relationship between civil society and the state in late twentieth-century America. It leads us to further redefine the American suburb as being much more than formless "sprawl," and shows how it is in fact the ultimate post-industrial city. Understanding this history and geography is essential to planning for the future of the high-tech economy, and this book is must reading for anyone interested in building the next Silicon Valley.

Knowledge and Power

William Burns
Knowledge and Power Book PDF

Author : William Burns
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 166 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2018-07-06
Category : History
ISBN : 9781351787581

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Knowledge and Power by William Burns Pdf

Knowledge and Power presents and explores science not as something specifically for scientists, but as an integral part of human civilization, and traces the development of science through different historical settings from the Middle Ages through to the Cold War. Five case studies are examined within this book: the creation of modern science by Muslims, Christians and Jews in the medieval Mediterranean; the global science of the Jesuit order in the early modern world; the relationship between "modernization" and "westernization" in Russia and Japan from the late seventeenth to the mid-nineteenth century; the role of science in the European colonization of Africa; and the rivalry in "big science" between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. Each chapter includes original documents to further the reader’s understanding, and this second edition has been enhanced with a selection of new images and a new chapter on Big Science and the Superpowers during the Cold War. Since the Middle Ages, people have been working in many civilizations and cultures to advance knowledge of, and power over, the natural world. Through a combination of narrative and primary sources, Knowledge and Power provides students with an understanding of how different cultures throughout time and across the globe approached science. It is ideal for students of world history and the history of science.

Governance of Science

Steve Fuller
Governance of Science Book PDF

Author : Steve Fuller
Publisher : McGraw-Hill Education (UK)
Page : 186 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1999-12-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780335231584

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Governance of Science by Steve Fuller Pdf

What does social and political theory have to say about the role of science in society? Do scientists and other professional enquirers have an unlimited 'right to be wrong'? What are the implications of capitalism and multiculturalism for the future of the university? This ground-breaking text offers a fresh perspective on the governance of science from the standpoint of social and political theory. Science has often been seen as the only institution that embodies the elusive democratic ideal of the 'open society'. Yet, science remains an elite activity that commands much more public trust than understanding, even though science has become increasingly entangled with larger political and economic issues. Fuller proceeds by rejecting liberal and communitarian ideologies of science, in favour of a 'republican' approach centred on 'the right to be wrong'. He shows how the recent scaling up of scientific activity has undermined the republican ideal. The centrepiece of the book, a social history of the struggle to render the university a 'republic of science' focuses on the potential challenges posed by multiculturalism and capitalism. Finally, drawing on the science policy of the US New Deal, Fuller proposes nothing short of a new social contract for 'secularizing' science.

A History of Technoscience

David F. Channell
A History of Technoscience Book PDF

Author : David F. Channell
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2017-06-14
Category : History
ISBN : 9781351977418

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A History of Technoscience by David F. Channell Pdf

Are science and technology independent of one another? Is technology dependent upon science, and if so, how is it dependent? Is science dependent upon technology, and if so how is it dependent? Or, are science and technology becoming so interdependent that the line dividing them has become totally erased? This book charts the history of technoscience from the late nineteenth century to the end of the twentieth century and shows how the military–industrial–academic complex and big science combined to create new examples of technoscience in such areas as the nuclear arms race, the space race, the digital age, and the new worlds of nanotechnology and biotechnology.

The Routledge Handbook of European Integrations

Thomas Hoerber,Gabriel Weber,Ignazio Cabras
The Routledge Handbook of European Integrations Book PDF

Author : Thomas Hoerber,Gabriel Weber,Ignazio Cabras
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 492 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2022-02-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780429557170

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The Routledge Handbook of European Integrations by Thomas Hoerber,Gabriel Weber,Ignazio Cabras Pdf

The Routledge Handbook of European Integrations fills a significant gap in the European studies literature by providing crucial and groundbreaking coverage of several key areas that are usually neglected or excluded in European integration collections. Whilst still examining the largest and most influential institutions, bodies and highly-funded policy areas as acknowledged dominant topics in European studies, it crucially does so with much greater balance by devoting equal billing to areas such as culture in European integration or new technologies and their impact on the EU. Organised around three main sections – culture, technology and ‘tangibles’ – the book: offers an authoritative ‘encyclopaedia’ to ‘alternative’ areas in European integration, from media, football, Erasmus and tourism, to transport, space, AI and energy; retains coverage of the dominant topics in European studies, such as the Eurozone, the Common Internal Market, or European law, but in balance with other areas of interest; and provides an essential companion to existing scholarship in European studies. The Routledge Handbook of European Integrations is essential reading and an authoritative reference for scholars, students, researchers and practitioners involved in, and actively concerned about, research in the study of European integration/studies. The Open Access version of Chapter 14 in this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Supersizing Science

Niki Vermeulen
Supersizing Science Book PDF

Author : Niki Vermeulen
Publisher : Universal-Publishers
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781599423647

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Supersizing Science by Niki Vermeulen Pdf

In recent years there has been a clear rise in scientific collaboration, as well as in studies on the subject. While most scholars examine disciplines traditionally known to be collaborative, such as physics and space research, this book focuses on biology. It investigates the growing collaboration in the life sciences, or the emergence of what is called 'big biology'. While the Human Genome Project is often presented as the first large-scale research project in biology, cooperation in the life sciences has a longer history. A comparison between centralised 'big physics' and 'big biology' reveals how the latter has a networked structure, which evolved in interaction with the integration of information and communication technologies. By concentrating on the construction of these networks, three contemporary large-scale research collaborations are analysed: the Census of Marine Life that aims to make an inventory of life in the oceans, the Silicon Cell initiative that wants to design a replica of a cell in a computer, and the VIRGO consortium, which investigates host-virus interaction to develop a new therapy against influenza. This book demonstrates how the process of making science bigger, or the 'supersizing of science', transforms the ways in which science is organised while it also changes the work of scientists involved. As such, this has both scholarly and professional implications for the next generation of scientists.

Science and Technology in the Global Cold War

Naomi Oreskes,John Krige
Science and Technology in the Global Cold War Book PDF

Author : Naomi Oreskes,John Krige
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 467 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2014-10-31
Category : History
ISBN : 9780262027953

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Science and Technology in the Global Cold War by Naomi Oreskes,John Krige Pdf

Investigations of how the global Cold War shaped national scientific and technological practices in fields from biomedicine to rocket science. The Cold War period saw a dramatic expansion of state-funded science and technology research. Government and military patronage shaped Cold War technoscientific practices, imposing methods that were project oriented, team based, and subject to national-security restrictions. These changes affected not just the arms race and the space race but also research in agriculture, biomedicine, computer science, ecology, meteorology, and other fields. This volume examines science and technology in the context of the Cold War, considering whether the new institutions and institutional arrangements that emerged globally constrained technoscientific inquiry or offered greater opportunities for it. The contributors find that whatever the particular science, and whatever the political system in which that science was operating, the knowledge that was produced bore some relation to the goals of the nation-state. These goals varied from nation to nation; weapons research was emphasized in the United States and the Soviet Union, for example, but in France and China scientific independence and self-reliance dominated. The contributors also consider to what extent the changes to science and technology practices in this era were produced by the specific politics, anxieties, and aspirations of the Cold War. Contributors Elena Aronova, Erik M. Conway, Angela N. H. Creager, David Kaiser, John Krige, Naomi Oreskes, George Reisch, Sigrid Schmalzer, Sonja D. Schmid, Matthew Shindell, Asif A. Siddiqi, Zuoyue Wang, Benjamin Wilson

The Evolution of Chemical Knowledge

Jürgen Jost,Guillermo Restrepo
The Evolution of Chemical Knowledge Book PDF

Author : Jürgen Jost,Guillermo Restrepo
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 130 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2022-10-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783031100949

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The Evolution of Chemical Knowledge by Jürgen Jost,Guillermo Restrepo Pdf

Chemistry shapes and creates the disposition of the world's resources and provides novel substances for the welfare and hazard of our civilisation at an exponential rate. Can we model the evolution of chemical knowledge? This book not only provides a positive answer to the question, it provides the formal models and available data to model chemical knowledge as a complex dynamical system based on the mutual interaction of the social, semiotic and material systems of chemistry. These systems, which have evolved over the history, include the scientists and institutions supporting chemical knowledge (social system); theories, concepts and forms of communication (semiotic system) and the substances, reactions and technologies (material system) central for the chemical practice. These three systems, which have traditionally been mostly studied in isolation, are brought together in this book in a grand historical narrative, on the basis of comprehensive data sets and supplemented by appropriate tools for their formal analysis. We thereby develop a comprehensive picture of the evolution of chemistry, needed for better understanding the past, present and future of chemistry as a discipline. The interdisciplinary character of this book and its non-technical language make it an ideal complement to more traditional material in undergraduate and graduate courses in chemistry, history of science and digital humanities.