A Probabilistic Analysis Of The Sacco And Vanzetti Evidence

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A Probabilistic Analysis of the Sacco and Vanzetti Evidence

Joseph B. Kadane,David A. Schum
A Probabilistic Analysis of the Sacco and Vanzetti Evidence Book PDF

Author : Joseph B. Kadane,David A. Schum
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2011-09-26
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781118186442

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A Probabilistic Analysis of the Sacco and Vanzetti Evidence by Joseph B. Kadane,David A. Schum Pdf

A Probabilistic Analysis of the Sacco and Vanzetti Evidence is aBayesian analysis of the trial and post-trial evidence in the Saccoand Vanzetti case, based on subjectively determined probabilitiesand assumed relationships among evidential events. It applies theideas of charting evidence and probabilistic assessment to thiscase, which is perhaps the ranking cause celebre in all of Americanlegal history. Modern computation methods applied to inferencenetworks are used to show how the inferential force of evidence ina complicated case can be graded. The authors employ probabilisticassessment to obtain opinions about how influential each group ofevidential items is in reaching a conclusion about the defendants'innocence or guilt. A Probabilistic Analysis of the Sacco and Vanzetti Evidence holdsparticular interest for statisticians and probabilists in academiaand legal consulting, as well as for the legal community,historians, and behavioral scientists. It combines structural andprobabilistic ideas in the analysis of masses of evidence fromevery recognized logical species of evidence. Twenty-eight chartsshow the chains of reasoning in defense of the relevance ofevidentiary matters and a listing of trial witnesses who providedthe evidence. References include nearly 300 items drawn from thefields of probability theory, history, law, artificialintelligence, psychology, literature, and other areas.

The Evidential Foundations of Probabilistic Reasoning

David A. Schum
The Evidential Foundations of Probabilistic Reasoning Book PDF

Author : David A. Schum
Publisher : Northwestern University Press
Page : 572 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : History
ISBN : 0810118211

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The Evidential Foundations of Probabilistic Reasoning by David A. Schum Pdf

In this work Schum develops a general theory of evidence as it is understood and applied across a broad range of disciplines and practical undertakings. He include insights from law, philosophy, logic, probability, semiotics, artificial intelligence, psychology and history.

Evidence Matters

Susan Haack
Evidence Matters Book PDF

Author : Susan Haack
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 445 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2014-07-28
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781107039964

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Evidence Matters by Susan Haack Pdf

Susan Haack brings her distinctive work in theory of knowledge and philosophy of science to bear on real-life legal issues.

The Sacco-Vanzetti Affair

Moshik Temkin
The Sacco Vanzetti Affair Book PDF

Author : Moshik Temkin
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2009-05-26
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780300156171

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The Sacco-Vanzetti Affair by Moshik Temkin Pdf

What began as the obscure local case of two Italian immigrant anarchists accused of robbery and murder flared into an unprecedented political and legal scandal as the perception grew that their conviction was a judicial travesty and their execution a political murder. This book is the first to reveal the full national and international scope of the Sacco-Vanzetti affair, uncovering how and why the two men became the center of a global cause celebre that shook public opinion and transformed America's relationship with the world. Drawing on extensive research on two continents, and written with verve, this book connects the Sacco-Vanzetti affair to the most polarizing political and social concerns of its era. Moshik Temkin contends that the worldwide attention to the case was generated not only by the conviction that innocent men had been condemned for their radical politics and ethnic origins but also as part of a reaction to U.S. global supremacy and isolationism after World War I. The author further argues that the international protest, which helped make Sacco and Vanzetti famous men, ultimately provoked their executions. The book concludes by investigating the affair's enduring repercussions and what they reveal about global political action, terrorism, jingoism, xenophobia, and the politics of our own time.

The Dynamics of Judicial Proof

Marilyn MacCrimmon,Peter Tillers
The Dynamics of Judicial Proof Book PDF

Author : Marilyn MacCrimmon,Peter Tillers
Publisher : Physica
Page : 491 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783790817928

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The Dynamics of Judicial Proof by Marilyn MacCrimmon,Peter Tillers Pdf

Fact finding in judicial proceedings is a dynamic process. This collection of papers considers whether computational methods or other formal logical methods developed in disciplines such as artificial intelligence, decision theory, and probability theory can facilitate the study and management of dynamic evidentiary and inferential processes in litigation. The papers gathered here have several epicenters, including (i) the dynamics of judicial proof, (ii) the relationship between artificial intelligence or formal analysis and "common sense," (iii) the logic of factual inference, including (a) the relationship between causality and inference and (b) the relationship between language and factual inference, (iv) the logic of discovery, including the role of abduction and serendipity in the process of investigation and proof of factual matters, and (v) the relationship between decision and inference.

Analysis of Evidence

Terence Anderson,David Schum,William Twining
Analysis of Evidence Book PDF

Author : Terence Anderson,David Schum,William Twining
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 437 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2005-07-11
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781139445269

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Analysis of Evidence by Terence Anderson,David Schum,William Twining Pdf

This extensively revised second edition is a rigorous introduction to the construction and criticism of arguments about questions of fact, and to the marshalling and evaluation of evidence at all stages of litigation. It covers the principles underlying the logic of proof; the uses and dangers of story-telling; standards for decision and the relationship between probabilities and proof; the chart method and other methods of analyzing and ordering evidence in fact-investigation, in preparing for trial, and in connection with other important decisions in legal processes and in criminal investigation and intelligence analysis. Most of the chapters in this new edition have been rewritten; the treatment of fact investigation, probabilities and narrative has been extended; and new examples and exercises have been added. Designed as a flexible tool for undergraduate and postgraduate courses on evidence and proof, students, practitioners and teachers alike will find this book challenging but rewarding.

Expert Evidence and Scientific Proof in Criminal Trials

Paul Roberts
Expert Evidence and Scientific Proof in Criminal Trials Book PDF

Author : Paul Roberts
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 558 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2017-07-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781351567398

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Expert Evidence and Scientific Proof in Criminal Trials by Paul Roberts Pdf

Forensic science evidence and expert witness testimony play an increasingly prominent role in modern criminal proceedings. Science produces powerful evidence of criminal offending, but has also courted controversy and sometimes contributed towards miscarriages of justice. The twenty-six articles and essays reproduced in this volume explore the theoretical foundations of modern scientific proof and critically consider the practical issues to which expert evidence gives rise in contemporary criminal trials. The essays are prefaced by a substantial new introduction which provides an overview and incisive commentary contextualising the key debates. The volume begins by placingforensic science in interdisciplinary focus, with contributions from historical, sociological, Science and Technology Studies (STS), philosophical and jurisprudential perspectives. This is followed by closer examination of the role of forensic science and other expert evidence in criminal proceedings, exposing enduring tensions and addressing recent controversies in the relationship between science and criminal law. A third set of contributions considers the practical challenges of interpreting and communicating forensic science evidence. This perennial battle continues to be fought at the intersection between the logic of scientific inference and the psychology of the fact-finder‘scommon sense reasoning. Finally, the volume‘s fourth group of essays evaluates the (limited) success of existing procedural reforms aimed at improving the reception of expert testimony in criminal adjudication, and considers future prospects for institutional renewal - with a keen eye to comparative law models and experiences, success stories and cautionary tales.

The Fitness of Information

Chaomei Chen
The Fitness of Information Book PDF

Author : Chaomei Chen
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 271 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2014-07-30
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781118594209

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The Fitness of Information by Chaomei Chen Pdf

Theories and practices to assess critical information in a complex adaptive system Organized for readers to follow along easily, The Fitness of Information: Quantitative Assessments of Critical Evidence provides a structured outline of the key challenges in assessing crucial information in a complex adaptive system. Illustrating a variety of computational and explanatory challenges, the book demonstrates principles and practical implications of exploring and assessing the fitness of information in an extensible framework of adaptive landscapes. The book’s first three chapters introduce fundamental principles and practical examples in connection to the nature of aesthetics, mental models, and the subjectivity of evidence. In particular, the underlying question is how these issues can be addressed quantitatively, not only computationally but also explanatorily. The next chapter illustrates how one can reduce the level of complexity in understanding the structure and dynamics of scientific knowledge through the design and use of the CiteSpace system for visualizing and analyzing emerging trends in scientific literature. The following two chapters explain the concepts of structural variation and the fitness of information in a framework that builds on the idea of fitness landscape originally introduced to study population evolution. The final chapter presents a dual-map overlay technique and demonstrates how it supports a variety of analytic tasks for a new type of portfolio analysis. The Fitness of Information: Quantitative Assessments of Critical Evidence also features: In-depth case studies and examples that characterize far-reaching concepts, illustrate underlying principles, and demonstrate profound challenges and complexities at various levels of analytic reasoning Wide-ranging topics that underline the common theme, from the subjectivity of evidence in criminal trials to detecting early signs of critical transitions and mechanisms behind radical patents An extensible and unifying framework for visual analytics by transforming analytic reasoning tasks to the assessment of critical evidence The Fitness of Information: Quantitative Assessments of Critical Evidence is a suitable reference for researchers, analysts, and practitioners who are interested in analyzing evidence and making decisions with incomplete, uncertain, and even conflicting information. The book is also an excellent textbook for upper-undergraduate and graduate-level courses on visual analytics, information visualization, and business analytics and decision support systems.

Roberts & Zuckerman's Criminal Evidence

Paul Roberts
Roberts Zuckerman s Criminal Evidence Book PDF

Author : Paul Roberts
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 1193 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2022-08-04
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780192557919

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Roberts & Zuckerman's Criminal Evidence by Paul Roberts Pdf

Roberts and Zuckerman's Criminal Evidence is the eagerly-anticipated third of edition of the market-leading text on criminal evidence, fully revised to take account of developments in legislation, case-law, policy debates, and academic commentary during the decade since the previous edition was published. With an explicit focus on the rules and principles of criminal trial procedure, Roberts and Zuckerman's Criminal Evidence develops a coherent account of evidence law which is doctrinally detailed, securely grounded in a normative theoretical framework, and sensitive to the institutional and socio-legal factors shaping criminal litigation in practice. The book is designed to be accessible to the beginner, informative to the criminal court judge or legal practitioner, and thought-provoking to the advanced student and scholar: a textbook and monograph rolled into one. The book also provides an ideal disciplinary map and work of reference to introduce non-lawyers (including forensic scientists and other expert witnesses) to the foundational assumptions and technical intricacies of criminal trial procedure in England and Wales, and will be an invaluable resource for courts, lawyers and scholars in other jurisdictions seeking comparative insight and understanding of evidentiary regulation in the common law tradition.

Legal Evidence and Proof

Henry Prakken,Hendrik Kaptein
Legal Evidence and Proof Book PDF

Author : Henry Prakken,Hendrik Kaptein
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2016-04-22
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781317106296

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Legal Evidence and Proof by Henry Prakken,Hendrik Kaptein Pdf

As a result of recent scandals concerning evidence and proof in the administration of criminal justice - ranging from innocent people on death row in the United States to misuse of statistics leading to wrongful convictions in The Netherlands and elsewhere - inquiries into the logic of evidence and proof have taken on a new urgency both in an academic and practical sense. This study presents a broad perspective on logic by focusing on inference not just in isolation but as embedded in contexts of procedure and investigation. With special attention being paid to recent developments in Artificial Intelligence and the Law, specifically related to evidentiary reasoning, this book provides clarification of problems of logic and argumentation in relation to evidence and proof. As the vast majority of legal conflicts relate to contested facts, rather than contested law, this volume concerning facts as prime determinants of legal decisions presents an important contribution to the field for both scholars and practitioners.

Philosophical Foundations of Evidence Law

Christian Dahlman,Alex Stein,Giovanni Tuzet
Philosophical Foundations of Evidence Law Book PDF

Author : Christian Dahlman,Alex Stein,Giovanni Tuzet
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 433 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2021-09-30
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780192603098

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Philosophical Foundations of Evidence Law by Christian Dahlman,Alex Stein,Giovanni Tuzet Pdf

Philosophy has a strong presence in evidence law and the nature of evidence is a highly debated topic in both general and social epistemology; legal theorists working in the evidence law area draw on different underlying philosophical theories of knowledge, inference and probability. Core evidentiary concepts and principles, such as the presumption of innocence, standards of proof, and others, reply on moral and political philosophy for their understanding and interpretation. Written by leading scholars across the globe, this volume brings together philosophical debates on the nature and function of evidence, proof, and law of evidence. It presents a cross-disciplinary overview of central issues in the theory and methodology of legal evidence and covers a wide range of contemporary debates on topics such as truth, proof, economics, gender, and race. The volume covers different theoretical approaches to legal evidence, including the Bayesian approach, scenario theory and inference to the best explanation. Divided in to five parts, Philosophical Foundations of Evidence Law, covers different theoretical approaches to legal evidence, including the Bayesian approach, scenario theory and inference to the best explanation.

With Malice Aforethought

Theodore W. Grippo
With Malice Aforethought Book PDF

Author : Theodore W. Grippo
Publisher : iUniverse
Page : 394 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781450280679

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With Malice Aforethought by Theodore W. Grippo Pdf

On April 15, 1920, five bandits robbed and killed a paymaster and his guard in a Boston suburb. The police charged Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti with the crime. They were local immigrant workers associated with a detested anarchist group. A year later, a jury convicted Sacco and Vanzetti of murder during a period of anti-communist hysteria in America. They were executed after six years of failed appeals, despite proven misconduct by prosecutors and the judge and a confessed participant in the crime who swore that the two Italians were not involved. Worldwide protests erupted. Millions claimed the two were framed and executed for their political beliefs. Author Ted Grippo takes the reader through the trial, disclosing and examining new documents and other recently discovered evidence supporting a conspiracy to frame Sacco and Vanzetti. While the debate over their guilt may continue for some, With Malice Aforethought will end the argument for many. * * * * "A comprehensive history of shocking abuses of the criminal justice system that resulted in the conviction and execution of Sacco and Vanzetti." -Greg Jones, former First Assistant US Attorney "An important story revealing the treatment of Italian immigrants in 1920s America." -Bill Dal Cerro, President, Italic Institute of America.

Bayesian Networks for Probabilistic Inference and Decision Analysis in Forensic Science

Franco Taroni,Alex Biedermann,Silvia Bozza,Paolo Garbolino,Colin Aitken
Bayesian Networks for Probabilistic Inference and Decision Analysis in Forensic Science Book PDF

Author : Franco Taroni,Alex Biedermann,Silvia Bozza,Paolo Garbolino,Colin Aitken
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 472 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2014-07-21
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781118914748

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Bayesian Networks for Probabilistic Inference and Decision Analysis in Forensic Science by Franco Taroni,Alex Biedermann,Silvia Bozza,Paolo Garbolino,Colin Aitken Pdf

Bayesian Networks “This book should have a place on the bookshelf of every forensic scientist who cares about the science of evidence interpretation.” Dr. Ian Evett, Principal Forensic Services Ltd, London, UK Bayesian Networks for Probabilistic Inference and Decision Analysis in Forensic Science Second Edition Continuing developments in science and technology mean that the amounts of information forensic scientists are able to provide for criminal investigations is ever increasing. The commensurate increase in complexity creates diffculties for scientists and lawyers with regard to evaluation and interpretation, notably with respect to issues of inference and decision. Probability theory, implemented through graphical methods, and specifically Bayesian networks, provides powerful methods to deal with this complexity. Extensions of these methods to elements of decision theory provide further support and assistance to the judicial system. Bayesian Networks for Probabilistic Inference and Decision Analysis in Forensic Science provides a unique and comprehensive introduction to the use of Bayesian decision networks for the evaluation and interpretation of scientific findings in forensic science, and for the support of decision-makers in their scientific and legal tasks. Includes self-contained introductions to probability and decision theory. Develops the characteristics of Bayesian networks, object-oriented Bayesian networks and their extension to decision models. Features implementation of the methodology with reference to commercial and academically available software. Presents standard networks and their extensions that can be easily implemented and that can assist in the reader’s own analysis of real cases. Provides a technique for structuring problems and organizing data based on methods and principles of scientific reasoning. Contains a method for the construction of coherent and defensible arguments for the analysis and evaluation of scientific findings and for decisions based on them. Is written in a lucid style, suitable for forensic scientists and lawyers with minimal mathematical background. Includes a foreword by Ian Evett. The clear and accessible style of this second edition makes this book ideal for all forensic scientists, applied statisticians and graduate students wishing to evaluate forensic findings from the perspective of probability and decision analysis. It will also appeal to lawyers and other scientists and professionals interested in the evaluation and interpretation of forensic findings, including decision making based on scientific information.

Innovations in Evidence and Proof

Paul Roberts,Mike Redmayne
Innovations in Evidence and Proof Book PDF

Author : Paul Roberts,Mike Redmayne
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 426 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2007-11-14
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781847313904

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Innovations in Evidence and Proof by Paul Roberts,Mike Redmayne Pdf

Innovations in Evidence and Proof brings together fifteen leading scholars and experienced law teachers based in Australia, Canada, Northern Ireland, Scotland, South Africa, the USA and England and Wales to explore and debate the latest developments in Evidence and Proof scholarship. The essays comprising this volume range expansively over questions of disciplinary taxonomy, pedagogical method and computer-assisted learning, doctrinal analysis, fact-finding, techniques of adjudication, the ethics of cross-examination, the implications of behavioural science research for legal procedure, human rights, comparative law and international criminal trials. Communicating the breadth, dynamism and intensity of contemporary theoretical innovation in their diversity of subject-matter and approach, the authors nonetheless remain united by a common purpose: to indicate how the best interdisciplinary theorising and research might be integrated directly into degree-level Evidence teaching. Innovations in Evidence and Proof is published at an exciting time of theoretical renewal and increasing empirical sophistication in legal evidence, proof and procedure scholarship. This groundbreaking collection will be essential reading for Evidence teachers, and will also engage the interest and imagination of scholars, researchers and students investigating issues of evidence and proof in any legal system, municipal, transnational or global.

Arguments, Stories and Criminal Evidence

Floris J. Bex
Arguments Stories and Criminal Evidence Book PDF

Author : Floris J. Bex
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2011-02-15
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789400701403

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Arguments, Stories and Criminal Evidence by Floris J. Bex Pdf

In this book a theory of reasoning with evidence in the context of criminal cases is developed. The main subject of this study is not the law of evidence but rather the rational process of proof, which involves constructing, testing and justifying scenarios about what happened using evidence and commonsense knowledge. A central theme in the book is the analysis of ones reasoning, so that complex patterns are made more explicit and clear. This analysis uses stories about what happened and arguments to anchor these stories in evidence. Thus the argumentative and the narrative approaches from the research in legal philosophy and legal psychology are combined. Because the book describes its subjects in both an informal and a formal style, it is relevant for scholars in legal philosophy, AI, logic and argumentation theory. The book can also appeal to practitioners in the investigative and legal professions, who are interested in the ways in which they can and should reason with evidence.