A Review And Evaluation Of Homology Hypotheses In Echinoderm Paleobiology

Author : Colin D. Sumrall,Sarah L. Sheffield,Jennifer E. Bauer,Jeffrey R. Thompson,Johnny A. Waters
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 91 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2023-04-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781009397162

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A Review and Evaluation of Homology Hypotheses in Echinoderm Paleobiology by Colin D. Sumrall,Sarah L. Sheffield,Jennifer E. Bauer,Jeffrey R. Thompson,Johnny A. Waters Pdf

The extraxial-axial theory (EAT) and universal elemental homology (UEH) are often portrayed as mutually exclusive hypotheses of homology within pentaradiate Echinodermata. EAT describes homology upon the echinoderm bauplan, interpreted through early post-metamorphic growth and growth zones, dividing it into axial regions generally associated with elements of the ambulacral system and extraxial regions that are not. UEH describes the detailed construction of the axial skeleton, dividing it into homologous plates and plate series based on symmetry, early growth, and function. These hypotheses are not in conflict; the latter is rooted in refinement of the former. Some interpretive differences arise because many of the morphologies described from eleutherozoan development are difficult to reconcile with Paleozoic forms. Conversely, many elements described for Paleozoic taxa by UEH, such as the peristomial border plates, are absent in eleutherozoans. This Element recommends these two hypotheses be used together to generate a better understanding of homology across Echinodermata.

Author : Elizabeth Petsios,Lyndsey Farrar,Shamindri Tennakoon,Fatemah Jamal,Roger W. Portell,Michał Kowalewski,Carrie L. Tyler
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2023-10-31
Category : Reference
ISBN : 9781108899840

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The Ecology of Biotic Interactions in Echinoids by Elizabeth Petsios,Lyndsey Farrar,Shamindri Tennakoon,Fatemah Jamal,Roger W. Portell,Michał Kowalewski,Carrie L. Tyler Pdf

This Element reviews the ecologies of skeletal trace-producing interactions on echinoids in Modern ecosystems and the recognition of those biogenic traces in the fossil record. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Author : William I. Ausich,Gary D. Webster
Publisher : Indiana University Press
Page : 474 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2008-07-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780253351289

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Echinoderm Paleobiology by William I. Ausich,Gary D. Webster Pdf

The dominant faunal elements in shallow Paleozoic oceans, echinoderms are important to understanding these marine ecosystems. Echinoderms (which include such animals as sea stars, crinoids or sea lilies, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers) have left a rich and, for science, extremely useful fossil record. For various reasons, they provide the ideal source for answers to the questions that will help us develop a more complete understanding of global environmental and biodiversity changes. This volume highlights the modern study of fossil echinoderms and is organized into five parts: echinoderm paleoecology, functional morphology, and paleoecology; evolutionary paleoecology; morphology for refined phylogenetic studies; innovative applications of data encoded in echinoderms; and information on new crinoid data sets.

Author : Bradley Deline
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 79 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2021-02-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781108898041

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Echinoderm Morphological Disparity: Methods, Patterns, and Possibilities by Bradley Deline Pdf

The quantification of morphology through time is a vital tool in elucidating macroevolutionary patterns. Studies of disparity require intense effort but can provide insights beyond those gained using other methodologies. Over the last several decades, studies of disparity have proliferated, often using echinoderms as a model organism. Echinoderms have been used to study the methodology of disparity analyses and potential biases as well as documenting the morphological patterns observed in clades through time. Combining morphological studies with phylogenetic analyses or other disparate data sets allows for the testing of detailed and far-reaching evolutionary hypotheses.

Author : David Meyer,Margaret Veitch,Charles G. Messing,Angela Stevenson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 75 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2021-02-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 1108810071

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Crinoid Feeding Strategies: New Insights From Subsea Video And Time-Lapse by David Meyer,Margaret Veitch,Charles G. Messing,Angela Stevenson Pdf

Modern videography provides an ever-widening window into subsea echinoderm life with vast potential for new knowledge. Supported by video evidence throughout, this Element begins with time-lapse video made in 1983 on film, using an off-the-shelf camera, flash, and underwater housings. Although quality has now been significantly improved by digital imagery, films from over thirty years ago captured crinoid feeding behavior previously unknown and demonstrated a great potential to learn about many other aspects of their biology. This sequence is followed by several examples of recent digital videography from submersibles of deep-sea crinoids and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) (stalked and unstalked), as well as close-up video of crinoids in aquaria. These recent studies enabled a new classification of crinoid arm postures, provided detailed views of food particle capture, and revealed a wide range of behaviors in taxa never before seen in life.

Author : Herbert Clifton Chadwick
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 1914
Category : Echinodermata
ISBN : UOM:39015068322067

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Echinoderm Larvae by Herbert Clifton Chadwick Pdf

Author : Richard A. Fariña,Sergio F. Vizcaíno,Gerry De Iuliis
Publisher : Indiana University Press
Page : 458 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2013-05-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780253007193

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Megafauna by Richard A. Fariña,Sergio F. Vizcaíno,Gerry De Iuliis Pdf

“An enjoyable read that provides a substantial amount of detail on the biology, ecology, and distribution of these fantastic animals . . . Highly recommended.” —Choice More than 10,000 years ago spectacularly large mammals roamed the pampas and jungles of South America. This book tells the story of these great beasts during and just after the Pleistocene, the geological epoch marked by the great ice ages. Megafauna describes the history and way of life of these animals, their comings and goings, and what befell them at the beginning of the modern era and the arrival of humans. It places these giants within the context of the other mammals then alive, describing their paleobiology—how they walked; how much they weighed; their diets, behavior, biomechanics; and the interactions among them and with their environment. It also tells the stories of the scientists who contributed to our discovery and knowledge of these transcendent creatures and the environment they inhabited. The episode known as the Great American Biotic Interchange, perhaps the most important of all natural history “experiments,” is also an important theme of the book, tracing the biotic events of both North and South America that led to the fauna and the ecosystems discussed in this book. “Collectively, this book brings attention to the discovery and natural history of ancient beasts in South America while providing a broader temporal and geographic background that allows readers to understand their evolution and potential immigration to South America.” —Quarterly Review of Biology “An excellent volume . . . This book is likely to facilitate progress in the understanding of fossil mammals from the Americas.” —Priscum

Author : Patricia Vickers-Rich,Thomas H. V. Rich
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Gondwana (Continent)
ISBN : 0253336430

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Wildlife of Gondwana by Patricia Vickers-Rich,Thomas H. V. Rich Pdf

Looks at the wildlife of the ancient supercontinent of Gondwana.

Author : Ralph E. Molnar
Publisher : Indiana University Press
Page : 346 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2004-03-30
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0253343747

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Dragons in the Dust by Ralph E. Molnar Pdf

What caused their extinction remains a mystery, and one that makes an intriguing conclusion to this portrait of a true dragon of the past.

Author : Antonio M. Solé-Cava,Claudia A.M. Russo,John P. Thorpe
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401721844

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Marine Genetics by Antonio M. Solé-Cava,Claudia A.M. Russo,John P. Thorpe Pdf

Our current knowledge of marine organisms and the factors affecting their ecology, distribution and evolution has been revolutionised by the use, in the last 20 years, of molecular population genetics tools. This book is the result of a meeting of world-leading experts, in Rio de Janeiro, where the state of the art of this field was reviewed. Topics covered include the molecular analysis of bio-invasions, the recent developments in marine biotechnology, the factors affecting levels of genetic variation and population structure in marine organisms and their application to conservation biology, fisheries and aquaculture. This is the first book dedicated to the genetic study of marine organisms. It will be very useful to biology students, scientists and anyone working or simply interested in areas such as marine biology, zoology, ecology, and population and molecular genetics.

Author : Winston Ponder,David R. Lindberg
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 496 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2008-03-25
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0520250923

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Phylogeny and Evolution of the Mollusca by Winston Ponder,David R. Lindberg Pdf

"Ponder and Lindberg provides a breathtaking overview of the evolutionary history of the Mollusca, effectively melding information from anatomy, ecology, genomics, and paleobiology to explore the depths of molluscan phylogeny. Its outstanding success is due to thoughtful planning, focused complementary contributions from 36 expert authors, and careful editing. This volume is a must for malacologists."—Bruce Runnegar, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles "Our understanding of the phylogeny and evolutionary history of the mollusca has been revolutionized over the past two decades through new molecular data and analysis, and reinvestigation of morphological characters. In this volume Ponder, Lindberg, and their colleagues do a wonderful job of integrating this work to provide new perspectives on the relationships of the major molluscan clades, their evolutionary dynamics, and their history. Particularly timely is the coverage of molluscan evo-devo and genomics."—Douglas H. Erwin, Curator of Paleozoic Invertebrates, National Museum of Natural History

Author : J.A. Musick,Michael N. Bruton,E.K. Balon
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401131940

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The biology of Latimeria chalumnae and evolution of coelacanths by J.A. Musick,Michael N. Bruton,E.K. Balon Pdf

Author : Noriyuki Satoh
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2016-07-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128030066

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Chordate Origins and Evolution by Noriyuki Satoh Pdf

Chordate Origins and Evolution: The Molecular Evolutionary Road to Vertebrates focuses on echinoderms (starfish, sea urchins, and others), hemichordates (acorn worms, etc.), cephalochordates (lancelets), urochordates or tunicates (ascidians, larvaceans and others), and vertebrates. In general, evolution of these groups is discussed independently, on a larger scale: ambulacrarians (echi+hemi) and chordates (cephlo+uro+vert). Until now, discussion of these topics has been somewhat fragmented, and this work provides a unified presentation of the essential information. In the more than 150 years since Charles Darwin proposed the concept of the origin of species by means of natural selection, which has profoundly affected all fields of biology and medicine, the evolution of animals (metazoans) has been studied, discussed, and debated extensively. Following many decades of classical comparative morphology and embryology, the 1980s marked a turning point in studies of animal evolution, when molecular biological approaches, including molecular phylogeny (MP), molecular evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo), and comparative genomics (CG), began to be employed. There are at least five key events in metazoan evolution, which include the origins of 1) diploblastic animals, such as cnidarians; 2) triploblastic animals or bilaterians; 3) protostomes and deuterostomes; 4) chordates, among deuterostomes; and 5) vertebrates, among chordates. The last two have received special attention in relation to evolution of human beings. During the past two decades, great advances have been made in this field, especially in regard to molecular and developmental mechanisms involved in the evolution of chordates. For example, the interpretation of phylogenetic relationships among deuterostomes has drastically changed. In addition, we have now obtained a large quantity of MP, evo-devo, and CG information on the origin and evolution of chordates. Covers the most significant advances in this field to give readers an understanding of the interesting biological issues involved Provides a unified presentation of essential information regarding each phylum and an integrative understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in the origin and evolution of chordates Discusses the evolutionary scenario of chordates based on two major characteristic features of animals—namely modes of feeding (energy sources) and reproduction—as the two main forces driving animal evolution and benefiting dialogue for future studies of animal evolution

Author : Michael J. Benton,David A. T. Harper
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 1001 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781118685402

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Introduction to Paleobiology and the Fossil Record by Michael J. Benton,David A. T. Harper Pdf

This book presents a comprehensive overview of the science of the history of life. Paleobiologists bring many analytical tools to bear in interpreting the fossil record and the book introduces the latest techniques, from multivariate investigations of biogeography and biostratigraphy to engineering analysis of dinosaur skulls, and from homeobox genes to cladistics. All the well-known fossil groups are included, including microfossils and invertebrates, but an important feature is the thorough coverage of plants, vertebrates and trace fossils together with discussion of the origins of both life and the metazoans. All key related subjects are introduced, such as systematics, ecology, evolution and development, stratigraphy and their roles in understanding where life came from and how it evolved and diversified. Unique features of the book are the numerous case studies from current research that lead students to the primary literature, analytical and mathematical explanations and tools, together with associated problem sets and practical schedules for instructors and students. “..any serious student of geology who does not pick this book off the shelf will be putting themselves at a huge disadvantage. The material may be complex, but the text is extremely accessible and well organized, and the book ought to be essential reading for palaeontologists at undergraduate, postgraduate and more advanced levels—both in Britain as well as in North America.” Falcon-Lang, H., Proc. Geol. Assoc. 2010 “...this is an excellent introduction to palaeontology in general. It is well structured, accessibly written and pleasantly informative .....I would recommend this as a standard reference text to all my students without hesitation.” David Norman Geol Mag 2010 Companion website This book includes a companion website at: www.blackwellpublishing.com/paleobiology The website includes: · An ongoing database of additional Practical’s prepared by the authors · Figures from the text for downloading · Useful links for each chapter · Updates from the authors

Author : S. Blair Hedges,Sudhir Kumar
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 1237 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2009-04-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780191608988

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The Timetree of Life by S. Blair Hedges,Sudhir Kumar Pdf

The evolutionary history of life includes two primary components: phylogeny and timescale. Phylogeny refers to the branching order (relationships) of species or other taxa within a group and is crucial for understanding the inheritance of traits and for erecting classifications. However, a timescale is equally important because it provides a way to compare phylogeny directly with the evolution of other organisms and with planetary history such as geology, climate, extraterrestrialimpacts, and other features.The Timetree of Life is the first reference book to synthesize the wealth of information relating to the temporal component of phylogenetic trees. In the past, biologists have relied exclusively upon the fossil record to infer an evolutionary timescale. However, recent revolutionary advances in molecular biology have made it possible to not only estimate the relationships of many groups of organisms, but also to estimate their times of divergence with molecular clocks. The routineestimation and utilization of these so-called 'time-trees' could add exciting new dimensions to biology including enhanced opportunities to integrate large molecular data sets with fossil and biogeographic evidence (and thereby foster greater communication between molecular and traditional systematists). Theycould help estimate not only ancestral character states but also evolutionary rates in numerous categories of organismal phenotype; establish more reliable associations between causal historical processes and biological outcomes; develop a universally standardized scheme for biological classifications; and generally promote novel avenues of thought in many arenas of comparative evolutionary biology.This authoritative reference work brings together, for the first time, experts on all major groups of organisms to assemble a timetree of life. The result is a comprehensive resource on evolutionary history which will be an indispensable reference for scientists, educators, and students in the life sciences, earth sciences, and molecular biology. For each major group of organism, a representative is illustrated and a timetree of families and higher taxonomic groups is shown. Basic aspects ofthe evolutionary history of the group, the fossil record, and competing hypotheses of relationships are discussed. Details of the divergence times are presented for each node in the timetree, and primary literature references are included. The book is complemented by an online database(www.timetree.net) which allows researchers to both deposit and retrieve data.