Echinoderm Paleobiology

Author : William I. Ausich,Gary D. Webster
Publisher : Indiana University Press
Page : 474 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2008-07-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780253351289

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Echinoderm Paleobiology by William I. Ausich,Gary D. Webster Pdf

The dominant faunal elements in shallow Paleozoic oceans, echinoderms are important to understanding these marine ecosystems. Echinoderms (which include such animals as sea stars, crinoids or sea lilies, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers) have left a rich and, for science, extremely useful fossil record. For various reasons, they provide the ideal source for answers to the questions that will help us develop a more complete understanding of global environmental and biodiversity changes. This volume highlights the modern study of fossil echinoderms and is organized into five parts: echinoderm paleoecology, functional morphology, and paleoecology; evolutionary paleoecology; morphology for refined phylogenetic studies; innovative applications of data encoded in echinoderms; and information on new crinoid data sets.

Author : Colin D. Sumrall,Sarah L. Sheffield,Jennifer E. Bauer,Jeffrey R. Thompson,Johnny A. Waters
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 91 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2023-04-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781009397162

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A Review and Evaluation of Homology Hypotheses in Echinoderm Paleobiology by Colin D. Sumrall,Sarah L. Sheffield,Jennifer E. Bauer,Jeffrey R. Thompson,Johnny A. Waters Pdf

The extraxial-axial theory (EAT) and universal elemental homology (UEH) are often portrayed as mutually exclusive hypotheses of homology within pentaradiate Echinodermata. EAT describes homology upon the echinoderm bauplan, interpreted through early post-metamorphic growth and growth zones, dividing it into axial regions generally associated with elements of the ambulacral system and extraxial regions that are not. UEH describes the detailed construction of the axial skeleton, dividing it into homologous plates and plate series based on symmetry, early growth, and function. These hypotheses are not in conflict; the latter is rooted in refinement of the former. Some interpretive differences arise because many of the morphologies described from eleutherozoan development are difficult to reconcile with Paleozoic forms. Conversely, many elements described for Paleozoic taxa by UEH, such as the peristomial border plates, are absent in eleutherozoans. This Element recommends these two hypotheses be used together to generate a better understanding of homology across Echinodermata.

Author : Jeffrey R. Thompson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2022-12-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781009189194

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Molecular Paleobiology of the Echinoderm Skeleton by Jeffrey R. Thompson Pdf

The echinoderms are an ideal group to understand evolution from a holistic, interdisciplinary framework. The genetic regulatory networks underpinning development in echinoderms are some of the best known for any model group. Additionally, the echinoderms have an excellent fossil record, elucidating in in detail the evolutionary changes underpinning morphological evolution. In this Element, the echinoderms are discussed as a model group for molecular palaeobiological studies, integrating what is known of their development, genomes, and fossil record. Together, these insights shed light on the molecular and morphological evolution underpinning the vast biodiversity of echinoderms, and the animal kingdom more generally.

Author : Imran A. Rahman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 46 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2020-11-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781108896498

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Computational Fluid Dynamics and its Applications in Echinoderm Palaeobiology by Imran A. Rahman Pdf

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), which involves using computers to simulate fluid flow, is emerging as a powerful approach for elucidating the palaeobiology of ancient organisms. Here, Imran A. Rahman describes its applications for studying fossil echinoderms. When properly configured, CFD simulations can be used to test functional hypotheses in extinct species, informing on aspects such as feeding and stability. They also show great promise for addressing ecological questions related to the interaction between organisms and their environment. CFD has the potential to become an important tool in echinoderm palaeobiology over the coming years.

Author : Bradley Deline
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 79 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2021-02-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781108898041

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Echinoderm Morphological Disparity: Methods, Patterns, and Possibilities by Bradley Deline Pdf

The quantification of morphology through time is a vital tool in elucidating macroevolutionary patterns. Studies of disparity require intense effort but can provide insights beyond those gained using other methodologies. Over the last several decades, studies of disparity have proliferated, often using echinoderms as a model organism. Echinoderms have been used to study the methodology of disparity analyses and potential biases as well as documenting the morphological patterns observed in clades through time. Combining morphological studies with phylogenetic analyses or other disparate data sets allows for the testing of detailed and far-reaching evolutionary hypotheses.

Author : Michael J. Benton,David A. T. Harper
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 661 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2020-06-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119272854

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Introduction to Paleobiology and the Fossil Record by Michael J. Benton,David A. T. Harper Pdf

This book presents a comprehensive overview of the science of the history of life. Paleobiologists bring many analytical tools to bear in interpreting the fossil record and the book introduces the latest techniques, from multivariate investigations of biogeography and biostratigraphy to engineering analysis of dinosaur skulls, and from homeobox genes to cladistics. All the well-known fossil groups are included, including microfossils and invertebrates, but an important feature is the thorough coverage of plants, vertebrates and trace fossils together with discussion of the origins of both life and the metazoans. All key related subjects are introduced, such as systematics, ecology, evolution and development, stratigraphy and their roles in understanding where life came from and how it evolved and diversified. Unique features of the book are the numerous case studies from current research that lead students to the primary literature, analytical and mathematical explanations and tools, together with associated problem sets and practical schedules for instructors and students. New to this edition The text and figures have been updated throughout to reflect current opinion on all aspects New case studies illustrate the chapters, drawn from a broad distribution internationally Chapters on Macroevolution, Form and Function, Mass extinctions, Origin of Life, and Origin of Metazoans have been entirely rewritten to reflect substantial advances in these topics There is a new focus on careers in paleobiology

Author : Michel Jangoux
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2020-08-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000162387

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Echinoderms by Michel Jangoux Pdf

This book is an outcome of the European colloquium on Echinoderms held at Brussels in 1979. It is divided into three major sections: paleontology, skeletal structures, and systematics and zoogeography. The book is useful for zoologists, scientists in zoology, and academics.

Author : William I. Ausich
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 79 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2021-02-11
Category : Reference
ISBN : 9781108896474

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Disarticulation and Preservation of Fossil Echinoderms: Recognition of Ecological-Time Information in the Echinoderm Fossil Record by William I. Ausich Pdf

The history of life on earth is largely reconstructed from time-averaged accumulations of fossils. A glimpse at ecologic-time attributes and processes is relatively rare. However, the time-sensitive and predictability of echinoderm disarticulation makes them model organisms to determine post-mortem transportation and allows recognition of ecological-time data within paleocommunity accumulations. Unlike many other fossil groups, this has allowed research on many aspects of echinoderms and their paleocommunities, such as the distribution of soft tissues, assessment of the amount of fossil transportation prior to burial, determination of intraspecific variation, paleocommunity composition, estimation of relative abundance of taxa in paleocommunities, determination of attributes of niche differentiation, etc. Crinoids and echinoids have received the most amount of taphonomic research, and the patterns present in these two groups can be used to develop a more thorough understanding of all echinoderm clades.

Author : Jennifer E. Bauer,Imran A. Rahman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 67 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2021-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781108899154

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Virtual Paleontology by Jennifer E. Bauer,Imran A. Rahman Pdf

Imaging and visualizing fossils in three dimensions with tomography is a powerful approach in paleontology. Here, the authors introduce select destructive and non-destructive tomographic techniques that are routinely applied to fossils and review how this work has improved our understanding of the anatomy, function, taphonomy, and phylogeny of fossil echinoderms. Building on this, this Element discusses how new imaging and computational methods have great promise for addressing long-standing paleobiological questions. Future efforts to improve the accessibility of the data underlying this work will be key for realizing the potential of this virtual world of paleontology.

Author : Michel Jangoux,John M. Lawrence
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 366 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2001-06-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9058093018

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Echinoderm studies 6 (2001) by Michel Jangoux,John M. Lawrence Pdf

This study is part of a series dedicated to the publication of reviews by experts of important topics in all areas of echinoderm studies, from molecular biology to ecology, palaeontology, biology and taxonomy. It addresses a range of topics in depth. The reviews seek to provide access to the field and to give direction to further study and research.

Author : Meyer, David L.
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2024-06-13
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781108899482

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Elements of Paleontology: Crinoid Feeding Strategies: New Insights from Subsea Video and Time-Lapse by Meyer, David L. Pdf

Author : Anthony J. Martin
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2023-06-02
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780226810478

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Life Sculpted by Anthony J. Martin Pdf

"As the co-discoverer of the first known burrowing dinosaur and a popular science author, Anthony J. Martin is an expert at explaining his fossil-finding work to broad audiences. In this engaging book, Martin uses modern and fossil traces to introduce readers to a menagerie of animals and other lifeforms that dig, crunch, bore, and otherwise reshape our planet. We meet elephants that dig ballroom-sized caves alongside volcanoes, parrotfishes that chew coral reefs and poop out sandy beaches, dinosaur-eating crocodiles, and moon snails that drill into clams, or even other moon snails. In a detective story that spans millions of years, ranging from microbes to whales, Martin shows how when life got hard, life got boring, using bodies and behavior to hide, eat, attack, and defend, affecting both our world and our understanding of evolution, climate, and life itself"--

Author : April Wright,Peter J. Wagner,David F. Wright
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 75 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2021-06-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 1009048848

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Testing Character Evolution Models in Phylogenetic Paleobiology by April Wright,Peter J. Wagner,David F. Wright Pdf

Macroevolutionary inference has historically been treated as a two-step process, involving the inference of a tree, and then inference of a macroevolutionary model using that tree. Newer models blend the two steps. These methods make more complete use of fossils than the previous generation of Bayesian phylogenetic models. They also involve many more parameters than prior models, including parameters about which empiricists may have little intuition. In this paper, we set forth a framework for fitting complex, hierarchical models. The authors ultimately fit and use a joint tree and diversification model to estimate a dated phylogeny of the Cincta (Echinodermata), a morphologically distinct group of Cambrian echinoderms that lack the five-fold radial symmetry characteristic of extant members of the phylum. Although the phylogeny of cinctans remains poorly supported in places, this Element shows how models of character change and diversification contribute to understanding patterns of phylogenetic relatedness and testing macroevolutionary hypotheses.

Author : Kazuya Kobayashi,Takeshi Kitano,Yasuhiro Iwao,Mariko Kondo
Publisher : Springer
Page : 790 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2018-06-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9784431566090

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Reproductive and Developmental Strategies by Kazuya Kobayashi,Takeshi Kitano,Yasuhiro Iwao,Mariko Kondo Pdf

This book provides new insights into the universality of biological systems in animal reproduction and development by a comparative study of a variety of mechanisms in animals ranging from basal invertebrates to vertebrates, including mammals. Animals accomplish genetic diversity through meiosis and fertilization, and during embryogenesis animals must produce specialized cell types, including germ cells, in accordance with their individual body plan. This series of phenomena is essential to the continuity of life in the animal kingdom, and animals show various reproductive and developmental strategies. This volume, comprising four parts, reviews animal kingdom diversity, including reproductive strategies and germ cell differentiation mechanisms (Part 1), sex determination and differentiation (Part2), the mechanisms of fertilization (Part 3), and body axis formation (Part 4). Readers will find descriptions of the reproduction or development of 180 species, 13 phyla, 35 classes, 74 orders, 117 families, and 151 genera in this book. Of particular interest is the diversity of molecules and mechanisms used to achieve the same biological purpose in different animals. Undergraduates, graduate students, and professional scientists who want a deeper understanding of animal reproductive and developmental mechanisms will find this book to be of great value.

Author : Jean-Pierre Feral,Bruno David
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2003-06-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9058095282

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Echinoderm Research 2001 by Jean-Pierre Feral,Bruno David Pdf

The Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates with a fossil record reaching back to the Precambrian. Major elements of the benthic macrofauna, they play a significant role in the dynamics of the ecosystems and are choice biological models in the life sciences, from ecology to genomics. This title offers 50 papers presented at the sixth European Conferences on Echinoderms (ECE), covering population biology, biodiversity, anatomy and functional morphology, physiology and behavior, biological cycles, and resource potential. This book reflects the great diversity of its contributors, offering an opportunity to cover a broad range of important questions in a single, authoritative reference.