A Typology Of Questions In Northeast Asia And Beyond

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A Typology of Questions in Northeast Asia and Beyond

Andreas Hölzl
A Typology of Questions in Northeast Asia and Beyond Book PDF

Author : Andreas Hölzl
Publisher : Saint Philip Street Press
Page : 542 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2020-10-09
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1013292014

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A Typology of Questions in Northeast Asia and Beyond by Andreas Hölzl Pdf

This study investigates the distribution of linguistic and specifically structural diversity in Northeast Asia (NEA), defined as the region north of the Yellow River and east of the Yenisei. In particular, it analyzes what is called the grammar of questions (GQ), i.e., those aspects of any given language that are specialized for asking questions or regularly combine with these. The bulk of the study is a bottom-up description and comparison of GQs in the languages of NEA. The addition of the phrase and beyond to the title of this study serves two purposes. First, languages such as Turkish and Chuvash are included, despite the fact that they are spoken outside of NEA, since they have ties to (or even originated in) the region. Second, despite its focus on one area, the typology is intended to be applicable to other languages as well. Therefore, it makes extensive use of data from languages outside of NEA. The restriction to one category is necessary for reasons of space and clarity, and the process of zooming in on one region allows a higher resolution and historical accuracy than is usually the case in linguistic typology. The discussion mentions over 450 languages and dialects from NEA and beyond and gives about 900 glossed examples. The aim is to achieve both a cross-linguistically plausible typology and a maximal resolution of the linguistic diversity of Northeast Asia. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.

A typology of questions in Northeast Asia and beyond

Andreas Hölzl
A typology of questions in Northeast Asia and beyond Book PDF

Author : Andreas Hölzl
Publisher : Language Science Press
Page : 543 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2018-08-29
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783961101023

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A typology of questions in Northeast Asia and beyond by Andreas Hölzl Pdf

This study investigates the distribution of linguistic and specifically structural diversity in Northeast Asia (NEA), defined as the region north of the Yellow River and east of the Yenisei. In particular, it analyzes what is called the grammar of questions (GQ), i.e., those aspects of any given language that are specialized for asking questions or regularly combine with these. The bulk of the study is a bottom-up description and comparison of GQs in the languages of NEA. The addition of the phrase and beyond to the title of this study serves two purposes. First, languages such as Turkish and Chuvash are included, despite the fact that they are spoken outside of NEA, since they have ties to (or even originated in) the region. Second, despite its focus on one area, the typology is intended to be applicable to other languages as well. Therefore, it makes extensive use of data from languages outside of NEA. The restriction to one category is necessary for reasons of space and clarity, and the process of zooming in on one region allows a higher resolution and historical accuracy than is usually the case in linguistic typology. The discussion mentions over 450 languages and dialects from NEA and beyond and gives about 900 glossed examples. The aim is to achieve both a cross-linguistically plausible typology and a maximal resolution of the linguistic diversity of Northeast Asia.

Discourse Phenomena in Typological Perspective

Alessandra Barotto,Simone Mattiola
Discourse Phenomena in Typological Perspective Book PDF

Author : Alessandra Barotto,Simone Mattiola
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing Company
Page : 447 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2023-03-15
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027254887

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Discourse Phenomena in Typological Perspective by Alessandra Barotto,Simone Mattiola Pdf

This book aims at investigating discourse phenomena (i.e., linguistic elements and constructions that help to manage the organization, flow, and outcome of communication) from a typological and cross-linguistic perspective. Although it is a well-established idea in functional-typological approaches that grammar is shaped by discourse use, systematic typological cross-linguistic investigations on discourse phenomena are relatively rare. This volume aims at bridging this gap, by integrating different linguistic subfields, such as discourse analysis, pragmatics, and typology. The contributions, both theoretically and empirically oriented, focus on a broad variety of discourse phenomena (ranging from discourse markers to discourse function of grammatical markers, to strategies that manage the discourse and information flow) while adopting a typological perspective and considering typologically distant languages.

Getting others to do things

Simeon Floyd,Giovanni Rossi,N. J. Enfield
Getting others to do things Book PDF

Author : Simeon Floyd,Giovanni Rossi,N. J. Enfield
Publisher : Language Science Press
Page : 435 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2024-05-17
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783961102785

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Getting others to do things by Simeon Floyd,Giovanni Rossi,N. J. Enfield Pdf

Getting others to do things is a central part of social interaction in any human society. Language is our main tool for this purpose. In this book, we show that sequences of interaction in which one person’s behaviour solicits or occasions another’s assistance or collaboration share common structural properties that provide a basis for the systematic comparison of this domain across languages. The goal of this comparison is to uncover similarities and differences in how language and other conduct are used in carrying out social action around the world, including different kinds of requests, orders, suggestions, and other actions brought together under the rubric of recruitment.

Tungusic languages: Past and present

Andreas Hölzl,Thomas E. Payne
Tungusic languages Past and present Book PDF

Author : Andreas Hölzl,Thomas E. Payne
Publisher : Language Science Press
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2022-10-20
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783961103959

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Tungusic languages: Past and present by Andreas Hölzl,Thomas E. Payne Pdf

Tungusic is a small family of languages, many of which are endangered. It encompasses approximately twenty languages located in Siberia and northern China. These languages are distributed over an enormous area that ranges from the Yenisey River and Xinjiang in the west to the Kamchatka Peninsula and Sakhalin in the east. They extend as far north as the Taimyr Peninsula and, for a brief period, could even be found in parts of Central and Southern China. This book is an attempt to bring researchers from different backgrounds together to provide an open-access publication in English that is freely available to all scholars in the field. The contributions cover all branches of Tungusic and a wide range of linguistic features. Topics include synchronic descriptions, typological comparisons, dialectology, language contact, and diachronic reconstruction. Some of the contributions are based on first-hand data collected during fieldwork, in some cases from the last speakers of a given language.

Metathesis and unmetathesis in Amarasi

Owen Edwards
Metathesis and unmetathesis in Amarasi Book PDF

Author : Owen Edwards
Publisher : Language Science Press
Page : 586 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2024-05-17
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783961102228

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Metathesis and unmetathesis in Amarasi by Owen Edwards Pdf

This book provides a complete analysis of synchronic CV -> VC metathesis in Amarasi, a language of western Timor. Metathesis and unmetathesis realise a paradigm of parallel forms, pairs of which occur to complement each other throughout the language. Metathesis in Amarasi is superficially associated with a bewildering array of disparate phonological processes including: vowel deletion, consonant deletion, consonant insertion and multiple kinds of vowel assimilation, any of which can (and do) vary by lect in their realisation. By proposing that Amarasi has an obligatory CVCVC foot in which C-slots can be empty, all these phonological processes can be straightforwardly derived from a single rule of metathesis and two associated phonological rules. Three kinds of metathesis can be identified in Amarasi: (i) Before vowel initial enclitics, roots must undergo metathesis, responding to the need to create a phonological boundary between a clitic host and enclitic. Such metathesis is phonologically condi- tioned. (ii) Metathesis occurs within the syntax to signal attributive modification. Such a metathesised form cannot occur at the end of a phrase and thus requires the presence of an unmetathesised form to complete it syntactically. (iii) In the discourse an unmetathe- sised form marks an unresolved event or situation. Such an unmetathesised form cannot occur in isolation and requires a metathesised form to achieve resolution. Metathesis in Amarasi is the central linguistic process around which linguistic struc- tures are organised. Amarasi metatheses also reflect fundamental Timorese notions of societal and cosmic organisation. Alongside weaving and other performed activities, metathesis is an important linguistic marker of identity in a region obsessed with similarities and differences between different groups. The complementarity of Amarasi metathesis and unmetathesis within the syntax and within discourse reflects the Timorese division of the world into a series of mutually dependent binary and complementary pairs. As well as being the key which unlocks the structure of the language, metathesis is also a reflection of the structure of Amarasi society and culture.

Grammatical gender and linguistic complexity I

Francesca Di Garbo , Bruno Olsson , Bernhard Wälchli
Grammatical gender and linguistic complexity I Book PDF

Author : Francesca Di Garbo , Bruno Olsson , Bernhard Wälchli
Publisher : Language Science Press
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2024-05-17
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783961101788

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Grammatical gender and linguistic complexity I by Francesca Di Garbo , Bruno Olsson , Bernhard Wälchli Pdf

The many facets of grammatical gender remain one of the most fruitful areas of linguistic research, and pose fascinating questions about the origins and development of complexity in language. The present work is a two-volume collection of 13 chapters on the topic of grammatical gender seen through the prism of linguistic complexity. The contributions discuss what counts as complex and/or simple in grammatical gender systems, whether the distribution of gender systems across the world’s languages relates to the language ecology and social history of speech communities. Contributors demonstrate how the complexity of gender systems can be studied synchronically, both in individual languages and over large cross-linguistic samples, and diachronically, by exploring how gender systems change over time. In addition to three chapters on the theoretical foundations of gender complexity, volume one contains six chapters on grammatical gender and complexity in individual languages and language families of Africa, New Guinea, and South Asia. This volume is complemented by volume two, which consists of three chapters providing diachronic and typological case studies, followed by a final chapter discussing old and new theoretical and empirical challenges in the study of the dynamics of gender complexity.

Grammatical gender and linguistic complexity II

Francesca Di Garbo ,Bruno Olsson ,Bernhard Wälchli
Grammatical gender and linguistic complexity II Book PDF

Author : Francesca Di Garbo ,Bruno Olsson ,Bernhard Wälchli
Publisher : Language Science Press
Page : 399 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2024-05-17
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783961101801

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Grammatical gender and linguistic complexity II by Francesca Di Garbo ,Bruno Olsson ,Bernhard Wälchli Pdf

The many facets of grammatical gender remain one of the most fruitful areas of linguistic research, and pose fascinating questions about the origins and development of complexity in language. The present work is a two-volume collection of 13 chapters on the topic of grammatical gender seen through the prism of linguistic complexity. The contributions discuss what counts as complex and/or simple in grammatical gender systems, whether the distribution of gender systems across the world’s languages relates to the language ecology and social history of speech communities. Contributors demonstrate how the complexity of gender systems can be studied synchronically, both in individual languages and over large cross-linguistic samples, and diachronically, by exploring how gender systems change over time. Volume two consists of three chapters providing diachronic and typological case studies, followed by a final chapter discussing old and new theoretical and empirical challenges in the study of the dynamics of gender complexity. This volume is preceded by volume one, which, in addition to three chapters on the theoretical foundations of gender complexity, contains six chapters on grammatical gender and complexity in individual languages and language families of Africa, New Guinea, and South Asia.

Bridging constructions

Valérie Guérin
Bridging constructions Book PDF

Author : Valérie Guérin
Publisher : Language Science Press
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2024-05-17
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783961101412

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Bridging constructions by Valérie Guérin Pdf

Many descriptive grammars report the use of a linguistic pattern at the interface between discourse and syntax which is known generally as tail-head linkage. This volume takes an unprecedented look at this type of linkage across languages and shows that there exist three distinct variants, all subsumed under the hypernym bridging constructions. The chapters highlight the defining features of these constructions in the grammar and their functional properties in discourse. The volume reveals that: Bridging constructions consist of two clauses: a reference clause and a bridging clause. Across languages, bridging clauses can be subordinated clauses, reduced main clauses, or main clauses with continuation prosody.Bridging constructions have three variants: recapitulative linkage, summary linkage and mixed linkage. They differ in the formal makeup of the bridging clause.In discourse, the functions that bridging constructions fulfil depend on the text genres in which they appear and their position in the text.If a language uses more than one type of bridging construction, then each type has a distinct discourse function.Bridging constructions can be optional and purely stylistic or mandatory and serve a grammatical purpose.Although the difference between bridging constructions and clause repetition can be subtle, they maintain their own distinctive characteristics.

Evidentiality, egophoricity and engagement

Henrik Bergqvist ,Seppo Kittilä
Evidentiality egophoricity and engagement Book PDF

Author : Henrik Bergqvist ,Seppo Kittilä
Publisher : Language Science Press
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2024-05-17
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783961102693

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Evidentiality, egophoricity and engagement by Henrik Bergqvist ,Seppo Kittilä Pdf

The expression of knowledge in language (i.e. epistemicity) consists of a number of distinct notions and proposed categories that are only partly related to a well explored forms like epistemic modals. The aim of the volume is therefore to contribute to the ongoing exploration of epistemic marking systems in lesser-documented languages from the Americas, Papua New Guinea, and Central Asia from the perspective of language description and cross-linguistic comparison. As the title of the volume suggests, part of this exploration consists of situating already established notions (such as evidentiality) with the diversity of systems found in individual languages. Epistemic forms that feature in the present volume include ones that signal how speakers claim knowledge based on perceptual-cognitive access (evidentials); the speaker’s involvement as a basis for claiming epistemic authority (egophorics); the distribution of knowledge between the speech-participants where the speaker signals assumptions about the addressee’s knowledge of an event as either shared, or non-shared with the speaker (engagement marking).

A grammar of Komnzo

Christian Döhler
A grammar of Komnzo Book PDF

Author : Christian Döhler
Publisher : Language Science Press
Page : 468 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2024-05-17
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783961101252

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A grammar of Komnzo by Christian Döhler Pdf

Komnzo is a Papuan language of Southern New Guinea spoken by around 250 people in the village of Rouku. Komnzo belongs to the Tonda subgroup of the Yam language family, which is also known as the Morehead Upper-Maro group. This grammar provides the first comprehensive description of a Yam language. It is based on 16 months of fieldwork. The primary source of data is a text corpus of around 12 hours recorded and transcribed between 2010 and 2015. Komnzo provides many fields of future research, but the most interesting aspect of its structure lies in the verb morphology, to which the two largest chapters of the grammar are dedicated. Komnzo verbs may index up to two arguments showing agreement in person, number and gender. Verbs encode 18 TAM categories, valency, directionality and deictic status. Morphological complexity lies not only in the amount of categories that verbs may express, but also in the way these are encoded. Komnzo verbs exhibit what may be called ‘distributed exponence’, i.e. single morphemes are underspecified for a particular grammatical category. Therefore, morphological material from different sites has to be integrated first, and only after this integration can one arrive at a particular grammatical category. The descriptive approach in this grammar is theory-informed rather than theory-driven. Comparison to other Yam languages and diachronic developments are taken into account whenever it seems helpful.

A grammar of Pichi

Kofi Yakpo
A grammar of Pichi Book PDF

Author : Kofi Yakpo
Publisher : Language Science Press
Page : 645 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2024-05-17
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783961101337

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A grammar of Pichi by Kofi Yakpo Pdf

Pichi is an Afro-Caribbean English-lexifier Creole spoken on the island of Bioko, Equatorial Guinea. It is an offshoot of 19th century Krio (Sierra Leone) and shares many characteristics with West African relatives like Nigerian Pidgin, Cameroon Pidgin, and Ghanaian Pidgin English, as well as with the English-lexifier creoles of the insular and continental Caribbean. This comprehensive description presents a detailed analysis of the grammar and phonology of Pichi. It also includes a collection of texts and wordlists. Pichi features a nominative-accusative alignment, SVO word order, adjective-noun order, prenominal determiners, and prepositions. The language has a seven-vowel system and twenty-two consonant phonemes. Pichi has a two-tone system with tonal minimal pairs, morphological tone, and tonal processes. The morphological structure is largely isolating. Pichi has a rich system of tense-aspect-mood marking, an indicative-subjunctive opposition, and a complex copular system with several suppletive forms. Many features align Pichi with the Atlantic-Congo languages spoken in the West African littoral zone. At the same time, characteristics like the prenominal position of adjectives and determiners show a typological overlap with its lexifier English, while extensive contact with Spanish has left an imprint on the lexicon and grammar as well.

Multi-verb constructions in Eastern Indonesia

Volker Unterladstetter
Multi verb constructions in Eastern Indonesia Book PDF

Author : Volker Unterladstetter
Publisher : Language Science Press
Page : 480 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2024-05-17
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783961102167

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Multi-verb constructions in Eastern Indonesia by Volker Unterladstetter Pdf

Constructions with multiple verbal elements have posed a long-standing challenge to linguistic analysis. Most studies of verb serialisation have been confined to single languages rather than looking at crosslinguistic patterns. This book provides the first in-depth account into the areal characteristics of multi-verb constructions (MVCs) in Eastern Indonesia. By collating published data as well as corpus data from 32 Austronesian and Papuan languages, the study traces commonalities as well as differences in MVC use across the area. Analysis takes place on two levels: first, the morpho-syntactic behaviour of MVCs is taken into account. As this plane of analysis arguably does not provide any meaningful insights into why MVCs are construed and used the way they are, a semantic account of MVCs is presented. One of the main hypotheses advanced in this book is that the crucial driving force behind multi-verb construals is semantic interaction between the verbs, leading to four principal techniques of event formation: merging, staging, modification, and free juxtaposition. The study aims at showing that while all four techniques are, to varying degrees, in use in Eastern Indonesian languages, the morpho-syntactic output does not necessarily mirror these underlying differences in event conception. Applying insights from Davidsonian event semantics as well as from predicate decomposition, the book provides a model of event interaction that helps to explain differences in MVC behaviour such as issues in constituent order or operator assignment.

Perspectives on information structure in Austronesian languages

Sonja Riesberg,Asako Shiohara , Atsuko Utsumi
Perspectives on information structure in Austronesian languages Book PDF

Author : Sonja Riesberg,Asako Shiohara , Atsuko Utsumi
Publisher : Language Science Press
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Austronesian languages
ISBN : 9783961101085

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Perspectives on information structure in Austronesian languages by Sonja Riesberg,Asako Shiohara , Atsuko Utsumi Pdf

Information structure is a relatively new field to linguistics and has only recently been studied for smaller and less described languages. This book is the first of its kind that brings together contributions on information structure in Austronesian languages. Current approaches from formal semantics, discourse studies, and intonational phonology are brought together with language specific and cross-linguistic expertise of Austronesian languages. The 13 chapters in this volume cover all subgroups of the large Austronesian family, including Formosan, Central Malayo-Polynesian, South Halmahera-West New Guinea, and Oceanic. The major focus, though, lies on Western Malayo-Polynesian languages. Some chapters investigate two of the largest languages in the region (Tagalog and different varieties of Malay), others study information-structural phenomena in small, underdescribed languages. The three overarching topics that are covered in this book are NP marking and reference tracking devices, syntactic structures and information-structural categories, and the interaction of information structure and prosody. Various data types build the basis for the different studies compiled in this book. Some chapters investigate written texts, such as modern novels (cf. Djenar’s chapter on modern, standard Indonesian), or compare different text genres, such as, for example, oral narratives and translations of biblical narratives (cf. De Busser’s chapter on Bunun). Most contributions, however, study natural spoken speech and make use of spoken corpora which have been compiled by the authors themselves. The volume comprises a number of different methods and theoretical frameworks. Two chapters make use of the Question Under Discussion approach, developed in formal semantics (cf. the chapters by Latrouite & Riester; Shiohara & Riester). Riesberg et al. apply the recently developed method of Rapid Prosody Transcription (RPT) to investigate native speakers’ perception of prosodic prominences and boundaries in Papuan Malay. Other papers discuss theoretical consequences of their findings. Thus, for example, Himmelmann takes apart the most widespread framework for intonational phonology (ToBI) and argues that the analysis of Indonesian languages requires much simpler assumptions than the ones underlying the standard model. Arka & Sedeng ask the question how fine-grained information structure space should be conceptualized and modelled, e.g. in LFG. Schnell argues that elements that could be analysed as “topic” and “focus” categories, should better be described in terms of ‘packaging’ and do not necessarily reflect any pragmatic roles in the first place.

On reconstructing Proto-Bantu grammar

Koen Bostoen,Gilles-Maurice de Schryver,Rozenn Guérois,Sara Pacchiarotti
On reconstructing Proto Bantu grammar Book PDF

Author : Koen Bostoen,Gilles-Maurice de Schryver,Rozenn Guérois,Sara Pacchiarotti
Publisher : Language Science Press
Page : 862 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2023-03-15
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783961104062

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On reconstructing Proto-Bantu grammar by Koen Bostoen,Gilles-Maurice de Schryver,Rozenn Guérois,Sara Pacchiarotti Pdf

This book is about reconstructing the grammar of Proto-Bantu, the ancestral language at the origin of current-day Bantu languages. While Bantu is a low-level branch of Niger-Congo, the world’s biggest phylum, it is still Africa’s biggest language family. This edited volume attempts to retrieve the phonology, morphology and syntax used by the earliest Bantu speakers to communicate with each other, discusses methods to do so, and looks at issues raised by these academic endeavours. It is a collective effort involving a fine mix of junior and senior scholars representing several generations of expert historical-comparative Bantu research. It is the first systematic approach to Proto-Bantu grammar since Meeussen’s Bantu Grammatical Reconstructions (1967). Based on new bodies of evidence from the last five decades, most notably from northwestern Bantu languages, this book considerably transforms our understanding of Proto-Bantu grammar and offers new methodological approaches to Bantu grammatical reconstruction.