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Many accounts of the secession crisis overlook the sharp political conflict that took place in the Border South states of Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri. Michael D. Robinson expands the scope of this crisis to show how the fate of the Border South, and with it the Union, desperately hung in the balance during the fateful months surrounding the clash at Fort Sumter. During this period, Border South politicians revealed the region's deep commitment to slavery, disputed whether or not to leave the Union, and schemed to win enough support to carry the day. Although these border states contained fewer enslaved people than the eleven states that seceded, white border Southerners chose to remain in the Union because they felt the decision best protected their peculiar institution. Robinson reveals anew how the choice for union was fraught with anguish and uncertainty, dividing families and producing years of bitter internecine violence. Letters, diaries, newspapers, and quantitative evidence illuminate how, in the absence of a compromise settlement, proslavery Unionists managed to defeat secession in the Border South.
Author : Paul C. Nagel Publisher : New York : Oxford University Press Page : 342 pages File Size : 43,9 Mb Release : 1964 Category : Federal government ISBN : 9780195000351
"The Union" meant meant many things to Americans in the years between the Revolution and the Civil War. Nagel's thesis is that the idea served as a treasure-trove of the values and images by which Americans tried to understand their nature and destiny. By tracing the idea of Union through the crucial, formative years of America's history, he makes clear the nature of the intellectual and emotional responses Americans have had to their country.
Powerful but divergent interests come together in the turbulent political climate of the US. They converge for a common purpose: to fragment the Union that was won so bitterly 150 years ago. In-the-woods libertarians who resented any governmental influence in their lives joined with religious conservatives who felt that modernity had just crossed too many lines. There were wounded men who could not stop themselves from blaming the government, and there were unprincipled opportunists who did not care what they did so long as they got paid. And there were those whose vocation had become self-aggrandizement, who shared the shallow morals of that group. Behind it all was money. In this era of American civilization, it was possible to amass eye-popping amounts of capital, and those who had it used it to amass even more. Opposing them are men and women who are neither rich nor powerful. There are responsible politicians who understand their charge to preserve the Union. There are responsible public servants who take their job as a public trust. And there are the outliers, patriots who use their sometimes-legal skills to preserve the USA in ways that trusted public officials cannot. Can war be avoided? Can the Union survive?
Indivisible? by Paul Martin Midden,Phd Paul Martin Midden Pdf
Powerful but divergent interests come together in the turbulent political climate of the US. They converge for a common purpose: to fragment the Union that was won so bitterly 150 years ago.
Author : Daniel J. Whelan Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press Page : 281 pages File Size : 44,9 Mb Release : 2011-06-06 Category : Political Science ISBN : 9780812205404
Human rights activists frequently claim that human rights are indivisible, and the United Nations has declared the indivisibility, interdependency, and interrelatedness of these rights to be beyond dispute. Yet in practice a significant divide remains between the two grand categories of human rights: civil and political rights, on the one hand, and economic, social, and cultural rights on the other. To date, few scholars have critically examined how the notion of indivisibility has shaped the complex relationship between these two sets of rights. In Indivisible Human Rights, Daniel J. Whelan offers a carefully crafted account of the rhetoric of indivisibility. Whelan traces the political and historical development of the concept, which originated in the contentious debates surrounding the translation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights into binding treaty law as two separate Covenants on Human Rights. In the 1960s and 1970s, Whelan demonstrates, postcolonial states employed a revisionist rhetoric of indivisibility to elevate economic and social rights over civil and political rights, eventually resulting in the declaration of a right to development. By the 1990s, the rhetoric of indivisibility had shifted to emphasize restoration of the fundamental unity of human rights and reaffirm the obligation of states to uphold both major human rights categories—thus opening the door to charges of violations resulting from underdevelopment and poverty. As Indivisible Human Rights illustrates, the rhetoric of indivisibility has frequently been used to further political ends that have little to do with promoting the rights of the individual. Drawing on scores of original documents, many of them long forgotten, Whelan lets the players in this drama speak for themselves, revealing the conflicts and compromises behind a half century of human rights discourse. Indivisible Human Rights will be welcomed by scholars and practitioners seeking a deeper understanding of the complexities surrounding the realization of human rights.
One hundred and fifty years after the end of the War Between the States, America finds itself embroiled in socio-political controversies that are resurrecting old issues with a new vigor. Among these issues are the proper relationship of the states to the federal government, and the question of whether a state has any right to secede from the Union should Washington's partisan hand grow too heavy. In response, some argue that these questions are meaningless, given the Union's victory over the Southern Confederacy in 1865. Others, however, argue that questions of right cannot be resolved by means of force, and that the only question the war answered is which side could win a military victory over the other. One Nation Indivisible? A Study of Secession and the Constitution takes a hard look at the issues involved with the question of secession in light of the Constitution and various objections raised by such noteworthy historical figures as Daniel Webster and Abraham Lincoln, men whose views have largely been accepted as gospel in political circles. More modern objections are also considered. In Part One, the Compact Theory of the Union is contrasted with the Nationalist Theory on such questions as when the Union began, whether it was created by the states or the American people as a whole, and what sort of government the Founding Fathers intended to give us. Part Two continues the discussion with a specific focus on Abraham Lincoln's arguments against the secessions of the Southern states in 1861. Among the issues examined here are whether the Union is perpetual, whether the states possess sovereignty, whether states would need the permission of the whole Union in order to secede, whether secession itself is the "essence of anarchy," and the circumstances under which the war between the United and Confederate States began. Part Three moves on to considering more modern arguments against secession, including the idea that secession is simply "un-American," whether the Constitution was suspended under Abraham Lincoln, whether the war between North and South was a moral crusade to end slavery, whether the question of secession should lie exclusively with the Supreme Court, and whether America is too important in world affairs to permit secession. Part Four concludes the study by examining current political trends and whether secession might have any place in America's future. Originally published in 2006, this edition is revised and updated. "The federal government's growth of power at the expense of individuals and natural human communities has been the trend so long now that it has seemed inevitable. But thoughtful people of late have been rediscovering the true decentralist origins of the United States. Robert Hawes states the case beautifully for the forgotten decentralist tradition - which may be our only hope for the preservation of freedom." - Clyde Wilson, Professor of History, University of South Carolina (review of the first edition)
Is secession legal under the United States Constitution? "One Nation, Indivisible?" takes a fresh look at this old question by evaluating the key arguments of such anti-secession men as Daniel Webster and Abraham Lincoln, in light of reason, historical fact, the language of the Constitution, and the words of America's Founding Fathers. Modern anti-secession arguments are also examined, as are the questions of why Americans are becoming interested in secession once again, whether secession can be avoided, and how an American state might peacefully secede from the Union.
The Webster-Hayne Debate on the Nature of the Union by Daniel Webster,Robert Young Hayne Pdf
The debates between Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Hayne of South Carolina gave fateful utterance to the differing understandings of the nature of the American Union that had come to predominate in the North and the South by 1830. To Webster, the Union was the indivisible expression of one nation of people. To Hayne, the Union was the voluntary compact among sovereign states. The Webster-Hayne Debate consists of speeches delivered in the United States Senate in January of 1830. Herman Belz is Professor of History at the University of Maryland. Please note: This title is available as an ebook for purchase on Amazon, Barnes and Noble, and iTunes.
St. Cyril of Alexandria's Metaphysics of the Incarnation by Sergey Trostyanskiy Pdf
Cyril of Alexandria is one of the major intellectuals of the early Byzantine Christian world. His approach to Christ is at the core of the classical Christian tradition, however, because his works were not translated into English in the post-Reformation environment, the precise implications of his "science of Christ" have been extensively misunderstood. This work seeks to reposition Cyril in the precise philosophical context to which he belonged, seeking, as he did, for a deliberate bridge-building between ecclesiastical biblical presuppositions and the semantic terms central to the Late Antique philosophical Academy, with which he understands the Church must communicate. This book seeks to lay bare the fundamental philosophical axioms of Cyril’s metaphysics of the Incarnation. To illuminate this, it investigates the fifth-century curriculum of metaphysical studies as followed in the academies of both Alexandria and Athens. Common to both Cyril and his Hellene contemporaries are the terms of theological speculation prevalent in the Commentaries on the Parmenides. This monograph applies the schema of theological analysis offered by the Commentators to Cyril’s metaphysics of the Incarnation to see how well it accounts for the precise terms of the Incarnational doctrine posited by Cyril. This study also endeavors to expound and evaluate the many previous (and heavily conflicting) scholarly accounts of Cyril’s intellectual agenda. It outlines various cognitive gaps associated with the macro arguments of the different positions, which by and large have underestimated Cyril’s philosophical acumen and ignored his own immediate academic context.
Toward a Perfected State is a testament to the philosophical genius of Paul Weiss. The discussions combine a variety of levels, from the most basic categorical distinctions to major figures such as Plato, Aristotle, Hegel, Marx, Rawls and Northrop, to classic documents such as the United States Constitution and the Federalist Papers, to practical social and political problems. Paul Weiss is Heffer Professor of Philosophy at the Catholic University of America. He founded the Metaphysical Society of America and The Review of Metaphysics. In a long and distinguished career, Dr. Weiss has published well over 20 books, among them is his multivolumed philosophical journal, Philosophy in Process, now published by SUNY Press.
Regardless of whether they owned slaves, Southern whites lived in a world defined by slavery. As shown by their blaming British and Northern slave traders for saddling them with slavery, most were uncomfortable with the institution. While many wanted it ended, most were content to leave that up to God. All that changed with the election of Abraham Lincoln. Rebels in the Making is a narrative-driven history of how and why secession occurred. In this work, senior Civil War historian William L. Barney narrates the explosion of the sectional conflict into secession and civil war. Carefully examining the events in all fifteen slave states and distinguishing the political circumstances in each, he argues that this was not a mass democratic movement but one led from above. The work begins with the deepening strains within Southern society as the slave economy matured in the mid-nineteenth century and Southern ideologues struggled to convert whites to the orthodoxy of slavery as a positive good. It then focuses on the years of 1860-1861 when the sectional conflict led to the break-up of the Union. As foreshadowed by the fracturing of the Democratic Party over the issue of federal protection for slavery in the territories, the election of 1860 set the stage for secession. Exploiting fears of slave insurrections, anxieties over crops ravaged by a long drought, and the perceived moral degradation of submitting to the rule of an antislavery Republican, secessionists launched a movement in South Carolina that spread across the South in a frenzied atmosphere described as the great excitement. After examining why Congress was unable to reach a compromise on the core issue of slavery's expansion, the study shows why secession swept over the Lower South in January of 1861 but stalled in the Upper South. The driving impetus for secession is shown to have come from the middling ranks of the slaveholders who saw their aspirations of planter status blocked and denigrated by the Republicans. A separate chapter on the formation of the Confederate government in February of 1861 reveals how moderates and former conservatives pushed aside the original secessionists to assume positions of leadership. The final chapter centers on the crisis over Fort Sumter, the resolution of which by Lincoln precipitated a second wave of secession in the Upper South. Rebels in the Making shows that secession was not a unified movement, but has its own proponents and patterns in each of the slave states. It draws together the voices of planters, non-slaveholders, women, the enslaved, journalists, and politicians. This is the definitive study of the seminal moment in Southern history that culminated in the Civil War.
In a searing analysis of the Civil War North as revealed in contemporary letters, diaries, and documents, Gallagher demonstrates that what motivated the North to go to war and persist in an increasingly bloody effort was primarily preservation of the Union.
