Abduction In Context

Author : Woosuk Park
Publisher : Springer
Page : 263 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2016-11-23
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319489568

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Abduction in Context by Woosuk Park Pdf

This book offers a novel perspective on abduction. It starts by discussing the major theories of abduction, focusing on the hybrid nature of abduction as both inference and intuition. It reports on the Peircean theory of abduction and discusses the more recent Magnani concept of animal abduction, connecting them to the work of medieval philosophers. Building on Magnani's manipulative abduction, the accompanying classification of abduction, and the hybrid concept of abduction as both inference and intuition, the book examines the problem of visual perception together with the related concepts of misrepresentation and semantic information. It presents the author's views on caricature and the caricature model of science, and then extends the scope of discussion by introducing some standard issues in the philosophy of science. By discussing the concept of ad hoc hypothesis generation as enthymeme resolution, it demonstrates how ubiquitous the problem of abduction is in all the different individual scientific disciplines. This comprehensive text provides philosophers, logicians and cognitive scientists with a historical, unified and authoritative perspective on abduction.

Author : Cosetta Cadau
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2015-03-31
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9789004289598

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Studies in Colluthus' Abduction of Helen by Cosetta Cadau Pdf

Studies in Colluthus’ Abduction of Helen situates this author within his cultural context of the Egyptian Thebaid of the late fifth century AD and provides a new appraisal of his work employing current interpretative perspectives.

Author : P.A. Flach,Antonis Hadjiantonis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 317 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2013-04-18
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9789401706063

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Abduction and Induction by P.A. Flach,Antonis Hadjiantonis Pdf

From the very beginning of their investigation of human reasoning, philosophers have identified two other forms of reasoning, besides deduction, which we now call abduction and induction. Deduction is now fairly well understood, but abduction and induction have eluded a similar level of understanding. The papers collected here address the relationship between abduction and induction and their possible integration. The approach is sometimes philosophical, sometimes that of pure logic, and some papers adopt the more task-oriented approach of AI. The book will command the attention of philosophers, logicians, AI researchers and computer scientists in general.

Author : Gianluca Caterina,Rocco Gangle
Publisher : Springer
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2016-09-13
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319442457

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Iconicity and Abduction by Gianluca Caterina,Rocco Gangle Pdf

This book consolidates and extends the authors’ work on the connection between iconicity and abductive inference. It emphasizes a pragmatic, experimental and fallibilist view of knowledge without sacrificing formal rigor. Within this context, the book focuses particularly on scientific knowledge and its prevalent use of mathematics. To find an answer to the question “What kind of experimental activity is the scientific employment of mathematics?” the book addresses the problems involved in formalizing abductive cognition. For this, it implements the concept and method of iconicity, modeling this theoretical framework mathematically through category theory and topoi. Peirce's concept of iconic signs is treated in depth, and it is shown how Peirce's diagrammatic logical notation of Existential Graphs makes use of iconicity and how important features of this iconicity are representable within category theory. Alain Badiou’s set-theoretical model of truth procedures and his relational sheaf-based theory of phenomenology are then integrated within the Peircean logical context. Finally, the book opens the path towards a more naturalist interpretation of the abductive models developed in Peirce and Badiou through an analysis of several recent attempts to reformulate quantum mechanics with categorical methods. Overall, the book offers a comprehensive and rigorous overview of past approaches to iconic semiotics and abduction, and it encompasses new extensions of these methods towards an innovative naturalist interpretation of abductive reasoning.

Author : Harry C. Bunt,W. J. Black
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 478 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2000-01-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027249838

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Abduction, Belief, and Context in Dialogue by Harry C. Bunt,W. J. Black Pdf

This title delves into the world of pragmatics; of abduction and induction, and looks at topics such as context modelling, and an activity-based approach to pragmatics, as well as discourse focus tracking.

Author : Ilkka Niiniluoto
Publisher : Springer
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2018-10-24
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319991573

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Truth-Seeking by Abduction by Ilkka Niiniluoto Pdf

This book examines the philosophical conception of abductive reasoning as developed by Charles S. Peirce, the founder of American pragmatism. It explores the historical and systematic connections of Peirce's original ideas and debates about their interpretations. Abduction is understood in a broad sense which covers the discovery and pursuit of hypotheses and inference to the best explanation. The analysis presents fresh insights into this notion of reasoning, which derives from effects to causes or from surprising observations to explanatory theories. The author outlines some logical and AI approaches to abduction as well as studies various kinds of inverse problems in astronomy, physics, medicine, biology, and human sciences to provide examples of retroductions and abductions. The discussion covers also everyday examples with the implication of this notion in detective stories, one of Peirce’s own favorite themes. The author uses Bayesian probabilities to argue that explanatory abduction is a method of confirmation. He uses his own account of truth approximation to reformulate abduction as inference which leads to the truthlikeness of its conclusion. This allows a powerful abductive defense of scientific realism. This up-to-date survey and defense of the Peircean view of abduction may very well help researchers, students, and philosophers better understand the logic of truth-seeking.

Author : Paula S. Fass
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Family & Relationships
ISBN : 0195311418

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Kidnapped by Paula S. Fass Pdf

A look at the history of child kidnappings and abductions in the United States, the motives of the perpetrators, the activities of the media, and the results in the law and in public opinions.

Author : John R. Shook,Sami Paavola
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2021-05-29
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783030617738

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Abduction in Cognition and Action by John R. Shook,Sami Paavola Pdf

This book gathers together novel essays on the state-of-the-art research into the logic and practice of abduction. In many ways, abduction has become established and essential to several fields, such as logic, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, philosophy of science, and methodology. In recent years this interest in abduction’s many aspects and functions has accelerated. There are evidently several different interpretations and uses for abduction. Many fundamental questions on abduction remain open. How is abduction manifested in human cognition and intelligence? What kinds or types of abduction can be discerned? What is the role for abduction in inquiry and mathematical discovery? The chapters aim at providing answer to these and other current questions. Their contributors have been at the forefront of discussions on abduction, and offer here their updated approaches to the issues that they consider central to abduction’s contemporary relevance. The book is an essential reading for any scholar or professional keeping up with disciplines impacted by the study of abductive reasoning, and its novel development and applications in various fields.

Author : Colluthus (of Lycopolis.)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 1786
Category : Ballad operas
ISBN : PRNC:32101065186734

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The Rape of Helen by Colluthus (of Lycopolis.) Pdf

Author : Igor Douven
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 371 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2022-05-03
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262046701

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The Art of Abduction by Igor Douven Pdf

A novel defense of abduction, one of the main forms of nondeductive reasoning. With this book, Igor Douven offers the first comprehensive defense of abduction, a form of nondeductive reasoning. Abductive reasoning, which is guided by explanatory considerations, has been under normative pressure since the advent of Bayesian approaches to rationality. Douven argues that, although it deviates from Bayesian tenets, abduction is nonetheless rational. Drawing on scientific results, in particular those from reasoning research, and using computer simulations, Douven addresses the main critiques of abduction. He shows that versions of abduction can perform better than the currently popular Bayesian approaches—and can even do the sort of heavy lifting that philosophers have hoped it would do. Douven examines abduction in detail, comparing it to other modes of inference, explaining its historical roots, discussing various definitions of abduction given in the philosophical literature, and addressing the problem of underdetermination. He looks at reasoning research that investigates how judgments of explanation quality affect people’s beliefs and especially their changes of belief. He considers the two main objections to abduction, the dynamic Dutch book argument, and the inaccuracy-minimization argument, and then gives abduction a positive grounding, using agent-based models to show the superiority of abduction in some contexts. Finally, he puts abduction to work in a well-known underdetermination argument, the argument for skepticism regarding the external world.

Author : Thalia Kruger
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2011-08-03
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781847318565

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International Child Abduction by Thalia Kruger Pdf

International child abduction occurs when one parent wrongfully (ie in breach of the parental responsibility of the other parent) takes a child to a country other than that of the child's habitual residence, or wrongfully keeps a child in such country. The author of this work was part of a research team that conducted a study, partially funded by the European Commission, to examine this problem in Belgium and Hungary, analysing cases from 2007 and 2008 and interviewing affected parents. This book is a revised version of the Belgian research report, which sets the problem of child abduction within its international context. It looks at the families in which abductions took place, how preparations were made for abduction, the quest for the return of the child (including legal proceedings) and the aftermath of the abductions. Throughout the book, the results of the quantitative and qualitative data are explained. What emerges is that when a child is abducted, the solutions offered by the law are often inadequate. Family conflict is a complex societal issue, and child abduction is a severe form of family conflict. Rather than responding to child abduction with strict and contentious legal proceedings, the book argues that solutions based on respect, psychological assistance, and a search for consensus should be favoured.

Author : Shyamkrishna Balganesh,Ted M. Sichelman,Henry E. Smith
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 553 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2022-07-28
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781107192881

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Wesley Hohfeld A Century Later by Shyamkrishna Balganesh,Ted M. Sichelman,Henry E. Smith Pdf

With newly uncovered personal papers, this volume offers in-depth analysis of Wesley Hohfeld's pioneering contributions to legal theory.

Author : Gabriella Airenti,Marco Cruciani,Alessio Plebe
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2017-04-03
Category : Electronic book
ISBN : 9782889451425

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Context in Communication: A Cognitive View by Gabriella Airenti,Marco Cruciani,Alessio Plebe Pdf

Context is what contributes to interpret a communicative act beyond the spoken words. It provides information essential to clarify the intentions of a speaker, and thus to identify the actual meaning of an utterance. A large amount of research in Pragmatics has shown how wide-ranging and multifaceted this concept can be. Context spans from the preceding words in a conversation to the general knowledge that the interlocutors supposedly share, from the perceived environment to features and traits that the participants in a dialogue attribute to each other. This last category is also very broad, since it includes mental and emotional states, together with culturally constructed knowledge, such as the reciprocal identification of social roles and positions. The assumption of a cognitive point of view brings to the foreground a number of new questions regarding how information about the context is organized in the mind and how this kind of knowledge is used in specific communicative situations. A related, very important question concerns the role played in this process by theory of mind abilities (ToM), both in typical and atypical populations. In this Research Topic, we bring together articles that address different aspects of context analysis from theoretical and empirical perspectives, integrating knowledge and methods derived from Philosophy of language, Linguistics, Cognitive Science, Cognitive Neuroscience, Developmental and Clinical Psychology.

Author : Linda Gordon
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 433 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2011-02-09
Category : History
ISBN : 9780674061712

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The Great Arizona Orphan Abduction by Linda Gordon Pdf

In 1904, New York nuns brought forty Irish orphans to a remote Arizona mining camp, to be placed with Catholic families. The Catholic families were Mexican, as was the majority of the population. Soon the town's Anglos, furious at this "interracial" transgression, formed a vigilante squad that kidnapped the children and nearly lynched the nuns and the local priest. The Catholic Church sued to get its wards back, but all the courts, including the U.S. Supreme Court, ruled in favor of the vigilantes. The Great Arizona Orphan Abduction tells this disturbing and dramatic tale to illuminate the creation of racial boundaries along the Mexican border. Clifton/Morenci, Arizona, was a "wild West" boomtown, where the mines and smelters pulled in thousands of Mexican immigrant workers. Racial walls hardened as the mines became big business and whiteness became a marker of superiority. These already volatile race and class relations produced passions that erupted in the "orphan incident." To the Anglos of Clifton/Morenci, placing a white child with a Mexican family was tantamount to child abuse, and they saw their kidnapping as a rescue. Women initiated both sides of this confrontation. Mexican women agreed to take in these orphans, both serving their church and asserting a maternal prerogative; Anglo women believed they had to "save" the orphans, and they organized a vigilante squad to do it. In retelling this nearly forgotten piece of American history, Linda Gordon brilliantly recreates and dissects the tangled intersection of family and racial values, in a gripping story that resonates with today's conflicts over the "best interests of the child."

Author : David B. Teplow
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 415 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2023-08-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781009445276

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The Philosophy and Practice of Science by David B. Teplow Pdf

This book is a novel synthesis of the philosophy and practice of science, covering its diverse theoretical, metaphysical, logical, philosophical, and practical elements. The process of science is generally taught in its empirical form: what science is, how it works, what it has achieved, and what it might achieve in the future. What is often absent is how to think deeply about science and how to apply its lessons in the pursuit of truth, in other words, knowing how to know. In this volume, David Teplow presents illustrative examples of science practice, history and philosophy of science, and sociological aspects of the scientific community, to address commonalities among these disciplines. In doing so, he challenges cherished beliefs and suggests to students, philosophers, and practicing scientists new, epistemically superior, ways of thinking about and doing science.