Accelerating Progress In Improving Diets And Nutrition In Ethiopia

Author : Baye, Kaleab,Hirvonen, Kalle
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 33 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2020-06-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Accelerating progress in improving diets and nutrition in Ethiopia by Baye, Kaleab,Hirvonen, Kalle Pdf

Ethiopia has witnessed significant reductions in child mortality, undernutrition, and communicable diseases, but more substantial and faster progress is still needed. The rise in obesity and in noncommunicable diseases, particularly in urban areas, is alarming and requires urgent policy and programmatic attention. Unhealthy diets drive both undernutrition and obesity and are the underlying cause of significant proportion of both communicable and non-communicable diseases. Maintaining the relatively high breastfeeding practices and increasing the diversity of diets will be critical to improving nutrition in Ethiopia. Implementation of effective nutrition messaging that shapes consumer behavior to adopt healthy dietary patterns, while bridging gaps in both the reach and the quality of such messaging is warranted. The health extension program, which is the cornerstone of the transformation of the health sector, may need to be redesigned in a way that improves its reach and the quality of the services it provides and minimizes the risk of burnout of frontline health workers. Interventions focusing on making healthy diets available, affordable, and accessible are urgently needed.

Author : Baye, Kaleab,Hirvonen, Kalle
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 4 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2020-06-16
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Synopsis: Accelerating progress in improving diets and nutrition in Ethiopia by Baye, Kaleab,Hirvonen, Kalle Pdf

Ethiopia has witnessed significant reductions in child mortality, undernutrition and communicable diseases, but more substantial and faster progress is still needed. The rise in overweight and obesity and in non-communicable diseases, particularly in urban areas, is alarming and requires urgent policy and programmatic attention. Unhealthy diets are the drivers of both forms of malnutrition and are the underlying cause of significant proportion of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Maintaining the relatively high breastfeeding practices and increasing the diversity of diets will be critical. Implementation of effective nutrition messaging that shapes consumer behavior to adopt healthy dietary patterns, while bridging gaps in reach and quality of nutrition messaging is warranted. The health extension program that is the cornerstone of the health sector transformation may need to be redesigned in a way that improves reach, quality, and minimize the risk of burnout of frontline health workers. Interventions focusing on making healthy diets affordable, accessible and available are urgently needed.

Author : International Food Policy Research Institute
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 118 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2014-11-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780896295643

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Global Nutrition Report 2014 by International Food Policy Research Institute Pdf

At the 2013 Nutrition for Growth Summit in London, 96 signatories (governments, civil society organizations, donors, United Nations’ agencies, and businesses) agreed to support the creation of an annual report on global nutrition that would be authored by an independent expert group, in partnership with a large number of contributors. The first edition of this report, the Global Nutrition Report 2014, puts a spotlight on worldwide progress by the 193 member countries of the United Nations in improving their nutrition status, identifies bottlenecks to change, highlights opportunities for action, and contributes to strengthened nutrition accountability on country and global levels.

Author : Hirvonen, Kalle,Mohammed, Belay,Tamru, Seneshaw,Abate, Gashaw Tadesse,Minten, Bart
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2021-11-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Vegetable value chains during the COVID- 19 pandemic in Ethiopia: Evidence from cascading value chain surveys before and during the pandemic by Hirvonen, Kalle,Mohammed, Belay,Tamru, Seneshaw,Abate, Gashaw Tadesse,Minten, Bart Pdf

We combine in-person survey data collected in February 2020 (i.e., just before the pandemic was declared) with phone survey data collected in March 2021 (i.e., one year into the pandemic) and August 2021 (i.e., approximately 18 months into the pandemic) to study how vegetable value chains in Ethiopia have coped with the COVID-19 pandemic. Focusing on the major vegetable value chain connecting farmers in East Shewa zone to consumers in Addis Ababa, we applied a cascading survey approach in which we collected data at all levels of the value chain: vegetable farmers, urban wholesalers, and retailers.

Author : Melesse, Mequanint B.,Van den berg, Marrit,Béné, Christophe,Brouwer, Inge D,de Brauw, Alan
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2024-06-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Improving diets through food systems in low- and middle-income countries: Metrics for analysis by Melesse, Mequanint B.,Van den berg, Marrit,Béné, Christophe,Brouwer, Inge D,de Brauw, Alan Pdf

Taking a food systems approach is a promising strategy for improving diets. Implementing such an approach would require the use of a comprehensive set of metrics to characterize food systems, set meaningful goals, track food systems performance, and evaluate the impacts of food systems interventions. Food systems metrics are also useful to structure debates and communicate to policy makers and the general public. This paper provides an updated analytical framework of food systems and uses this to systematically identify relevant metrics and indicators based on data availability in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The list of indicators partly overlaps with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) indicators, but these do not cover all aspects of the food system. We conclude that public data are relatively available on food systems drivers and outcomes, and on some, but not all, of the activities. With only minor additional investments, existing surveys could be extended to cove

Author : Minten, Bart,Mohammed, Belay,Tamru, Seneshaw
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 25 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2020-08-14
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Emerging medium-scale tenant farming, gig economies, and the COVID-19 disruption: Evidence from commercial vegetable clusters in Ethiopia by Minten, Bart,Mohammed, Belay,Tamru, Seneshaw Pdf

Driven by the fast spread of private irrigation pumps, there has been a rapid expansion of intensive vegetable cultivation in the central Rift Valley in Ethiopia, making it the most important commercial vegetable production cluster in the country. Supporting that “quiet revolution” has been an inflow of migrant laborers – paid through daily, monthly, or piecemeal contracts, with few employment benefits attached to them – and a gig economy as widely-used contractors organize, among others, mechanized land preparation, the digging of wells and ponds, seedling propagation, and loading of trucks. Almost 60 percent of the irrigated area is cultivated by medium-scale tenant farmers relying on short-term rental contracts. It seems that gig economies characterized by flexible contract arrangements implemented by outside contractors, which are increasingly fueling sophisticated sectors in developed countries, are important in these commercial agrarian settings in Africa as well. We further find that the COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant disruptions of this model, as seen by more limited access to services and the unavailability or high price increases in factor markets, especially for labor. We further note large but heterogenous price changes in output markets. The pandemic seems especially to have had important effects on the medium-scale tenant farmers as they depend relatively more than smallholders on outside inputs, labor markets, and these gig economies. However, on the other hand, they benefit more than smallholders from favorable output markets for vegetables.

Author : Yimer, Feiruz,Minten, Bart,Hirvonen, Kalle,Bachewe, Fantu Nisrane
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 4 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2017-06-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The rising costs of nutritious foods in Ethiopia by Yimer, Feiruz,Minten, Bart,Hirvonen, Kalle,Bachewe, Fantu Nisrane Pdf

Given the high prevalence of undernutrition among children in low income countries and the associated high human and eco-nomic costs (Hoddinott et al. 2013), improving nutritional out-comes must be an urgent priority. Improving nutrition is high on the policy agenda of the government of Ethiopia, as stated in the Growth and Transformation Plan II, which aims to reduce young child stunting levels from 40 percent in 2014/15 to 26 percent in 2019/2020. Lack of access to diverse diets is one of the underlying factors contributing to chronic undernutrition (Arimond and Ruel 2004, UNICEF 1998). Despite recent improvements, child stunting in Ethiopia remains widespread (CSA and ICF International 2017). Moreover, Ethiopian children consume one of the least diverse diets in sub-Saharan Africa (Hirvonen 2016). At the household level, food consumption baskets are dominated by cereals and pulses, while the consumption of animal-source foods and fruits and Vitamin A-rich vegetables is rare, especially in rural areas.1 Such monotonous diets are regarded as a major contributor to non-communicable diseases in Ethiopia (Melaku et al. 2016). Recent research suggests that the poor dietary diversity in ru-ral areas can be explained, at least partly, both by limited knowledge about the health benefits of diverse diets and by poor access to food markets. Households in areas in which food crop production is not very diverse but which have good access to mar-kets are found to have more diverse diets than do households in such areas but which have poor access to markets and, so, de-pend primarily on own-production for the food they consume.2 Yet, even with sufficient access to markets and knowledge on the benefits of diverse diets, poor households may simply be un-able to afford nutritionally rich foods (Warren and Frongillo 2017). Indeed, prices and affordability of nutritious foods remains a neglected area of research in efforts to understand poor dietary diversity in Ethiopia and elsewhere.3 In the analysis described here, we explore how prices and, consequently, the affordability of nutritious food have changed over the last decade in Ethiopia.

Author : Justin Parkhurst,Stefanie Ettelt,Benjamin Hawkins
Publisher : Palgrave MacMillan
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2019-10-08
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3030066673

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Evidence Use in Health Policy Making by Justin Parkhurst,Stefanie Ettelt,Benjamin Hawkins Pdf

This open access book provides a set of conceptual, empirical, and comparative chapters that apply a public policy perspective to investigate the political and institutional factors driving the use of evidence to inform health policy in low, middle, and high income settings. The work presents key findings from the Getting Research Into Policy (GRIP-Health) project: a five year, six country, programme of work supported by the European Research Council. The chapters further our understanding of evidence utilisation in health policymaking through the application of theories and methods from the policy sciences. They present new insights into the roles and importance of factors such as issue contestation, institutional arrangements, logics of appropriateness, and donor influence to explore individual cases and comparative experiences in the use of evidence to inform health policy. Justin Parkhurst is Associate Professor at the London School of Economics and Political Science (the LSE)'s Department of Health Policy, UK. He has conducted research on a range of global health policy issues and on the politics of evidence. He served as the Principal Investigator of the GRIP-Health programme of work. Benjamin Hawkins is Associate Professor at the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK. His research focuses on the role of research evidence and corporate actors in health policy making. In addition, he works on European integration, multi-level governance international trade and political economy approaches to health policy. Stefanie Ettelt is Associate Professor at the Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK. Her work examines the tensions between structure and agency in explaining the influence of evidence and research on policy-making and health system governance, particularly from a comparative perspective.

Author : International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 16 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2019-01-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Accelerating the end of hunger and malnutrition: A global event: Synopsis by International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Pdf

Author : Brian Thompson,Leslie Amoroso
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)
Page : 464 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : UIUC:30112111798804

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Improving Diets and Nutrition by Brian Thompson,Leslie Amoroso Pdf

The International Symposium on Food and Nutrition Security: Food-Based Approaches for Improving Diets and Raising Levels of Nutrition was organised by the FAO to better document the contribution that food and agriculture can make to improving nutrition. This publication presents the proceedings of the symposium. The proceedings are a useful resource for decision and policy makers, programme planners and implementers, and health workers, all of which work to combat hunger and malnutrition. Likewise, they will have appeal for professionals in the field of food security, nutrition, public health, horticulture, agronomy, animal science, food marketing, information, education, communication, food technology and development. They are also designed as a useful complementary source for graduate and postgraduate courses.

Author : International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 12 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2019-01-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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IFPRI in Africa by International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Pdf

IFPRI IN AFRICA: For over 40 years, IFPRI has worked with partners in Africa at the country, regional, and continental levels to provide cuttingedge, policy-relevant research on food and nutrition security for policy makers, development partners, and stakeholders. Sharing this research and engaging through capacity building and dialogue informs effective policies, programs, and investments to help ensure that all people have access to safe, sufficient, nutritious, and sustainably grown food.

Author : Berhane, Guush,Hoddinott, John F.,Kumar, Neha
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2017-02-03
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The impact of Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Programme on the nutritional status of children: 2008–2012 by Berhane, Guush,Hoddinott, John F.,Kumar, Neha Pdf

Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) is a large-scale social protection intervention aimed at improving food security and stabilizing asset levels. The PSNP contains a mix of public works employment and unconditional transfers. It is a well-targeted program; however, several years passed before payment levels reached the intended amounts. The PSNP has been successful in improving household food security. However, children’s nutritional status in the localities where the PSNP operates is poor, with 48 percent of children stunted in 2012. This leads to the question of whether the PSNP could improve child nutrition. In this paper, we examine the impact of the PSNP on children’s nutritional status over the period 2008–2012. Doing so requires paying particular attention to the targeting of the PSNP and how payment levels have evolved over time. Using inverse-probability-weighted regression-adjustment estimators, we find no evidence that the PSNP reduces either chronic undernutrition (height-for-age z-scores, stunting) or acute undernutrition (weight-for-height z-scores, wasting). While we cannot definitively identify the reason for this nonresult, we note that child diet quality is poor. We find no evidence that the PSNP improves child consumption of pulses, oils, fruits, vegetables, dairy products, or animal-source proteins. Most mothers have not had contact with health extension workers nor have they received information on good feeding practices. Water practices, as captured by the likelihood that mothers boil drinking water, are poor. These findings, along with work by other researchers, have informed revisions to the PSNP. Future research will assess whether these revisions have led to improvements in the diets and anthropometric status of preschool children in Ethiopia.

Author : Kalle Hirvonen,Abdulazize Wolle
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 39 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2019-11-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Consumption, production, market access and affordability of nutritious foods in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia by Kalle Hirvonen,Abdulazize Wolle Pdf

Poor dietary quality is a significant risk factor for stunting and micronutrient deficiencies among young children and globally one of the leading causes of premature death and disease (Arimond & Ruel, 2004; Forouzanfar et al., 2015). Dietary quality is typically proxied by diversity of the consumed diet. Foods with similar nutritional qualities are first grouped together and dietary diversity is measured by the number of different food groups consumed in a certain time interval. For example, the World Health Organization recommends that children 6-23 months consume at least from four food groups (out of seven) every day. Based on this metric, Ethiopian children in this age range consume one of the least diversified diets in sub-Saharan Africa (Hirvonen, 2016) with only 14 percent meeting the WHO recommendation (CSA & ICF, 2016). Recent analysis of the timing of growth faltering of young children suggests that poor complementary feeding practices, including poor dietary quality, is an important risk factor for stunting in Ethiopia (Hirvonen, Headey, Golan, & Hoddinott, 2019). The available evidence suggests that diets are monotonous also at the household level. For example, in 2011, the average Ethiopian household consumed only 42 kg of fruits and vegetables in a year per adult equivalent (Hassen Worku, Dereje, Minten, & Hirvonen, 2017) – far below the World Health Organization’s recommendation of 146 kg per year (Hall, Moore, Harper, & Lynch, 2009). This report is structured as follows. In the subsequent section we describe the data used in this report. In section 3, we assess the consumption of nutritious foods among vulnerable groups: young children and mothers. In section 4, we assess the production of nutritious foods in the region. In section 5, we study the availability of nutritious foods in rural markets. In section 6, we assess the affordability of nutritious foods in the region. Section 7 concludes and summarizes the findings.

Author : Gilligan, Daniel O.,Hirvonen, Kalle,Leight, Jessica,Tambet, Heleene,Tesfaye, Haleluya
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 105 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2023-06-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Baseline survey report of the Strengthen PSNP Institutions and Resilience phase II (SPIR II) resilience food security activity in Ethiopia by Gilligan, Daniel O.,Hirvonen, Kalle,Leight, Jessica,Tambet, Heleene,Tesfaye, Haleluya Pdf

The objective of this report is to present results from the baseline survey conducted as part of the Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning (IMPEL) evaluation of SPIR II, a randomized controlled trial launched in 2022. The second phase of the Strengthen PSNP Institutions and Resilience (SPIR) Resilience Food Security Activity (RFSA) aims to enhance livelihoods, increase resilience to shocks, and improve food security and nutrition for rural households vulnerable to food insecurity in Ethiopia. The RFSA is situated within Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP), one of the largest safety net programs in Africa. Funded by USAID’s Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA), SPIR II is implemented by World Vision International (lead), CARE, and ORDA in the Amhara and Oromia regions of Ethiopia. The IMPEL SPIR II impact evaluation employs an experimental design with three arms, comparing two treatment combinations of livelihood and nutrition graduation model programming provided to PSNP beneficiaries relative to a control group receiving only PSNP transfers. The treatment assignment is randomized at kebele level in 234 kebeles. In the first arm (the control group), PSNP is implemented by the government with SPIR II support for the provision of cash and food transfers only (no supplemental programming). In the second arm, SPIR II programming is rolled out to PSNP beneficiary households in conjunction with nurturing care groups (NCGs) targeting enhanced infant and young child nutritional practices. In the third arm, PSNP beneficiary households receive SPIR II programming and NCGs, supplemented with additional targeted cash grants to pregnant and lactating women.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,United Nations Children's Fund
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 69 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2018-04-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789251303986

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Production choices and nutrition related implications in Ethiopia by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,United Nations Children's Fund Pdf

The Improved Nutrition through Integrated Basic Social Services with Social Cash Transfer (IN-SCT) is a three-year pilot programme implemented by the Government of Ethiopia, with funding from UNICEF and Irish Aid. The programme started in the end of 2015 and currently covers two districts (woredas) in each of the following regions: Oromia and the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNP). The IN-SCT is an integral part of the Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) in the latter’s fourth phase (2015-2018). The IN-SCT programme aims to enhance access to social services by fostering co-responsibilities for two groups of PNSP clients: Permanent Direct Support clients, receiving 12 months of transfers per year; and Temporary Direct Support clients, Public Works clients who are temporarily transitioning to the Direct Support components, based on certain circumstances, such as being pregnant or lactating or being a caretaker of a malnourished child, and are receiving six months of cash transfers with soft conditionalities. The IN-SCT programme expands the PSNP4 by offering an integrated package of multi-sectoral nutrition services. In SNNP, the programme supports the nutrition-sensitive interventions under PSNP and also undertakes activities to improve the quality of health services offered. In Oromia, a less intensive version of the IN-SCT programme is being implemented. This report aims to show how production choices are linked to nutrition and consumption behaviour. To do so, we first provide a snapshot of the rural livelihoods in the SNNP region by focusing on outcomes that allow us to gauge the economic and productive impacts of the IN-SCT, including agricultural production and other income-generating activities, labour supply, the accumulation of productive assets and access to credit and transfers. We then link some of these outcomes to indicators such as food consumption and household dietary diversity and study their patterns across the outcome distributions. We provide descriptive statistics from the baseline household survey conducted for the evaluation of the IN-SCT Pilot Programme in SNNP region. A baseline survey for the impact evaluation, including both quantitative and qualitative components, was conducted April–May 2016 in both SNNP and Oromia regions, though the sample for Oromia has not been included in the study, given the lack of a comparison group and the absence of nutrition-sensitive agricultural interventions.