Production Choices And Nutrition Related Implications In Ethiopia

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,United Nations Children's Fund
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 69 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2018-04-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789251303986

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Production choices and nutrition related implications in Ethiopia by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,United Nations Children's Fund Pdf

The Improved Nutrition through Integrated Basic Social Services with Social Cash Transfer (IN-SCT) is a three-year pilot programme implemented by the Government of Ethiopia, with funding from UNICEF and Irish Aid. The programme started in the end of 2015 and currently covers two districts (woredas) in each of the following regions: Oromia and the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNP). The IN-SCT is an integral part of the Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) in the latter’s fourth phase (2015-2018). The IN-SCT programme aims to enhance access to social services by fostering co-responsibilities for two groups of PNSP clients: Permanent Direct Support clients, receiving 12 months of transfers per year; and Temporary Direct Support clients, Public Works clients who are temporarily transitioning to the Direct Support components, based on certain circumstances, such as being pregnant or lactating or being a caretaker of a malnourished child, and are receiving six months of cash transfers with soft conditionalities. The IN-SCT programme expands the PSNP4 by offering an integrated package of multi-sectoral nutrition services. In SNNP, the programme supports the nutrition-sensitive interventions under PSNP and also undertakes activities to improve the quality of health services offered. In Oromia, a less intensive version of the IN-SCT programme is being implemented. This report aims to show how production choices are linked to nutrition and consumption behaviour. To do so, we first provide a snapshot of the rural livelihoods in the SNNP region by focusing on outcomes that allow us to gauge the economic and productive impacts of the IN-SCT, including agricultural production and other income-generating activities, labour supply, the accumulation of productive assets and access to credit and transfers. We then link some of these outcomes to indicators such as food consumption and household dietary diversity and study their patterns across the outcome distributions. We provide descriptive statistics from the baseline household survey conducted for the evaluation of the IN-SCT Pilot Programme in SNNP region. A baseline survey for the impact evaluation, including both quantitative and qualitative components, was conducted April–May 2016 in both SNNP and Oromia regions, though the sample for Oromia has not been included in the study, given the lack of a comparison group and the absence of nutrition-sensitive agricultural interventions.

Author : Prifti, E., Bhalla, G., Grinspun, A.
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 96 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2021-04-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251336212

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Productive impacts of improved service access and livelihood support in Ethiopia by Prifti, E., Bhalla, G., Grinspun, A. Pdf

The Integrated Nutrition Social Cash Transfer (IN-SCT) pilot project was embedded within Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Programme phase 4 (PSNP4). The PSNP4 programme supports food insecure households through two components: a cash transfer component that requires the recipient to participate in public work activities or to comply with soft conditionalities on access to social and health services; and a livelihood support component. This evaluation report presents the impacts of PSNP/IN-SCT on productive outcomes ranging from crop and livestock production to labour supply, non-farm businesses, use of inputs and the like. The report is part of a wider evaluation study that brings together IFPRI, the Institute of Development Studies (IDS) at University of Sussex and Cornell University. While these organizations set up the study design and focused their analyses of impacts on outcomes related to food security, hygiene, access to health services and nutritional status, FAO has contributed by analysing the productive impacts of the programme. This paper is being published in the context of a partnership between FAO, IFAD and the Universidad de los Andes (UNIANDES) and its Centro de Estudios en Desarrollo Económico (CEDE) based in Bogotá, Colombia.

Author : Justin Parkhurst,Stefanie Ettelt,Benjamin Hawkins
Publisher : Palgrave MacMillan
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2019-10-08
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3030066673

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Evidence Use in Health Policy Making by Justin Parkhurst,Stefanie Ettelt,Benjamin Hawkins Pdf

This open access book provides a set of conceptual, empirical, and comparative chapters that apply a public policy perspective to investigate the political and institutional factors driving the use of evidence to inform health policy in low, middle, and high income settings. The work presents key findings from the Getting Research Into Policy (GRIP-Health) project: a five year, six country, programme of work supported by the European Research Council. The chapters further our understanding of evidence utilisation in health policymaking through the application of theories and methods from the policy sciences. They present new insights into the roles and importance of factors such as issue contestation, institutional arrangements, logics of appropriateness, and donor influence to explore individual cases and comparative experiences in the use of evidence to inform health policy. Justin Parkhurst is Associate Professor at the London School of Economics and Political Science (the LSE)'s Department of Health Policy, UK. He has conducted research on a range of global health policy issues and on the politics of evidence. He served as the Principal Investigator of the GRIP-Health programme of work. Benjamin Hawkins is Associate Professor at the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK. His research focuses on the role of research evidence and corporate actors in health policy making. In addition, he works on European integration, multi-level governance international trade and political economy approaches to health policy. Stefanie Ettelt is Associate Professor at the Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK. Her work examines the tensions between structure and agency in explaining the influence of evidence and research on policy-making and health system governance, particularly from a comparative perspective.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 464 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : IND:30000064976305

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Agriculture, Food and Nutrition for Africa by Anonim Pdf

Author : Berhane, Guush,Hoddinott, John F.,Kumar, Neha
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2017-02-03
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The impact of Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Programme on the nutritional status of children: 2008–2012 by Berhane, Guush,Hoddinott, John F.,Kumar, Neha Pdf

Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) is a large-scale social protection intervention aimed at improving food security and stabilizing asset levels. The PSNP contains a mix of public works employment and unconditional transfers. It is a well-targeted program; however, several years passed before payment levels reached the intended amounts. The PSNP has been successful in improving household food security. However, children’s nutritional status in the localities where the PSNP operates is poor, with 48 percent of children stunted in 2012. This leads to the question of whether the PSNP could improve child nutrition. In this paper, we examine the impact of the PSNP on children’s nutritional status over the period 2008–2012. Doing so requires paying particular attention to the targeting of the PSNP and how payment levels have evolved over time. Using inverse-probability-weighted regression-adjustment estimators, we find no evidence that the PSNP reduces either chronic undernutrition (height-for-age z-scores, stunting) or acute undernutrition (weight-for-height z-scores, wasting). While we cannot definitively identify the reason for this nonresult, we note that child diet quality is poor. We find no evidence that the PSNP improves child consumption of pulses, oils, fruits, vegetables, dairy products, or animal-source proteins. Most mothers have not had contact with health extension workers nor have they received information on good feeding practices. Water practices, as captured by the likelihood that mothers boil drinking water, are poor. These findings, along with work by other researchers, have informed revisions to the PSNP. Future research will assess whether these revisions have led to improvements in the diets and anthropometric status of preschool children in Ethiopia.

Author : Bageant, Elizabeth,Liu, Yanyan,Diao, Xinshen
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2016-03-18
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Agriculture-nutrition linkages and child health in the presence of conflict in Nepal by Bageant, Elizabeth,Liu, Yanyan,Diao, Xinshen Pdf

Much policy and research attention has focused on the relationship between agriculture and nutrition. We extend this analysis to the context of Nepal’s decade-long civil conflict. Understanding how conflict or similar stress mitigates the agriculture-nutrition linkage is essential to developing impactful agriculture and nutrition policy in potential conflict zones. To our knowledge, there is no prior empirical work on the link between agriculture and nutrition in the context of conflict. We find a robust relationship between milk consumption and anthropometric outcomes. We also show a positive link between milk production and milk consumption at the household level. We find significant negative relationships between conflict and milk consumption for households owning few livestock while such relationships do not exist for larger holders. We attribute these heterogeneous effects to conflict-related productivity declines and milk price increases, both of which disproportionately affect households with fewer livestock and lower milk-production capacity. Among rural households in Nepal, milk production could serve as a nutritional buffer in times of conflict or other stress, and thus, policies that promote households’ livestock production could be effective measures in improving resilience of the rural poor against shocks that negatively affect child health outcomes.

Author : Ruel, Marie T.,Quisumbing, Agnes R.,Balagamwala, Mysbah
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2017-10-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Nutrition-sensitive agriculture by Ruel, Marie T.,Quisumbing, Agnes R.,Balagamwala, Mysbah Pdf

A growing number of governments, donor agencies, and development organizations are committed to supporting nutrition-sensitive agriculture (NSA) to achieve their development goals. Although consensus exists on pathways through which agriculture may influence nutrition-related outcomes, empirical evidence on agriculture’s contribution to nutrition and how it can be enhanced is still weak. This paper reviews recent empirical evidence (since 2014), including findings from impact evaluations of a variety of NSA programs using experimental designs as well as observational studies that document linkages between agriculture, women’s empowerment, and nutrition. It summarizes existing knowledge regarding not only impacts but also pathways, mechanisms, and contextual factors that affect where and how agriculture may improve nutrition outcomes. The paper concludes with reflections on implications for agricultural programs, policies, and investments, and highlights future research priorities.

Author : Suresh Babu,Shailendra Gajanan,Prabuddha Sanyal
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 649 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2014-02-13
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780124059092

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Food Security, Poverty and Nutrition Policy Analysis by Suresh Babu,Shailendra Gajanan,Prabuddha Sanyal Pdf

Food insecurity, the lack of access at all times to the food needed for an active and healthy life, continues to be a growing problem as populations increase while the world economy struggles. Formulating effective policies for addressing these issues requires thorough understanding of the empirical data and application of appropriate measurement and analysis of that information. Food Security, Poverty and Nutrition Policy Analysis, Second Edition has been revised and updated to include hands-on examples and real-world case studies using the latest datasets, tools and methods. Providing a proven framework for developing applied policy analysis skills, this book is based on over 30 years of food and nutrition policy research at the International Food Policy Research Institute and has been used worldwide to impart the combined skills of statistical data analysis, computer literacy and their use in developing policy alternatives. This book provides core information in a format that provides not only the concept behind the method, but real-world applications giving the reader valuable, practical knowledge. Updated to address the latest datasets and tools, including STATA software, the future of policy analysis Includes a new chapter on program evaluation taking the reader from data analysis to policy development to post-implementation measurement Identifies the proper analysis method, its application to available data and its importance in policy development using real-world scenarios Over 30% new content and fully revised throughout

Author : Anonim
Publisher : ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD)
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2003-01-01
Category : Dairy products industry
ISBN : 9291461393

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Economic and Nutritional Impacts of Market-oriented Dairy Production in the Ethiopian Highlands by Anonim Pdf

Author : Suresh Babu,Shailendra N. Gajanan,J. Arne Hallam
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2016-11-02
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128011508

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Nutrition Economics by Suresh Babu,Shailendra N. Gajanan,J. Arne Hallam Pdf

Nutrition Economics: Principles and Policy Applications establishes the core criteria for consideration as new policies and regulations are developed, including application-based principles that ensure practical, effective implementation of policy. From the economic contribution of nutrition on quality of life, to the costs of malnutrition on society from both an individual and governmental level, this book guides the reader through the factors that can determine the success or failure of a nutrition policy. Written by an expert in policy development, and incorporating an encompassing view of the factors that impact nutrition from an economic standpoint (and their resulting effects), this book is unique in its focus on guiding other professionals and those in advanced stages of study to important considerations for correct policy modeling and evaluation. As creating policy without a comprehensive understanding of the relevant contributing factors that lead to failure is not an option, this book provides a timely reference. Connects the direct and indirect impacts of economic policy on nutritional status Provides practical insights into the analysis of nutrition policies and programs that will produce meaningful results Presents a hands-on approach on how to apply economic theory to the design of nutritional policies and programs

Author : Bachewe, Fantu Nisrane,Minten, Bart
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 27 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2019-08-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The rising costs of nutritious foods: The case of Ethiopia by Bachewe, Fantu Nisrane,Minten, Bart Pdf

Costs of healthy diets are worryingly rising in a number of developed and emerging economies. However, less is known on these costs for developing countries. Using price data from a large number of markets in Ethiopia, we find that real prices of all nutritionally-rich food groups increased significantly (between 19 and 62 percent) over the period 2007 to 2016. This contrasts with (1) staple crops (grains, roots, and tubers), which did not show any price increase, and (2) oils, fats, and sugar, the prices of which decreased substantially. Using detailed nationwide datasets and relying on time series methods, we link these price increases to changes in local markets, demand and supply factors, transaction costs, and international trade. We find that prices of nutritionally-rich food groups – compared to cereals – are relatively less affected by international trade and exchange rate changes but more so by rapidly increasing local and city demand. This rising demand is likely due to recent income growth and rapid urbanization and the high-income elasticities for nutritious foods in Ethiopia. Moreover, we find that local production changes affected prices of nutritious items little, but national price rises were found to have been significantly linked with food price rises in commercial clusters in the country. Changes in transaction costs – fuel and transport costs – explained relatively little of the observed food price changes.

Author : Vandercasteelen, Joachim,Minten, Bart,Tamru, Seneshaw
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 39 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2019-10-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Cities, value chains, and dairy production in Ethiopia by Vandercasteelen, Joachim,Minten, Bart,Tamru, Seneshaw Pdf

This paper explores the spatial heterogeneity in dairy production in the highland production area around the capital of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa. We look at how urban proximity – defined as the travel time from the farm to the central market of Addis Ababa – affects the production decisions of Ethiopian dairy farmers. We sampled 870 households from the major rural production zones around Addis Ababa, where villages were stratified according to their distance to Addis Ababa. Using an instrumental variable approach, we find evidence of strong spatial heterogeneity in dairy milk productivity in Ethiopia. With each additional hour of travel time, the milk productivity per cow is reduced by almost 1 liter per day, a reduction by 26 percent on average. This spatial heterogeneity in milk productivity reflects a pronounced spatial variation in dairy production decisions (producing liquid milk or processed dairy products), the application of modern inputs, and marketing. When trying to disentangle the mechanisms through which urban proximity affects dairy productivity, we show that the effect of travel time mainly runs through farmers’ inclusion into ‘modern’ value chains and more specifically through their access to commercial milk buyers. This finding holds when we control for prices, indicating that access to commercial value chains are an important determinant of dairy productivity. However, as only a limited number of farmers now have access to such value chains in these settings, measures to make dairy value chains more inclusive to remote farmers can have important economic development benefits for them.

Author : Baye, Kaleab,Hirvonen, Kalle
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 33 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2020-06-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Accelerating progress in improving diets and nutrition in Ethiopia by Baye, Kaleab,Hirvonen, Kalle Pdf

Ethiopia has witnessed significant reductions in child mortality, undernutrition, and communicable diseases, but more substantial and faster progress is still needed. The rise in obesity and in noncommunicable diseases, particularly in urban areas, is alarming and requires urgent policy and programmatic attention. Unhealthy diets drive both undernutrition and obesity and are the underlying cause of significant proportion of both communicable and non-communicable diseases. Maintaining the relatively high breastfeeding practices and increasing the diversity of diets will be critical to improving nutrition in Ethiopia. Implementation of effective nutrition messaging that shapes consumer behavior to adopt healthy dietary patterns, while bridging gaps in both the reach and the quality of such messaging is warranted. The health extension program, which is the cornerstone of the transformation of the health sector, may need to be redesigned in a way that improves its reach and the quality of the services it provides and minimizes the risk of burnout of frontline health workers. Interventions focusing on making healthy diets available, affordable, and accessible are urgently needed.

Author : Todd S. Rosenstock,Andreea Nowak,Evan Girvetz
Publisher : Springer
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2018-11-28
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9783319927985

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The Climate-Smart Agriculture Papers by Todd S. Rosenstock,Andreea Nowak,Evan Girvetz Pdf

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This volume shares new data relating to Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA), with emphasis on experiences in Eastern and Southern Africa. The book is a collection of research by authors from over 30 institutions, spanning the public and private sectors, with specific knowledge on agricultural development in the region discussed. The material is assembled to answer key questions on the following five topic areas: (1) Climate impacts: What are the most significant current and near future climate risks undermining smallholder livelihoods? (2) Varieties: How can climate-smart varieties be delivered quickly and cost-effectively to smallholders? (3) Farm management: What are key lessons on the contributions from soil and water management to climate risk reduction and how should interventions be prioritized? (4) Value chains: How can climate risks to supply and value chains be reduced? and (5) Scaling up: How can most promising climate risks reduction strategies be quickly scaled up and what are critical success factors? Readers who will be interested in this book include students, policy makers, and researchers studying climate change impacts on agriculture and agricultural sustainability.

Author : Donald A. P. Bundy,Nilanthi de Silva,Susan Horton,Dean T. Jamison
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 502 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2017-11-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781464804397

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Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 8) by Donald A. P. Bundy,Nilanthi de Silva,Susan Horton,Dean T. Jamison Pdf

More children born today will survive to adulthood than at any time in history. It is now time to emphasize health and development in middle childhood and adolescence--developmental phases that are critical to health in adulthood and the next generation. Child and Adolescent Health and Development explores the benefits that accrue from sustained and targeted interventions across the first two decades of life. The volume outlines the investment case for effective, costed, and scalable interventions for low-resource settings, emphasizing the cross-sectoral role of education. This evidence base can guide policy makers in prioritizing actions to promote survival, health, cognition, and physical growth throughout childhood and adolescence.