The Rising Costs Of Nutritious Foods In Ethiopia

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The rising costs of nutritious foods: The case of Ethiopia

Bachewe, Fantu Nisrane,Minten, Bart
The rising costs of nutritious foods The case of Ethiopia Book PDF

Author : Bachewe, Fantu Nisrane,Minten, Bart
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 27 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2019-08-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The rising costs of nutritious foods: The case of Ethiopia by Bachewe, Fantu Nisrane,Minten, Bart Pdf

Costs of healthy diets are worryingly rising in a number of developed and emerging economies. However, less is known on these costs for developing countries. Using price data from a large number of markets in Ethiopia, we find that real prices of all nutritionally-rich food groups increased significantly (between 19 and 62 percent) over the period 2007 to 2016. This contrasts with (1) staple crops (grains, roots, and tubers), which did not show any price increase, and (2) oils, fats, and sugar, the prices of which decreased substantially. Using detailed nationwide datasets and relying on time series methods, we link these price increases to changes in local markets, demand and supply factors, transaction costs, and international trade. We find that prices of nutritionally-rich food groups – compared to cereals – are relatively less affected by international trade and exchange rate changes but more so by rapidly increasing local and city demand. This rising demand is likely due to recent income growth and rapid urbanization and the high-income elasticities for nutritious foods in Ethiopia. Moreover, we find that local production changes affected prices of nutritious items little, but national price rises were found to have been significantly linked with food price rises in commercial clusters in the country. Changes in transaction costs – fuel and transport costs – explained relatively little of the observed food price changes.

The rising costs of nutritious foods in Ethiopia

Yimer, Feiruz,Minten, Bart,Hirvonen, Kalle,Bachewe, Fantu Nisrane
The rising costs of nutritious foods in Ethiopia Book PDF

Author : Yimer, Feiruz,Minten, Bart,Hirvonen, Kalle,Bachewe, Fantu Nisrane
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 4 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2017-06-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The rising costs of nutritious foods in Ethiopia by Yimer, Feiruz,Minten, Bart,Hirvonen, Kalle,Bachewe, Fantu Nisrane Pdf

Given the high prevalence of undernutrition among children in low income countries and the associated high human and eco-nomic costs (Hoddinott et al. 2013), improving nutritional out-comes must be an urgent priority. Improving nutrition is high on the policy agenda of the government of Ethiopia, as stated in the Growth and Transformation Plan II, which aims to reduce young child stunting levels from 40 percent in 2014/15 to 26 percent in 2019/2020. Lack of access to diverse diets is one of the underlying factors contributing to chronic undernutrition (Arimond and Ruel 2004, UNICEF 1998). Despite recent improvements, child stunting in Ethiopia remains widespread (CSA and ICF International 2017). Moreover, Ethiopian children consume one of the least diverse diets in sub-Saharan Africa (Hirvonen 2016). At the household level, food consumption baskets are dominated by cereals and pulses, while the consumption of animal-source foods and fruits and Vitamin A-rich vegetables is rare, especially in rural areas.1 Such monotonous diets are regarded as a major contributor to non-communicable diseases in Ethiopia (Melaku et al. 2016). Recent research suggests that the poor dietary diversity in ru-ral areas can be explained, at least partly, both by limited knowledge about the health benefits of diverse diets and by poor access to food markets. Households in areas in which food crop production is not very diverse but which have good access to mar-kets are found to have more diverse diets than do households in such areas but which have poor access to markets and, so, de-pend primarily on own-production for the food they consume.2 Yet, even with sufficient access to markets and knowledge on the benefits of diverse diets, poor households may simply be un-able to afford nutritionally rich foods (Warren and Frongillo 2017). Indeed, prices and affordability of nutritious foods remains a neglected area of research in efforts to understand poor dietary diversity in Ethiopia and elsewhere.3 In the analysis described here, we explore how prices and, consequently, the affordability of nutritious food have changed over the last decade in Ethiopia.

The rising costs of animal-source foods in Ethiopia: Evidence and implications

Bachewe, Fantu Nisrane,Minten, Bart,Yimer, Feiruz
The rising costs of animal source foods in Ethiopia Evidence and implications Book PDF

Author : Bachewe, Fantu Nisrane,Minten, Bart,Yimer, Feiruz
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 30 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2017-08-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The rising costs of animal-source foods in Ethiopia: Evidence and implications by Bachewe, Fantu Nisrane,Minten, Bart,Yimer, Feiruz Pdf

In many developing countries in which staple foods dominate the composition of diets, higher consumption of animal-source foods (ASF) is associated with significant nutritional benefits. Given the importance of prices for consumption decisions in these settings, we analyze ASF price patterns in the last decade (2007-2016), relying on a large-scale price dataset collected in 116 urban retail markets in Ethiopia. We document important seasonal and spatial patterns and we find, worryingly, that real prices of ASF have been increasing in the last decade by between 32 to 36 percent for three major ASF – milk, eggs, and meat. Similar price increases are noted in rural and urban areas and for tradable and non-tradable ASFs. This price trend is in contrast with staple cereals for which real prices stayed at similar levels over the last decade. As we estimate that a price increase of this magnitude would reduce consumption of ASF by approximately 25 percent, holding other things constant, it seems that more investments and attention to the production of ASF and the livestock sector are needed to reduce ASF prices and increase their consumption in Ethiopia.

Prices of vegetables and fruits in Ethiopia: Trends and implications for consumption and nutrition

Bachewe, Fantu Nisrane,Minten, Bart
Prices of vegetables and fruits in Ethiopia Trends and implications for consumption and nutrition Book PDF

Author : Bachewe, Fantu Nisrane,Minten, Bart
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2021-06-29
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Prices of vegetables and fruits in Ethiopia: Trends and implications for consumption and nutrition by Bachewe, Fantu Nisrane,Minten, Bart Pdf

We study price behavior of vegetables and fruits in Ethiopia over the 15 year period from 2005 to 2019 based on large-scale retail and producer price datasets. This is an important topic given the importance of prices for consumption decisions for these nutritious crops. A number of notable findings come from the analysis. First, prices are rapidly increasing both in real terms and when compared to cereals. At the end of the study period in 2019, vegetables and fruits in real terms were significantly more expensive than 15 years earlier. Especially green leafy vegetables show a significant price rise, likely because few high-yielding varieties of these vegetables have been made available and adopted by producers. Second, part of the rise in prices is explained by increased marketing margins. To understand what accounts for these increases in the marketing margins for fruits and vegetables requires more research, as they contrast with stable or declining margins seen for other food crops over the study period. Third, we see significant seasonality in vegetable prices that is mostly driven by supply factors, but also by demand shifts due to increased demand in fasting periods. Fruit prices do not show such high seasonal variation, however. Fourth, there is significant spatial price variation in the country – vegetable prices are 60 percent more expensive in lowland regions than in the Amhara region, where vegetables are cheapest. Fruit prices in the lowlands are double the prices in the major producing area, the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' (SNNP) region.

Repurposing agriculture's public budget to align healthy diets affordability and agricultural transformation objectives in Ethiopia

Sánchez, M.V., Cicowiez, M.
Repurposing agriculture s public budget to align healthy diets affordability and agricultural transformation objectives in Ethiopia Book PDF

Author : Sánchez, M.V., Cicowiez, M.
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2022-08-02
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789251366950

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Repurposing agriculture's public budget to align healthy diets affordability and agricultural transformation objectives in Ethiopia by Sánchez, M.V., Cicowiez, M. Pdf

Agricultural transformation has been ongoing for decades in Ethiopia where the agenda to improve nutrition has also gained momentum. This paper assesses ways in which the government could coherently pursue the objectives of reducing the cost of the least cost healthy diet for Ethiopians and achieving faster inclusive agricultural transformation (IAT), for example by increasing agrifood output, creating rural off-farm employment and reducing rural poverty. The main finding is that pursuing IAT objectives also allows reducing the cost of the least-cost healthy diet. Ethiopian policymakers may consider repurposing the budget for agriculture to pursue IAT objectives as suggested in this paper in order to increase value for public money, not only in terms of agrifood output growth, job creation and poverty reduction, but also in terms of increasing the affordability of healthy diets.

Understanding urban consumers’ food choice behavior in Ethiopia: Promoting demand for healthy foods

Melesse, Mequanint B.,Van den berg, Marrit,de Brauw, Alan,Abate, Gashaw T.
Understanding urban consumers food choice behavior in Ethiopia Promoting demand for healthy foods Book PDF

Author : Melesse, Mequanint B.,Van den berg, Marrit,de Brauw, Alan,Abate, Gashaw T.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 33 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2019-04-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Understanding urban consumers’ food choice behavior in Ethiopia: Promoting demand for healthy foods by Melesse, Mequanint B.,Van den berg, Marrit,de Brauw, Alan,Abate, Gashaw T. Pdf

Using survey data collected from 996 representative households in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, this paper documents several insights to help understand urban consumer food purchasing and consumption choices. The findings can be summarized as follows: 1) We find that households face important dietary gaps; a large proportion eats insufficient amounts of nutrient-dense vegetables, animal-source foods, and fruits. 2) The consumption of ultra-processed foods increases with income and may become a pressing health concern as incomes rise. 3) From a purchasing perspective, we find that consumers buy foods for different purposes at different outlets. Nearby kiosks and informal street markets are frequented for small food items and for fruits and vegetables, while formal open markets and consumer cooperatives are used for bulky food items. 4) Respondents make food and food outlet choices based on their health and food safety concerns, but few consider the nutritional value of food when purchasing it. Concurrently, the availability of a wide variety of healthy and safe foods is highly valued by most respondents for outlet choice. Among consumers in lower income categories, they tend to make food and food outlet choices based on prices and location convenience. 5) Although nutrition is not a primary concern when making choices about food, consumers appear to have reasonable nutritional knowledge. Most respondents considered a healthy diet to be primarily plant-based. Most people are aware that they should eat more fruits and vegetables and less sugary, fatty, and salty foods, but they have limited knowledge on the nutrient content of specific foods and the causes of obesity. 6) Labelling would not be an effective way to increase nutritional knowledge; most respondents have limited understanding of the information that labels provide. Rather, most respondents trust the information provided by health professionals over other sources. In sum, these results are potentially relevant for policy and the design of future programs for improving nutritional outcomes through enhanced diets.

Accelerating progress in improving diets and nutrition in Ethiopia

Baye, Kaleab,Hirvonen, Kalle
Accelerating progress in improving diets and nutrition in Ethiopia Book PDF

Author : Baye, Kaleab,Hirvonen, Kalle
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 33 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2020-06-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Accelerating progress in improving diets and nutrition in Ethiopia by Baye, Kaleab,Hirvonen, Kalle Pdf

Ethiopia has witnessed significant reductions in child mortality, undernutrition, and communicable diseases, but more substantial and faster progress is still needed. The rise in obesity and in noncommunicable diseases, particularly in urban areas, is alarming and requires urgent policy and programmatic attention. Unhealthy diets drive both undernutrition and obesity and are the underlying cause of significant proportion of both communicable and non-communicable diseases. Maintaining the relatively high breastfeeding practices and increasing the diversity of diets will be critical to improving nutrition in Ethiopia. Implementation of effective nutrition messaging that shapes consumer behavior to adopt healthy dietary patterns, while bridging gaps in both the reach and the quality of such messaging is warranted. The health extension program, which is the cornerstone of the transformation of the health sector, may need to be redesigned in a way that improves its reach and the quality of the services it provides and minimizes the risk of burnout of frontline health workers. Interventions focusing on making healthy diets available, affordable, and accessible are urgently needed.

Diet transformation in Africa

Hassen, Ibrahim Worku,Dereje, Mekdim,Minten, Bart,Hirvonen, Kalle
Diet transformation in Africa Book PDF

Author : Hassen, Ibrahim Worku,Dereje, Mekdim,Minten, Bart,Hirvonen, Kalle
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 25 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2016-04-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Diet transformation in Africa by Hassen, Ibrahim Worku,Dereje, Mekdim,Minten, Bart,Hirvonen, Kalle Pdf

Africa's food systems are changing fast amid rapid economic growth, emerging urbanization, and structural transformation. In this study, we use four rounds of nationally representative data from Ethiopia to examine changes in household food consumption patterns over a period of unprecedented economic growth. We find that while there is a general decline in the share of food in the total consumption basket of households in Ethiopia, food quantities and intake of calories have increased considerably over the period 1996 to 2011. This was mostly driven by improvements in household incomes, as shown using decomposition analysis. Furthermore, the content of the food basket is changing with a gradual shift towards high-value foods, such as animal products, fruits and vegetables, and processed foods. However, irrespective of the level of income, a heavy focus on starchy staples in the Ethiopian diet remains. Overall, this diet transformation has important implications for the food security debate and for agricultural and food policy in the country.

Consumption, production, market access and affordability of nutritious foods in the Afar Region of Ethiopia

Kalle Hirvonen,Abdulazize Wolle
Consumption production market access and affordability of nutritious foods in the Afar Region of Ethiopia Book PDF

Author : Kalle Hirvonen,Abdulazize Wolle
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 33 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2019-11-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Consumption, production, market access and affordability of nutritious foods in the Afar Region of Ethiopia by Kalle Hirvonen,Abdulazize Wolle Pdf

Poor dietary quality is a significant risk factor for stunting and micronutrient deficiencies among young children and globally one of the leading causes of premature death and disease (Arimond & Ruel, 2004; Forouzanfar et al., 2015). Dietary quality is typically proxied by diversity of the consumed diet. Foods with similar nutritional qualities are first grouped together and dietary diversity is measured by the number of different food groups consumed in a certain time interval. For example, the World Health Organization recommends that children 6-23 months consume at least four food groups (out of seven) every day. Based on this metric, Ethiopian children in this age range consume one of the least diversified diets in sub-Saharan Africa (Hirvonen, 2016) with only 14 percent meeting the WHO recommendation (CSA & ICF, 2016). Recent analysis of the timing of growth faltering of young children suggests that poor complementary feeding practices, including poor dietary quality, is an important risk factor for stunting in Ethiopia (Hirvonen, Headey, Golan, & Hoddinott, 2019). The available evidence suggests that diets are monotonous also at the household level. For example, in 2011, the average Ethiopian household consumed only 42 kg of fruits and vegetables in a year per adult equivalent (Hassen Worku, Dereje, Minten, & Hirvonen, 2017) – far below the World Health Organization’s recommendation of 146 kg per year (Hall, Moore, Harper, & Lynch, 2009). This report is structured as follows. In the subsequent section, we describe the data used in this report. In section 3, we assess the consumption of nutritious foods among young children and also carry out a similar assessment at the household level. In section 4, we study the production of nutritious foods in the region. In section 5, we examine the availability of nutritious foods in rural markets. In section 6, we assess the affordability of nutritious foods in the region. Section 7 concludes and summarizes the findings.

IFPRI publications related to nutrition in Ethiopia

Capstone 2025
IFPRI publications related to nutrition in Ethiopia Book PDF

Author : Capstone 2025
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 16 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2019-10-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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IFPRI publications related to nutrition in Ethiopia by Capstone 2025 Pdf

The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) began research activities in Ethiopia in the 1980s to assess the root causes of drought-related food-production shortages and support adoption of appropriate policy responses. IFPRI’s rigorous empirical research contributed to a broader understanding of economic development processes in Ethiopia and built capacity to conduct such research on a national scale. Working with many long-standing partners, IFPRI evaluated strategies for achieving sustainable agricultural growth, investment in agricultural research, the provision of safety nets to strengthen resilience, prioritization of nutrition interventions for women and children, property rights, and management of natural resources, among other goals. Evidence from this and other work informed programs and initiatives to improve food and nutrition security for vulnerable people.

Value chains for nutritious food: Analysis of the egg value chain in the Tigray region of Ethiopia

Hirvonen, Kalle,Baye, Kaleab,Headey, Derek D.,Hoddinott, John F.
Value chains for nutritious food Analysis of the egg value chain in the Tigray region of Ethiopia Book PDF

Author : Hirvonen, Kalle,Baye, Kaleab,Headey, Derek D.,Hoddinott, John F.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 21 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2020-10-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Value chains for nutritious food: Analysis of the egg value chain in the Tigray region of Ethiopia by Hirvonen, Kalle,Baye, Kaleab,Headey, Derek D.,Hoddinott, John F. Pdf

Eggs have high potential for improving nutrition outcomes in low-income countries, yet very few children in such settings consume eggs on a regular basis despite widespread poultry ownership. To redress this disconnect, a number of interventions have been implemented to improve household production of poultry products, as well as caregiver awareness of the nutritional benefits of eggs and other animal-sourced foods. However, very few of these interventions have tried to leverage food markets to improve nutrition, even though most rural people predominantly rely on markets for the majority of their non-staple food consumption. This study was implemented to better understand the constraints to purchasing eggs for consumption by young children in rural Ethiopia, with a view to informing the design of marketoriented interventions that might cost-effectively increase children’s egg consumption. To do so we analyzed secondary datasets on poultry ownership, household and child egg consumption, and retail egg prices to understand egg markets and the egg value chain in Tigray. Similar to other contexts in sub-Saharan Africa, we find that two-thirds of households own poultry, though only onequarter of young children consumed eggs in the past 24 hours. Although markets in Tigray are well integrated – likely because of the important role of egg aggregators – egg prices remain high. A modest consumption level of 2.5 eggs per person per week would cost around 10 percent of the total budget of households in the poorest quintile of households, even though eggs are more affordable than other animal-sourced foods. We find that egg consumption among young children is not constrained by fasting associated with Orthodox Christianity. High prices are likely the main constraint and are a function of low levels of intensification in egg production, which is dominated by backyard poultry systems characterized by high mortality rates and low productivity.

Household food consumption patterns in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Wolle, Abdulazize,Hirvonen, Kalle,de Brauw, Alan,Baye, Kaleab,Abate, Gashaw T.
Household food consumption patterns in Addis Ababa Ethiopia Book PDF

Author : Wolle, Abdulazize,Hirvonen, Kalle,de Brauw, Alan,Baye, Kaleab,Abate, Gashaw T.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 14 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2020-03-16
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Household food consumption patterns in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia by Wolle, Abdulazize,Hirvonen, Kalle,de Brauw, Alan,Baye, Kaleab,Abate, Gashaw T. Pdf

Overweight and obesity are rising rapidly in Ethiopia's urban areas, constituting a major public health concern. Dietary choices can be one of the key drivers of adult body-weight. Using data collected from a large household survey in Addis Ababa, we provide a snapshot of dietary patterns in Ethiopia's largest urban area. We find that starchy staples (cereals, roots, and tubers) are prominent in household food baskets, taking up 25 percent of the food budget and providing more than 50 percent of consumed calories, on average. In contrast, the consumption of all kinds of fruits and vitamin A-rich vegetables is very low. For the average household, meat products account for nearly 18 percent of the food budget but provide only 2 percent of total calories. Richer households consume relatively less starchy staples than poorer households, but more animal-source foods and vegetables. However, the importance of fruits in household diets rises very slowly with household incomes. Together, these findings suggest that further income growth will result in drastic changes in the composition of food demand in Addis Ababa. Considering projections for increasing incomes, especially in urban areas, this will have major implications for agricultural production in rural areas connected to Ethiopia’s cities. There is also an urgent need to design cost-effective public health campaigns to reduce the emerging overweight and obesity crisis in urban Ethiopia.

Food and nutrition security in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia during COVID-19 pandemic: July 2020 report Food and nutrition security in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia during COVID-19 pandemic: July 2020 report

de Brauw, Alan,Hirvonen, Kalle,Abate, Gashaw T.
Food and nutrition security in Addis Ababa Ethiopia during COVID 19 pandemic July 2020 report Food and nutrition security in Addis Ababa Ethiopia during COVID 19 pandemic July 2020 report Book PDF

Author : de Brauw, Alan,Hirvonen, Kalle,Abate, Gashaw T.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 27 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2020-07-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Food and nutrition security in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia during COVID-19 pandemic: July 2020 report Food and nutrition security in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia during COVID-19 pandemic: July 2020 report by de Brauw, Alan,Hirvonen, Kalle,Abate, Gashaw T. Pdf

In early July 2020, we called by telephone a representative sample of nearly 600 households in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia to assess income changes and household food and nutrition security status during the COVID-19 pandemic (recall period covering June). This was the third administration of a COVID-19 related survey to these households, following surveys in early May 2020 and early June. About 64 percent of the households indicated in the third survey that their incomes were lower than expected (down from 67 percent reporting lower incomes than expected in previous month) and 42 percent reported that they are extremely stressed about the situation (down from 45 percent in previous month). Using a pre-pandemic wealth index, we find that less-wealthy households were considerably more likely to report income losses and high stress levels than were wealthier households. Compared to the period just before the pandemic (January and February 2020), indicators measuring food security have significantly worsened but during the pandemic they have remained relatively stable. Households now are less frequently consuming relatively more expensive but nutritionally richer foods, such as fruit and dairy products. However, overall food security status in Addis Ababa is not yet alarming and we see small signs of improvements in this July phone survey relative to previous months. However, many households have drawn down their savings over past months to buffer their food consumption. As the daily COVID-19 infection rates are still rising in Ethiopia, the food security situation in Addis Ababa may deteriorate over coming months, especially as the savings levels among the poorest households are now low. This calls for a further scale-up and strengthening of existing support programs.

Consumption, production, market access and affordability of nutritious foods in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia

Kalle Hirvonen,Abdulazize Wolle
Consumption production market access and affordability of nutritious foods in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia Book PDF

Author : Kalle Hirvonen,Abdulazize Wolle
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 39 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2019-11-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Consumption, production, market access and affordability of nutritious foods in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia by Kalle Hirvonen,Abdulazize Wolle Pdf

Poor dietary quality is a significant risk factor for stunting and micronutrient deficiencies among young children and globally one of the leading causes of premature death and disease (Arimond & Ruel, 2004; Forouzanfar et al., 2015). Dietary quality is typically proxied by diversity of the consumed diet. Foods with similar nutritional qualities are first grouped together and dietary diversity is measured by the number of different food groups consumed in a certain time interval. For example, the World Health Organization recommends that children 6-23 months consume at least from four food groups (out of seven) every day. Based on this metric, Ethiopian children in this age range consume one of the least diversified diets in sub-Saharan Africa (Hirvonen, 2016) with only 14 percent meeting the WHO recommendation (CSA & ICF, 2016). Recent analysis of the timing of growth faltering of young children suggests that poor complementary feeding practices, including poor dietary quality, is an important risk factor for stunting in Ethiopia (Hirvonen, Headey, Golan, & Hoddinott, 2019). The available evidence suggests that diets are monotonous also at the household level. For example, in 2011, the average Ethiopian household consumed only 42 kg of fruits and vegetables in a year per adult equivalent (Hassen Worku, Dereje, Minten, & Hirvonen, 2017) – far below the World Health Organization’s recommendation of 146 kg per year (Hall, Moore, Harper, & Lynch, 2009). This report is structured as follows. In the subsequent section we describe the data used in this report. In section 3, we assess the consumption of nutritious foods among vulnerable groups: young children and mothers. In section 4, we assess the production of nutritious foods in the region. In section 5, we study the availability of nutritious foods in rural markets. In section 6, we assess the affordability of nutritious foods in the region. Section 7 concludes and summarizes the findings.

Irrigation and Women’s Diet in Ethiopia A Longitudinal Study

Kaleab Baye,Jowel Choufani,Dawit Mekonnen ,Elizabeth Bryan ,Claudia Ringler ,Jeffrey K. Griffiths,Emma Davies
Irrigation and Women s Diet in Ethiopia A Longitudinal Study Book PDF

Author : Kaleab Baye,Jowel Choufani,Dawit Mekonnen ,Elizabeth Bryan ,Claudia Ringler ,Jeffrey K. Griffiths,Emma Davies
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 22 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2019-09-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Irrigation and Women’s Diet in Ethiopia A Longitudinal Study by Kaleab Baye,Jowel Choufani,Dawit Mekonnen ,Elizabeth Bryan ,Claudia Ringler ,Jeffrey K. Griffiths,Emma Davies Pdf

Some agricultural practices, such as irrigation, have the potential to buffer seasonal dietary gaps and thus improve diets, particularly for subsistence farmers but also for rural and urban households that purchase irrigated produce from local markets. While the seasonality of households and children’s diets is well documented, little is known about the seasonality of women’s diets and the influence of irrigation. Using longitudinal data from Ethiopia, this study characterized women’s diet over time and evaluated the potential implications of seasonality and irrigation on women’s diet. Women’s dietary diversity was low (3-4 out of 10 food groups) and exhibited high seasonal variability (P<0.05). Diets were predominantly plant-based, with little consumption of nutrient dense foods, such as fruits and animal source foods. High seasonal variability in energy, protein, vitamin C, calcium, iron, and zinc intakes were observed (P<0.01). Irrigators were more likely to meet the minimum dietary diversity for women (MDDW), had higher energy and calcium intake, and lower prevalence of anemia, than women from non-irrigating households (P< 0.05). No cases of malaria were reported from the three rounds of screening. Our preliminary findings suggest that there is high seasonal variation in women’s diet, but this can be partly offset by irrigation practices.