Acute Myeloid Leukemia Diagnosis Prognosis Treatment And Outcomes

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Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Diagnosis, Prognosis, Treatment and Outcomes

Author : Rina Kansal
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2023
Category : Acute myeloid leukemia
ISBN : 9798891133853

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Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Diagnosis, Prognosis, Treatment and Outcomes by Rina Kansal Pdf

"This book is written by multidisciplinary specialists who diagnose and treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and is meant for anyone interested in the clinical care of patients with hematologic malignancies, including students and trainees. The 21 contributors for this book include expert clinicians in leukemia and hematologic malignancies, infectious diseases, pharmacological drug administration, pathology, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, and artificial intelligence, and one medical student and advanced trainees. The book comprises nine chapters, starting with a comprehensive overview of the global epidemiology, etiology, prognosis, treatment, and outcomes in patients with AML. Chapter 2 describes the classification of myeloid neoplasms, including AML, with a historical perspective and current diagnostic criteria. This chapter describes the fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification and the updates from the revised fourth edition of the WHO classification. It compares the similarities and differences from the International Consensus Classification. Chapter 3 is focused on genetic evaluation in AML, emphasizing cytogenetic techniques, with numerous illustrations depicting genetic abnormalities in AML. Chapter 4 discusses measurable residual disease (MRD) in AML and explains the approaches and current guidelines for MRD detection by multiparametric flow cytometry and molecular techniques, emphasizing the pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical factors in evaluating MRD, with illustrations for essential concepts. Chapter 5 describes clonal hematopoiesis and its role in the development of myeloid neoplasms. Chapter 6 discusses inherited germline predisposition to myeloid malignancies, including inherited bone marrow failure syndromes and syndromic and non-syndromic predisposition syndromes for hematologic malignancies. Chapter 7 describes and illustrates novel therapeutic agents in AML, including genetically-targeted therapies, non-genetically targeted therapies, and immunotherapies. Chapter 8 covers the management of infectious complications in patients with AML, and Chapter 9 introduces the reader, with many illustrations, to the emerging applications of artificial intelligence in diagnostic hematopathology"--

Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

Author : Hillard M. Lazarus,Mary J. Laughlin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 885 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2010-03-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781597454780

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Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation by Hillard M. Lazarus,Mary J. Laughlin Pdf

Since the original publication of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: Clinical Research and Practice, Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSC) has undergone several fast-paced changes. In this second edition, the editors have focused on topics relevant to evolving knowledge in the field in order to better guide clinicians in decision-making and management of their patients, as well as help lead laboratory investigators in new directions emanating from clinical observations. Some of the most respected clinicians and scientists in this discipline have responded to the recent advances in the field by providing state-of-the-art discussions addressing these topics in the second edition. The text covers the scope of human genomic variation, the methods of HLA typing and interpretation of high-resolution HLA results. Comprehensive and up-to-date, Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: Clinical Research and Practice, Second Edition offers concise advice on today's best clinical practice and will be of significant benefit to all clinicians and researchers in allogeneic HSC transplantation.

Pathogenesis and Treatment of Leukemia

Author : Harinder Gill,Yok-Lam Kwong
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 665 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2023-09-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789819938100

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Pathogenesis and Treatment of Leukemia by Harinder Gill,Yok-Lam Kwong Pdf

This book covers a comprehensive update on acute and chronic leukemia. In 54 chapters, authors introduce research progress and clinical trials of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The last decade has seen the integration of genetic and clinical information to determine the prognosis and treatment strategies. This book provides practitioners, researchers and graduate students of Hematology and Hematopathology a comprehensive update on the pathobiology, genomics, classification, diagnosis, monitoring, prognostication and therapy of both acute and chronic leukemias.

Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Author : Christoph Röllig,Gert J. Ossenkoppele
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2021-05-18
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783030726768

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Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Christoph Röllig,Gert J. Ossenkoppele Pdf

This book, written by a team of leading experts, provides a comprehensive overview of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the most frequent acute leukemia in adults. The opening chapters present current knowledge of epidemiology, etiologic factors, and the pathogenesis and molecular development of AML. Detailed guidance is offered on laboratory and clinical diagnostic workup and disease classification, and the patient- and disease-related factors that determine prognosis and treatment allocation are identified. On the basis of these general considerations, initial treatments in patients considered fit for intensive treatment and in older and co-morbid patients are reviewed, and the available relapse treatment strategies, explained. For all clinical scenarios, the most recent data on the optimal use of newly approved agents in different AML subgroups are presented. Separate chapters address the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia, current practice of allogeneic stem cell transplantation, and special clinical situations. Finally, promising approaches in drug development, current standards and challenges in assessment of measurable residual disease, immune approaches, and ideas for innovative trial designs are considered.

Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Author : Juan M. Garza
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Acute myeloid leukemia
ISBN : 1634838785

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Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Juan M. Garza Pdf

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive bone marrow cancer associated with high morbidity and mortality and most commonly affects older patient populations. In this book, the clinical presentation of acute myeloid leukemia are presented. Other chapters present the differences in the outcomes of two subtypes of core binding factor (CBF) acute myeloid leukemia (AML); examine the occurrence of the Philadelphia chromosome in AML with core binding factor leukemia; and therapeutic options of older patients with AML.

Fast Facts: Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Author : William Blum,Vikram Mathews
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2018-05-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781910797594

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Fast Facts: Acute Myeloid Leukemia by William Blum,Vikram Mathews Pdf

This last year has seen the approval of the first targeted treatments for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) - following decades with no new developments and a poor prognosis for most patients with the disease. The new drugs reflect the remarkable progress that has been made in our understanding of the pathophysiology of AML and its underlying cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities - which differ not only between patients but also within a patient over time and with treatment. 'Fast Facts: Acute Myeloid Leukemia' provides a comprehensive yet concise foundation for understanding AML: from basic epidemiology, diagnosis, classification and the current 'standard' treatment, through to recent advances in our understanding of the cytogenetic and molecular underpinnings of the disease, such as the IDH2 mutation, and the future for tailored therapy. It will be useful to primary care providers, medical students, specialist nurses, junior doctors and allied healthcare professionals who want to develop a thorough grounding in our evolving understanding of AML and its treatment. Contents: • Epidemiology, pathophysiology and etiology • Diagnosis • Treatment • Supportive care • Prognosis and monitoring • Emerging treatments • Useful resources

Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Author : Ajay Vora
Publisher : Springer
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2017-04-21
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319397085

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Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia by Ajay Vora Pdf

This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of all aspects of childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, from basic biology to supportive care. It offers new insights into the genetic pre-disposition to the condition and discusses how response to early therapy and its basic biology are utilized to develop new prognostic stratification systems and target therapy. Readers will learn about current treatment and outcomes, such as immunotherapy and targeted therapy approaches. Supportive care and management of the condition in resource poor countries are also discussed in detail. This is an indispensable guide for research and laboratory scientists, pediatric hematologists as well as specialist nurses involved in the care of childhood leukemia.

Diagnosis and Management of Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Author : Aziz Nazha
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 179 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2020-08-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783030518783

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Diagnosis and Management of Myelodysplastic Syndromes by Aziz Nazha Pdf

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of clonal disorders characterized by pancytopenias and the risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia. The diagnosis of MDS can be challenging, while the outcomes of MDS patients vary widely. This book provides a concise yet comprehensive overview of MDS. The book begins by reviewing the diagnostic workup of MDS, with a specific focus on the 2016 WHO criteria for MDS diagnosis, and the biology and pathophysiology of the disease. The text then presents the molecular landscape of MDS and its impact on disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decisions. The book continues by profiling different prognostic models of MDS and concludes with a thorough review of treatment algorithms for lower and higher-risk MDS, as well as the use of hematopoietic stem cell transplant to combat the disease. Written by experts in the field, Diagnosis and Management of Myelodysplastic Syndromes: A Clinical Guide is a valuable resource for clinicians, practitioners, and researchers who are interested in MDS. The text also features over 100 illustrations, photographs, and tables.

The EBMT Handbook

Author : Nicolaus Kröger,Mohamad Mohty,Carlo Dufour
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 688 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2020-10-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1013273672

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The EBMT Handbook by Nicolaus Kröger,Mohamad Mohty,Carlo Dufour Pdf

This Open Access edition of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) handbook addresses the latest developments and innovations in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and cellular therapy. Consisting of 93 chapters, it has been written by 175 leading experts in the field. Discussing all types of stem cell and bone marrow transplantation, including haplo-identical stem cell and cord blood transplantation, it also covers the indications for transplantation, the management of early and late complications as well as the new and rapidly evolving field of cellular therapies. This book provides an unparalleled description of current practices to enhance readers' knowledge and practice skills. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.

Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML)

Author : Irvin Mendez
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Acute myeloid leukemia
ISBN : 1536143456

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Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) by Irvin Mendez Pdf

Acute myeloid leukemia is the most common adult acute leukemia, but its etiology in individual patients is poorly understood. An increased risk of acute myeloid leukemia may be inherited (through congenital hematologic diseases and syndromes or germline disorders) or be acquired due to a lifetime of exposure to environmental or chemical agents, or genotoxic stress. In this collection, the authors explore risk factors for acute myeloid leukemia, newer epidemiologic studies on the connections between these risks and clinical phenotypes and outcomes of the disease. The subsequent chapter evaluates different prognostic factors and stratifications of risk that have been published in the attempt to assess the influence of acute myeloid leukemia progression on the overall survival of myelodysplastic syndromes patients, evaluating them in a population-based registry. Many acute myeloid leukemia patients cannot tolerate standard chemotherapy due to its high toxicity. A milder therapy for acute myeloid leukemia has long been sought after, and until now the only successful clinical application has been all-trans-retinoic acid-based therapy for just one subtype of acute myeloid leukemia, acute promyelocytic leukaemia. The concluding chapter aims to address other therapeutic candidates.

Hematology

Author : Ronald Hoffman
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 2821 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Blood
ISBN : 0443066280

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Hematology by Ronald Hoffman Pdf

Leukemia: A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Author : Ethan D. Anderson
Publisher : BornIncredible.com
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2023-01-01
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9781776969579

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Leukemia: A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding, Diagnosis, and Treatment by Ethan D. Anderson Pdf

"A comprehensive guide for patients, families, and caregivers facing leukemia." Are you or a loved one facing a leukemia diagnosis? Arm yourself with knowledge, hope, and support with "Leukemia: A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding, Diagnosis, and Treatment." This essential guidebook provides a clear and thorough overview of leukemia, demystifying the complexities of this blood cancer for patients, families, and caregivers. Carefully written, this book helps to empower readers to make informed decisions about their healthcare journey. Inside this invaluable resource, you'll discover: A detailed introduction to leukemia, its types, causes, and risk factors. In-depth explanations of blood and bone marrow anatomy, and how leukemia affects these crucial components. An extensive look at the signs and symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and staging systems for leukemia. A comprehensive overview of treatment options, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplantation, immunotherapy, and clinical trials. Specific chapters on pediatric leukemia, living with leukemia, and survivorship, addressing unique challenges and opportunities for patients and their families. Guidance on supportive care, palliative care, and caregiving, with practical advice and resources for managing side effects, emotional well-being, and financial considerations. "Leukemia: A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding, Diagnosis, and Treatment" is more than just a reference book. It is a powerful tool that empowers those affected by leukemia to take control of their lives, providing them with the knowledge and resources they need to face blood cancer with confidence and hope. Don't let leukemia define your journey. Order your copy today and take the first step towards understanding, healing, and hope. Table of Contents What is Leukemia? Definition and Types Causes and Risk Factors Epidemiology and Statistics Anatomy of Blood and Bone Marrow Components of Blood Bone Marrow Structure and Function Hematopoiesis Pathophysiology of Leukemia Genetic and Molecular Abnormalities Leukemic Cell Development Effects on Normal Blood Cells Signs and Symptoms General Symptoms Organ-Specific Manifestations Complications The different types of Leukemia Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) Hairy Cell Leukemia Myelodysplastic Syndromes Myeloproliferative Disorders. Who’s at risk for Leukemia? How do you get Leukemia? What are the symptoms of Leukemia? What causes Leukemia? How can Leukemia be prevented? How is Leukemia diagnosed? Medical History and Physical Examination Laboratory Tests Imaging Studies Biopsy and Cytogenetics Classification and Staging World Health Organization Classification Prognostic Factors Staging Systems How do you treat Leukemia? Goals of Treatment Multidisciplinary Approach Factors Influencing Treatment Decisions Chemotherapy for Leukemia patients Radiation therapy for Leukemia patients Bone marrow and stem cell transplants for Leukemia patients Immunotherapy and targeted therapy for Leukemia patients Induction Therapy Consolidation and Maintenance Therapy Targeted Therapy External Beam Radiation Radioimmunotherapy Total Body Irradiation Stem Cell Transplantation Autologous Transplant Allogeneic Transplant Preparative Regimens and Graft-Versus-Host Disease Immunotherapy Monoclonal Antibodies Adoptive Cell Therapy Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Supportive Care Blood Transfusions Infection Prevention and Management Clinical trials for Leukemia patients Types of Clinical Trials Benefits and Risks Participating in Clinical Trials Pediatric Leukemia Unique Characteristics Treatment Approaches Alternative treatments for Leukemia What is the prognosis for Leukemia Long-Term Effects and Follow-Up Care Research and Future Directions Advances in Leukemia Research Emerging Treatments Personalized Medicine and Precision Oncology Coping with Leukemia Emotional impact of Leukemia Coping strategies for patients and caregivers Emotional and Psychological Support Pain Management The role of diet in Leukemia The role of stress in Leukemia What are the risks and complications associated with Leukemia? Living with Leukemia Palliative Care and Hospice Goals of Palliative Care Managing Symptoms Hospice Care Survivorship Follow-Up Care Late Effects and Secondary Cancers Caregiving and Family Support Roles and Responsibilities Communication and Decision-Making Resources for Caregivers Financial and Legal Considerations Health Insurance and Medical Expenses Employment and Disability Rights Advance Directives and Estate Planning Frequently Asked Questions. What are the first signs of having Leukemia? What is the survival rate of leukaemia? What causes leukaemia? What happens when a person has Leukemia? How long can you have leukaemia without knowing? What are the red flags for Leukemia? How long can a leukaemia patient live? Is Leukemia able to be cured? Can you suddenly get Leukemia? Where does Leukemia usually begin? Is Leukemia curable if caught early? What age is Leukemia most common? Would Leukemia show up in blood test? Who is most likely to get Leukemia? What can be confused for Leukemia? How fatal is Leukemia? Can you live a full life after Leukemia? Is Leukemia always terminal? How successful is chemotherapy for Leukemia? What is lemons for Leukemia? Can Leukemia be inherited? How serious is lymphocytic Leukemia? Is lymphocytic Leukemia curable? What is the survival rate of lymphocytic Leukemia? What causes lymphocytic Leukemia? Is lymphocytic Leukemia terminal? Can you have Leukemia for years without knowing? What is the best treatment for lymphocytic Leukemia? What kills people with CLL? What is the average age of CLL patients? Is lymphocytic Leukemia an autoimmune disease? What is the meaning of lymphocytic? Where does Leukemia start in the body? What are the stages of lymphocytic Leukemia? What are signs that CLL is progressing? Can blood test detect Leukemia? Is lymphocytic Leukemia painful? Can I live a normal life with CLL? What happens if chronic lymphocytic Leukemia is left untreated? Can I drink alcohol with CLL? What is the most common cause of death in CLL? What is the best vitamin for CLL? What is survival rate for AML? What are the 3 stages of AML Leukemia? Is AML Leukemia curable? How aggressive is AML Leukemia? How long do AML patients live? Does AML spread quickly? What triggers AML Leukemia? How quickly does AML progress? What were your first AML symptoms? What are the 5 stages of Leukemia AML? Is AML considered terminal? Does AML come on suddenly? How long does chemo last for AML? Is AML Leukemia genetic? Who is most likely to get AML? Can AML run in families? What are the end stages of AML Leukemia? What organs are affected by AML? What is palliative care for AML? How many rounds of chemo is needed for AML? What is the 7 day rule in chemotherapy? Can you have AML for years and not know it? What is the survival rate for CLL Leukemia? How serious is CLL cancer? How is CLL different from Leukemia? Is CLL Leukemia fatal? Can CLL patients live 20 years? What should be avoided in CLL? What age group is CLL most common? How quickly does CLL progress? What is end stage CLL like? What is the 1st line treatment for CLL? How painful is CLL? Does CLL shorten life expectancy? How do you know what stage you are with CLL? Does exercise help CLL? What is the 15 year survival rate for CLL? What can trigger CLL? What organs are affected by CLL? What is the 10 year survival rate for CLL? What is very high risk CLL? Does CLL go to the brain? Can CLL spread to other organs? What is the survival rate of Leukemia CML? Is CML life threatening? Is CML a good cancer? How do you get CML Leukemia? How long can a CML patient live? Is CML treated with chemo? What are the signs of CML getting worse? What organs are affected by CML? What is the best treatment for CML? What were your first CML symptoms? What is the first stage of CML? Is CML considered a rare disease? How long is chemotherapy for CML? Can CML turn into other cancers? What to expect when you have CML? Are you born with CML? Does CML reduce life expectancy? Does CML have a good prognosis? Can stress cause CML? Does CML go to brain? Is CML the same as Leukemia? What is the survival rate for hairy cell Leukemia? How serious is hairy cell Leukemia? What is a common finding in patients with hairy cell Leukemia? How treatable is hairy cell Leukemia? Why do you get hairy cell Leukemia? Should hairy cell Leukemia patients get Covid vaccine? What are some fun facts about hairy cell Leukemia? What is another name for hairy cell Leukemia? How long is chemo for hairy cell Leukemia? How can you prevent hairy cell Leukemia? Is the COVID vaccine safe for Leukemia patients? Does COVID vaccine affect chemotherapy? Can Covid affect your blood count? Does hair fully grow back after chemo? Does body hair grow back after chemo? Does body hair always grow back after chemo? What happens if you get COVID during chemo? Can Leukemia be cured? Should you vaccinate a FeLV positive cat? Can I have flu jab while on chemo? Can COVID vaccine lower red blood cell count? What are examples of myelodysplastic syndromes? How serious is myelodysplastic syndrome? What causes myelodysplastic syndrome? Is myelodysplasia a form of Leukemia? What is early stage myelodysplastic syndrome? Can you live a full life with MDS? What are signs that MDS is progressing? Is myelodysplastic syndrome always fatal? What is the most common finding in myelodysplastic syndrome? Does myelodysplasia run in families? Does MDS start suddenly? What causes death in MDS patients? How is MDS treated in the elderly? What are the symptoms of myelodysplasia? Does chemotherapy work on MDS? What should I avoid if I have MDS? Can MDS be cured with chemo? What age group gets MDS? Can MDS lead to other cancers? Does MDS cause pain? What part of the body does MDS affect? What are the symptoms of myeloproliferative disorder? How serious is myeloproliferative disorder? Is myeloproliferative disorders a cancer? What is the most common myeloproliferative disorder? How long can you live with myeloproliferative disorder? What is the survival rate of myeloproliferative? What is the difference between Leukemia and myeloproliferative disorder? How do you test for myeloproliferative disorder? How common is myeloproliferative disorders? Is myeloproliferative disorder rare? What is the average age of myelofibrosis? What is the life expectancy of a person with myelofibrosis? What does myeloproliferative mean? What is the prognosis for myeloproliferative neoplasm? How long can you live with JAK2 mutation? What is the cause of myeloproliferative disorder? What are the first symptoms of myelofibrosis? What is the end stage of myelofibrosis? How long can you have myelofibrosis without knowing? Can you live 20 years with myelofibrosis? Have Questions / Comments?

Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Author : Paolo Fortina,Eric Londin,Jason Y. Park,Larry J. Kricka
Publisher : Humana
Page : 278 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2018-08-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1493983962

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Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Paolo Fortina,Eric Londin,Jason Y. Park,Larry J. Kricka Pdf

This volume describes up-to-date techniques used in understanding the molecular biology of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and addressing advances in diagnosis, classification, prognostication, and therapeutic strategies to potentially impact overall patient survival. The chapters in this book cover topics such as: cytochemical staining, single-cell mass cytometry of AML and Leukemia stem/progenitor cells, microsphere-based assessment of DNA methylation for AML prognosis, a zebrafish model for evaluating the function of human leukemic gene IDH1 and its mutation, and the isolation of biologically active exosomes from plasma of patients with cancer. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and practical, Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for scientists and researchers to further their studies and advancements in the field of AML.

Prognostic markers in acute myeloid leukemia

Author : Ingrid Jakobsen
Publisher : Linköping University Electronic Press
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2018-12-19
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789176851951

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Prognostic markers in acute myeloid leukemia by Ingrid Jakobsen Pdf

The standard treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) consists of induction chemotherapy, most commonly daunorubicin together with the nucleoside analogue cytarabine (Ara-C), followed by consolidation chemotherapy and in selected cases allogenic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Despite a high initial response rate, a considerable proportion of all AML cases eventually suffer from relapse and the five-year overall survival rate in patients >60 years is only around 15%. Based on cytogenetic analysis, patients are divided into low risk, intermediate risk, and high-risk groups. While low risk patients have a high chance of reaching and remaining in remission after standard induction therapy, high-risk patients are likely to suffer from relapse and should be scheduled for allo-SCT when first complete remission is reached. The intermediate risk group consists of normal karyotype (NK) patients and those with karyotypes of uncertain clinical relevance, but the outcomes are heterogeneous. In NKAML patients, risk classification has improved with the addition of molecular markers including FLT3 internal tandem duplications (ITD) and mutations of NPM1 and CEBPA. Despite this development, there is a group of patients lacking reliable prognostic markers and in some cases the outcomes predicted do not match the outcomes observed, highlighting the need for additional markers. ABCB1 encodes a transporter protein responsible for the extrusion of cytotoxic compounds, including daunorubicin, over the cell membrane, and is a known resistance mechanism. Ara-C is subject to both activating and inactivating metabolic enzymes including DCK (activating), CDA and cN-II (inactivating). ABCB1, DCK, CDA and cN-II are all polymorphic, and SNPs affecting enzyme function and/or activity have potential as prognostic markers. In addition, recurrent IDH1/2 mutations lead to the expression of an enzyme with neomorphic activity associated with epigenetic alterations and disturbed differentiation. Mutations as well as a SNP in codon 105 of IDH1 have prognostic implications in AML, although the effects of different IDH mutations have been unclear. The aim of this thesis was to investigate SNPs in ABCB1 and genes associated with Ara-C metabolism, mutations in IDH1/2 and the IDH1 SNP, and their associations with treatment response and survival in AML. We show that the 1236C>T and 2677G>T SNPs in ABCB1 influence in vitro sensitivity towards AML drugs, with corresponding effects on NK-AML patient survival. These survival differences were seen mainly in patients lacking FLT3-ITD, further adding to the risk stratification. In contrast, the CDA SNPs 79A>C and -451C>T appear to influence survival mainly in FLT3-ITD positive cases. In conclusion, the above-mentioned SNPs have the potential to add important information to risk classifications especially in NK-AML patients with the ambiguous FLT3-ITD-/NPM1- or FLT3-ITD+/NPM1+ genotypes. In addition, we have shown that IDH2 R140 mutation is associated with impaired survival in AML, and that the IDH1 codon 105 SNP appears to confer a worse outcome in a subset of intermediate risk patients without FLT3-ITD. With the introduction of next generation sequencing into clinical diagnostics, IDH mutations may not only provide prognostic information but also guide the selection of patients for new drugs targeting the variant enzyme. Our results indicate that in addition to leukemia-specific mutations, constitutional SNPs may prove useful for further individualizing care-taking and should be considered when implementing these new techniques.

Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine

Author : Robert C. Bast, Jr.,Carlo M. Croce,William N. Hait,Waun Ki Hong,Donald W. Kufe,Martine Piccart-Gebhart,Raphael E. Pollock,Ralph R. Weichselbaum,Hongyang Wang,James F. Holland
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 2008 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2017-03-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781119000846

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Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine by Robert C. Bast, Jr.,Carlo M. Croce,William N. Hait,Waun Ki Hong,Donald W. Kufe,Martine Piccart-Gebhart,Raphael E. Pollock,Ralph R. Weichselbaum,Hongyang Wang,James F. Holland Pdf

Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine, Ninth Edition, offers a balanced view of the most current knowledge of cancer science and clinical oncology practice. This all-new edition is the consummate reference source for medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, internists, surgical oncologists, and others who treat cancer patients. A translational perspective throughout, integrating cancer biology with cancer management providing an in depth understanding of the disease An emphasis on multidisciplinary, research-driven patient care to improve outcomes and optimal use of all appropriate therapies Cutting-edge coverage of personalized cancer care, including molecular diagnostics and therapeutics Concise, readable, clinically relevant text with algorithms, guidelines and insight into the use of both conventional and novel drugs Includes free access to the Wiley Digital Edition providing search across the book, the full reference list with web links, illustrations and photographs, and post-publication updates