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Advances in Dark Matter Research by George M. Drake Pdf
"This monograph includes four chapters that present recent scientific advancements in dark matter research. Chapter One argues that hydrogen atoms provide the most natural explanation of dark matter. Chapter Two presents possible candidates for dark matter in the context of string theory. Chapter Three proposes simple solutions to the problems of dark energy and dark matter using the theory of general inconstancy and the Bodmer-Terazawa-Witten hypothesis. Chapter Four reviews dark matter as sterile neutrinos and fermions, dark photons, and dark energy, as well as the measurement of the fraction of dark energy density in the universe"--
Recent Developments in Dark Matter Research by Nori Kinjo,Akira Nakajima Pdf
In this text, the authors present current research in the study of dark matter. The topics discussed in this compilation include the submicroscopic viewpoint on gravitation, cosmology, dark energy and dark matter, and the first data of inerton astronomy; some new astronomical consequences of the dark matter conception; dark matter/energy, quantum mechanics and modern causal analysis; non-baryonic dark matter in cosmology; superheated liquids and the search for astroparticle dark matter; behaviour of dark matter in interacting dark energy models; rotation curves in Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter halos; weyl dark fluid from the brane world scenario; massive neutron stars to dark matter particle properties; and modelling dark matter halos via solitonic BE condensates.
Advances in Dark Energy Research by Miranda L. Ortiz Pdf
This book addresses the latest advances in dark energy research, including addressing the problem with regard to both the origin of dark energy and the origin of dark matter; vacuum energy as the origin of accelerating expansion and issues which arise from such a hypothesis; born reciprocity and cosmic accelerations; cosmic acceleration for harmonic gravitational connections; showing time as a function of the cosmological comoving distance, using the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker model, the dark energy problem using a theory with a minimal length on the order of Plancks length; and a discussion on the kinematic aspects of the accelerated universe expansion process.
Dark Matter and Dark Energy by Sabino Matarrese,Monica Colpi,Vittorio Gorini,Ugo Moschella Pdf
This book brings together reviews from leading international authorities on the developments in the study of dark matter and dark energy, as seen from both their cosmological and particle physics side. Studying the physical and astrophysical properties of the dark components of our Universe is a crucial step towards the ultimate goal of unveiling their nature. The work developed from a doctoral school sponsored by the Italian Society of General Relativity and Gravitation. The book starts with a concise introduction to the standard cosmological model, as well as with a presentation of the theory of linear perturbations around a homogeneous and isotropic background. It covers the particle physics and cosmological aspects of dark matter and (dynamical) dark energy, including a discussion of how modified theories of gravity could provide a possible candidate for dark energy. A detailed presentation is also given of the possible ways of testing the theory in terms of cosmic microwave background, galaxy redshift surveys and weak gravitational lensing observations. Included is a chapter reviewing extensively the direct and indirect methods of detection of the hypothetical dark matter particles. Also included is a self-contained introduction to the techniques and most important results of numerical (e.g. N-body) simulations in cosmology. " This volume will be useful to researchers, PhD and graduate students in Astrophysics, Cosmology Physics and Mathematics, who are interested in cosmology, dark matter and dark energy.
Progress in Dark Matter Research by J. Val Blain Pdf
It is generally believed that most of the matter in the universe is dark, i.e. cannot be detected from the light which it emits (or fails to emit). Its presence is inferred indirectly from the motions of astronomical objects, specifically stellar, galactic, and galaxy cluster/supercluster observations. It is also required in order to enable gravity to amplify the small fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background enough to form the large-scale structures that we see in the universe today. For each of the stellar, galactic, and galaxy cluster/supercluster observations the basic principle is that if we measure velocities in some region, then there has to be enough mass there for gravity to stop all the objects flying apart. Dark matter has important consequences for the evolution of the Universe and the structure within it. According to general relativity, the Universe must conform to one of three possible types: open, flat, or closed. The total amount of mass and energy in the universe determines which of the three possibilities applies to the Universe. In the case of an open Universe, the total mass and energy density (denoted by the Greek letter Omega) is less than unity. If the Universe is closed, Omega is greater than unity. For the case where Omega is exactly equal to one the Universe is "flat". This book details leading-edge research from around the globe.
An Introduction to Particle Dark Matter by Stefano Profumo Pdf
What is the dark matter that fills the Universe and binds together galaxies? How was it produced? What are its interactions and particle properties? The paradigm of dark matter is one of the key developments at the interface of cosmology and elementary particle physics. It is also one of the foundations of the standard cosmological model. This book presents the state of the art in building and testing particle models for dark matter. Each chapter gives an analysis of questions, research directions, and methods within the field. More than 200 problems are included to challenge and stimulate the reader's knowledge and provide guidance in the practical implementation of the numerous "tools of the trade" presented. Appendices summarize the basics of cosmology and particle physics needed for any quantitative understanding of particle models for dark matter. This interdisciplinary textbook is essential reading for anyone interested in the microscopic nature of dark matter as it manifests itself in particle physics experiments, cosmological observations, and high-energy astrophysical phenomena: from graduate students and advanced undergraduates to cosmologists and astrophysicists interested in particle models for dark matter and particle physicists interested in early-universe cosmology and high-energy astrophysics. Request Inspection Copy
Sources and Detection of Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe by David B. Cline Pdf
Dark matter research is one of the most fascinating and active fields among current high-profile scientific endeavours. It holds the key to all major breakthroughs to come in the fields of cosmology and astroparticle physics. The present volume is particularly concerned with the sources and the detection of dark matter and dark energy in the universe and will prove to be an invaluable research tool for all scientists who work in this field.
National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Committee on the Physics of the Universe
Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Committee on the Physics of the Universe Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 222 pages File Size : 44,6 Mb Release : 2003-03-12 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309171137
Connecting Quarks with the Cosmos by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Committee on the Physics of the Universe Pdf
Advances made by physicists in understanding matter, space, and time and by astronomers in understanding the universe as a whole have closely intertwined the question being asked about the universe at its two extremesâ€"the very large and the very small. This report identifies 11 key questions that have a good chance to be answered in the next decade. It urges that a new research strategy be created that brings to bear the techniques of both astronomy and sub-atomic physics in a cross-disciplinary way to address these questions. The report presents seven recommendations to facilitate the necessary research and development coordination. These recommendations identify key priorities for future scientific projects critical for realizing these scientific opportunities.
In this brilliant exploration of our cosmic environment, the renowned particle physicist and New York Times bestselling author of Warped Passages and Knocking on Heaven’s Door uses her research into dark matter to illuminate the startling connections between the furthest reaches of space and life here on Earth. Sixty-six million years ago, an object the size of a city descended from space to crash into Earth, creating a devastating cataclysm that killed off the dinosaurs, along with three-quarters of the other species on the planet. What was its origin? In Dark Matter and the Dinosaurs, Lisa Randall proposes it was a comet that was dislodged from its orbit as the Solar System passed through a disk of dark matter embedded in the Milky Way. In a sense, it might have been dark matter that killed the dinosaurs. Working through the background and consequences of this proposal, Randall shares with us the latest findings—established and speculative—regarding the nature and role of dark matter and the origin of the Universe, our galaxy, our Solar System, and life, along with the process by which scientists explore new concepts. In Dark Matter and the Dinosaurs, Randall tells a breathtaking story that weaves together the cosmos’ history and our own, illuminating the deep relationships that are critical to our world and the astonishing beauty inherent in the most familiar things.
Illuminating Dark Matter by Rouven Essig,Jonathan Feng,Kathryn Zurek Pdf
Based on a Simons Symposium held in 2018, the proceedings in this volume focus on the theoretical, numerical, and observational quest for dark matter in the universe. Present ground-based and satellite searches have so far severely constrained the long-proposed theoretical models for dark matter. Nevertheless, there is continuously growing astrophysical and cosmological evidence for its existence. To address present and future developments in the field, novel ideas, theories, and approaches are called for. The symposium gathered together a new generation of experts pursuing innovative, more complex theories of dark matter than previously considered.This is being done hand in hand with experts in numerical astrophysical simulations and observational techniques—all paramount for deciphering the nature of dark matter. The proceedings volume provides coverage of the most advanced stage of understanding dark matter in various new frameworks. The collection will be useful for graduate students, postdocs, and investigators interested in cutting-edge research on one of the biggest mysteries of our universe.
Matter, Dark Matter, and Anti-Matter by Alain Mazure,Vincent Le Brun Pdf
For over ten years, the dark side of the universe has been headline news. Detailed studies of the rotation of spiral galaxies, and 'mirages' created by clusters of galaxies bending the light from very remote objects, have convinced astronomers of the presence of large quantities of dark (unseen) matter in the cosmos. The most striking fact is that they seem to compromise about 95% of the matter/energy content of the universe. As for ordinary matter, although we are immersed in a sea of dark particles, including primordial neutrinos and photons from fossil cosmological radiation, both we and our environment are made of ordinary, 'baryonic' matter. Authors Mazure and Le Brun present the inventory of matter, baryonic and exotic, and investigating the nature and fate of matter's twin, anti-matter. They show how technological progress has been a result of basic research, in tandem with the evolution of new ideas, and how the combined effect of these advances might help lift the cosmic veil.
This book presents several new, important explanations for dark matter, all dissimilar to the discredited subatomic particle-like but invisible matter. One chapter presents evidence that abundant cold hydrogen, baryonic matter, is the source of the missing gravity. Another chapter suggests that dark matter is better explained by stars in spiral galaxies that follow non-Keplerian orbits. A third chapter proposes that gravity attributed to dark matter is due to the sprinkling of black holes throughout galaxies, which is supported by LIGO/Virgo observations. Another chapter questions the assumptions of the Friedmann (FLRW) model, proposing a better method for handling astrophysical data. Additional chapters discuss cosmic ray propagation, axion decay, the cosmological scale factor, and the philosophical outlook of cosmologists when dealing with the questions of dark matter and dark energy.
Trends in Dark Matter Research by J. Val Blain Pdf
It is generally believed that most of the matter in the universe is dark, i.e. cannot be detected from the light which it emits (or fails to emit). Its presence is inferred indirectly from the motions of astronomical objects, specifically stellar, galactic, and galaxy cluster/supercluster observations. It is also required in order to enable gravity to amplify the small fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background enough to form the large-scale structures that we see in the universe today. For each of the stellar, galactic, and galaxy cluster/supercluster observations the basic principle is that if we measure velocities in some region, then there has to be enough mass there for gravity to stop all the objects flying apart. Dark matter has important consequences for the evolution of the universe and the structure within it. According to general relativity, the universe must conform to one of three possible types: open, flat, or closed. The total amount of mass and energy in the universe determines which of the three possibilities applies to the universe. In the case of an open universe, the total mass and energy density (denoted by the Greek letter Ù) is less than unity. If the universe is closed, Ù is greater than unity. For the case where Ù is exactly equal to one the universe is "flat". This new book details leading-edge research from around the globe.
Bright Galaxies, Dark Matter, and Beyond by Ashley Jean Yeager Pdf
How Vera Rubin convinced the scientific community that dark matter might exist, persevering despite early dismissals of her work. We now know that the universe is mostly dark, made up of particles and forces that are undetectable even by our most powerful telescopes. The discovery of the possible existence of dark matter and dark energy signaled a Copernican-like revolution in astronomy: not only are we not the center of the universe, neither is the stuff of which we’re made. Astronomer Vera Rubin (1928–2016) played a pivotal role in this discovery. By showing that some astronomical objects seem to defy gravity’s grip, Rubin helped convince the scientific community of the possibility of dark matter. In Bright Galaxies, Dark Matter, and Beyond, Ashley Jean Yeager tells the story of Rubin’s life and work, recounting her persistence despite early dismissals of her work and widespread sexism in science. Yeager describes Rubin’s childhood fascination with stars, her education at Vassar and Cornell, and her marriage to a fellow scientist. At first, Rubin wasn’t taken seriously; she was a rarity, a woman in science, and her findings seemed almost incredible. Some observatories in midcentury America restricted women from using their large telescopes; Rubin was unable to collect her own data until a decade after she had earned her PhD. Still, she continued her groundbreaking work, driving a scientific revolution. She received the National Medal of Science in 1993, but never the Nobel Prize—perhaps overlooked because of her gender. She’s since been memorialized with a ridge on Mars, an asteroid, a galaxy, and most recently, the Vera C. Rubin Observatory—the first national observatory named after a woman.
Dark Matter in Astrophysics and Particle Physics by Hans Volker Klapdor-Kleingrothaus,I. V. Krivosheina Pdf
Dark matter and dark energy are one of the central mysteries in modern physics, although modern astrophysical and cosmological observations and particle physics experiments can and will provide vital clues in uncovering its true nature. The DARK 2009 Conference brought together World?s leading researchers in both astrophysics and particle physics, providing an opportunity and platform to present their latest results to the community. The topics covered are wide-ranging, from terrestrial underground experiments to space experimental efforts to search for dark matter, and on the theoretical aspects, from the generating of a fifth family as origin of dark matter, extra dimensions and dark matter to non-standard Wigner classes and dark matter. One of the new highlights was certainly a possible connection between a neutrino mass as observed by nuclear double beta decay and the dark energy. Highly important and relevant in its field, the book presents a vital snapshot of the sometimes seemingly disparate areas of dark matter research and offers an exciting overview of current ideas and future directions.
