Agricultural Transformation In Nepal

Author : Ganesh Thapa,Anjani Kumar,P.K. Joshi
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 652 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2019-11-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789813296480

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Agricultural Transformation in Nepal by Ganesh Thapa,Anjani Kumar,P.K. Joshi Pdf

This book addresses some key strategic questions related to agriculture in the context of major contemporary developments and emerging challenges in Nepal such as the changing role of agriculture with economic growth, structural transformation in reducing poverty, improving nutritional outcomes, and addressing the challenges of climate change. The book also suggests policy measures to improve the delivery of critical inputs and services and ensure the participation of marginal and smallholders in high-value chains. Further, it discusses how the new federal system and governance structure will affect the delivery of agricultural technology and services. The book is divided into five parts. Part I discusses macro-issues in the agriculture sector, while Part II focuses on agricultural productivity growth and its main drivers. The third part explores diversification in the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors by farmers and other rural people for livelihood improvement, while the fourth part deals with agricultural trade and marketing issues, highlighting policy implications and recommendations in the areas of immediate focus and further research. Lastly, Part V addresses institutions and governance issues, which are vital for agricultural development. In the final chapter, the editors summarize and synthesize the book’s main findings and develop a policy agenda for addressing the many challenges faced by the agriculture sector in Nepal, so as to make it more productive, competitive, sustainable, and inclusive. The book offers a rich source of analytical information on various aspects of agricultural development in Nepal and will be of immense value to policymakers, development partners, civil society, students, and those interested in the economic and agricultural development of not only Nepal, but also other developing countries.

Author : Takeshima, Hiroyuki,Kumar, Anjani
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 55 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2020-06-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Changing returns-to-scale and deepening of factor-endowments-induced specialization: Exploring broader linkage between agricultural mechanization and agricultural transformation in Nepal by Takeshima, Hiroyuki,Kumar, Anjani Pdf

Heterogeneity in factor endowments and the degree of specializations induced by comparative advantages are among the crucial factors that affect the overall productivity of the economy. Few studies, however, investigate what strengthens such endowment-related specialization patterns in the agricultural sector in low-income countries, although such evolutions have profound effects on the role of factor endowments in households’ behaviors. This is in contrast to well-established international trade theory, such as the Heckscher–Ohlin theorem which describes how heterogeneity in endowment across countries gives rise to comparative advantages for specialization and trade. We partly fill this critical knowledge gap by providing a set of evidence from Nepal, which is a country that has historically been dominated by smallholder farmers and yet has recently been experiencing rapid structural transformation within the agricultural sector. Specifically, we show the following: the agricultural sector in Nepal has experienced a significant increase in returns-to-scale (RTS) in production in recent years during the process of growing adoptions of agricultural mechanization through the custom-hiring market. Such increase in RTS has primarily strengthened the linkages between factor endowment heterogeneity (across farm households) and their specialization behaviors in labor, land, and the agricultural capital market. Both cross-section and panel-data of households in Nepal extracted from Nepal Living Standards Surveys are used to generate this evidence. We find that rising RTS associated primarily with tractor use growth has been inducing greater exploitations of comparative advantages; agricultural households have been increasingly specializing in exchanges of production factors, services, and outputs, in ways consistent with predictions based on their relative factor endowments. Specifically, the rise in RTS has induced households with more labor, land, and capital endowments to rent out their labor, land, and credit, respectively, within the agricultural sector, while increasingly renting-in the other factors with which they are less endowed. The results suggest that understanding factor endowments heterogeneity among agricultural households is becoming increasingly important for effective agricultural policy designs in countries like Nepal, where employment shares in the agricultural sector remain high despite the growth in mechanization.

Author : Padhan, Mamata,Palikhe, Aruna,Adhikari,Madan,Pandey, Meera,Gupta, Shalini,Mohan, Anisha
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 46 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2023-12-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Proceedings of the National Consultation Workshop on Food and Agriculture System Transformation in Nepal by Padhan, Mamata,Palikhe, Aruna,Adhikari,Madan,Pandey, Meera,Gupta, Shalini,Mohan, Anisha Pdf

The United States Government’s (USG) Global Food Security Strategy (GFSS) is an integrated whole-of-government approach that aims to end global hunger, poverty, and malnutrition through the Feed the Future initiative. Launched in 2010 across Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean, Feed the Future aims to stimulate agriculture-led growth, resilience, and nutrition in countries with significant needs and opportunities for improvement. Through partnerships that invest in agriculture, build resilience, and improve nutrition, the USG has provided the basic dignity of food to millions of families worldwide. This initiative has delivered impressive results, including an estimated 23.4 million people lifted to above the poverty line, 3.4 million children no longer stunted, and an estimated 5.2 million families overcoming hunger. Additionally, Feed the Future has unlocked $3.5 billion in financing for food security (2011–2019), generated $13.7 billion in agricultural sales, and developed and deployed over 1,000 innovations. However, the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, climate change, and international conflicts have significantly hampered the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). As a result, the USG has developed the Global Food Security Strategy Refresh (GFSS-R) 2022–2026 that emphasizes the following five new areas of focus: 1. Equity and inclusion 2. An ambitious approach to climate change 3. Countering the long-term impacts of COVID-19 4. Employing systems thinking and working across the food system 5. Integration of conflict management, peacebuilding, and social cohesion This strategy refresh has significant implications for the Feed the Future initiative; therefore, all Feed the Future countries have now embarked on refreshing the country strategy to incorporate new programs and initiatives aligning with the GFSS-R. The strategy involves implementing a multi-faceted whole-of-government approach, assignment of ownership, and empowerment of country leadership to lead and guide the efforts for progress. The strategy refresh invokes partnership with a wide range of stakeholders, and harnesses the advancement of science, technology, and innovation to achieve these objectives. The Feed the Future interventions in Nepal ensured a very close partnership with the Government of Nepal and emphasized greater involvement of the private sector. Nepal is one of the oldest and most successful Feed the Future countries. Although efforts have been made to ensure food security in Nepal, the country still faces nutritional deficiency. Agricultural productivity in Nepal is comparatively low, and most of the farmers are still engaged in subsistence farming. Further, Nepal is highly vulnerable to climate change, natural disasters, pests, and diseases, exacerbating food insecurity leading to the prevalence of nutrition deficiencies, especially among marginalized populations who rely heavily on agriculture for their livelihoods. The USAID mission in Nepal commissioned the IFPRI to support the drafting of the new GFSS Nepal Country Plan. In this regard, provincial consultation workshop has been planned in collaboration with IIDS to generate constructive ideas and feedback on the past and existing interventions implemented in Nepal under Feed the Future and identify a way forward for strengthening and leveraging food and agriculture system transformation in Nepal.

Author : Hiroyuki Takeshima,Anjani Kumar
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1354530579

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Changing Returns-to-scale and Deepening of Factor-endowments-induced Specialization by Hiroyuki Takeshima,Anjani Kumar Pdf

Author : Takeshima, Hiroyuki
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 54 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2017-07-21
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Overview of the evolution of agricultural mechanization in Nepal: A focus on tractors and combine harvesters by Takeshima, Hiroyuki Pdf

This study was conducted to understand the evolution of agricultural mechanization in Nepal, specifically its determinants on both the demand and supply sides, as well as impacts on agricultural production and associations with broader economic transformation processes, in order to draw lessons that can be conveyed to other less mechanized countries. Mechanization levels in Nepal, a largely agricultural country, were relatively low until a few decades ago. However, significant mechanization growth, including the adoption of tractors, has occurred since the 1990s, against a backdrop of rising rural wages, particularly for plowing, combined with growing emigration and growth in key staple crop yields and overall broad agricultural production growth, as well as improved market access and participation. This growth in mechanization has taken place despite the general absence of direct government support or promotion. The growth of tractor use in the plains of the Terai zone has transformed agricultural production rather than inducing labor movement out of agriculture, raising overall returns to scale in intensification and enabling the cultivation of greater areas by medium smallholders than by resource-poor smallholders. Tractors have also facilitated the intensification of crop production per unit of land among very small farmers, enabling mechanization growth despite the continued decline in farm size, although these farmers may not have benefited as much as medium smallholders. Potential future research areas with policy relevance include mitigating accessibility constraints to tractor custom hiring services, identifying appropriate regulatory policies for mechanization, and providing complementary support to some smallholders who may not fully benefit from tractor adoption alone.

Author : Hiroyuki Takeshima,Yanyan Liu
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 5 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2019-08-31
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Mechanization growth and declining farm size in South Asia: Exploring the role of biological technologies in Nepal Terai by Hiroyuki Takeshima,Yanyan Liu Pdf

The agricultural sector in developing countries including those in South Asia, like Nepal, faces dual challenges of the persistent dominance of smallholder-based farming, and at the same time, rising labor costs due partly to growing non-farm sectors. The underlying factors that lead to the co-existence of these seemingly conflicting patterns are not yet clear. However, an important consequence is that inclusive agricultural transformation requires increased agricultural capital use like machines among these smallholders that remain in the agricultural sector. Studying the experiences in lowland Nepal (Terai zone) which has seen significant growth in tractor use since the mid-90s, despite the continuous decrease in average farm size, offers useful insights into what induce the adoptions of mechanization among smallholders who naturally lack the scope for exploiting the scale economies due to complementarity between machine and land. We test the hypotheses that high-yielding technologies, which potentially raise returns to more intensive farm power use, are important drivers of adoptions of agricultural mechanization among smallholders. We do so by using two-rounds of Agricultural Census data in Nepal, as well as Nepal Living Standard Survey (NLSS), and indicators of agroclimatic similarity with plant-breeding locations within Nepal.

Author : Babu, Suresh Chandra,Sah, Ram Pratap
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 43 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2019-03-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Agricultural research and extension system in Nepal: An organizational review by Babu, Suresh Chandra,Sah, Ram Pratap Pdf

This paper aims to address the status and challenges of agriculture research and extension and their linkages in Nepal. Agriculture plays a vital role in Nepal’s economy, employment, and livelihoods, contributing nearly 33 percent to gross domestic product, 66 percent to employment, and 50 percent to exports. Despite the government of Nepal’s (GON’s) priority and policy supports for more than two decades, the growth of agriculture has been very slow (less than 3.0 percent), mainly due to inadequate access to demand-driven technologies and extension services and to inputs, credits, markets, and incentives. Dynamic agriculture research and extension systems are instrumental for bringing transformations in agriculture.

Author : Joshi, Pramod Kumar,Weerahewa, Jeevika,Babu, Suresh Chandra,Rao, P. Parthasarathy
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 10 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2017-06-26
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Agricultural transformation in Sri Lanka: policy implications and way forward by Joshi, Pramod Kumar,Weerahewa, Jeevika,Babu, Suresh Chandra,Rao, P. Parthasarathy Pdf

Sri Lanka continues to experience strong economic growth over the recent years. In the food and agriculture sector, however, there are several conspicuous policy changes that require attentive analysis. Also, since 2008, agriculture growth slowed down due to drought and weak global demand which affected exports and trade. This brief takes stock of key food and agricultural indicators and provides key recommendations to further expedite the transformation of the sector. Sri Lanka has come a long way in terms of agricultural transformation, moving from subsistence- based agrarian economy towards early integration stage. But further progress towards market- oriented industrialized agriculture will crucially depend on the policy, institutional, and technological innovations that are designed and implemented by the Government. The government of Sri Lanka has been pursuing large-scale reconstruction and development projects to achieve higher growth by developing small and medium enterprises and to increase agricultural productivity.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2021-06-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789251344989

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Agricultural transformation in Asia by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

Over the past few decades, some countries in Asia have been more successful than others in addressing poverty and malnutrition. The key question is what policies, strategies, legislation and institutional arrangements have led to a transformed agricultural sector, effectively contributing to poverty alleviation and addressing malnutrition. The great majority of national policymakers within and outside the Asia-Pacific region are keen to understand the causes of agricultural development and transformation in successful countries in Asia. A large number of studies have been conducted and some of them link specific public policies and interventions to successful agricultural transformation. However, there seems to be lack of focus on the policy, legislative and institutional environments that have enabled or impeded agricultural transformation in Asia. National policymakers are likely to benefit significantly from adequate and convincing information on successful and relevant experiences in successful transformation. Countries are interested in what their neighbours and peers have done, and why some have achieved impressive results. The main purpose of this study is to take stock of public sector experiences in facilitating and enabling agricultural transformation in selected countries in Asia. The study focuses on key public sector interventions, in particular policies, legislation and institutional innovations, because these areas have so far not been adequately researched.

Author : Onta, Karuna,Pradham, Mamata,Palikhe, Aruna,Kumar, Mahajan,Mohan, Anisha
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 51 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2023-12-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Proceedings of the National Consultation Workshop on Food and Agriculture System Transformation in Nepal by Onta, Karuna,Pradham, Mamata,Palikhe, Aruna,Kumar, Mahajan,Mohan, Anisha Pdf

The National Consultation Workshop on Food and Agriculture System Transformation in Nepal was held in Kathmandu, Nepal on May 18–19, 2023. The consultation was organized by International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Institute for Integrated Development Studies (IIDS) with support from the United States Agency for International Development, Nepal (USAID/Nepal). This consultation was a part of generating insights / evidence for the United States Government’s (USG) Global Food Security Strategy-Refresh (GFSS-R) process. The US Government’s Global Food Security Strategy (GFSS) is an integrated whole-of-government approach that aims to end global hunger, poverty, and malnutrition through Feed the Future (FtF) initiatives. Several innovations in food and agriculture sectors have been successfully implemented in Nepal, being one of the oldest and most successful Feed the Future countries. However, more remains to be done to ensure food security in the nation. Farmers are still reliant on subsistence farming, leading to low agricultural productivity in the country. Rapid feminization in agriculture, owing to high outmigration and impact of climate change and natural disasters, has further burdened the poor, women, and marginalized groups in achieving food security. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant negative impact on the country’s economy, thwarting the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This National Consultation Workshop was designed with an objective to inform the GFSS-R 2022– 2026, with emphasis on i) equity and inclusion, ii) an ambitious approach to climate change, iii) countering the long-term impacts of COVID-19, iv) employing system thinking and working across food systems, and v) integration of conflict management, peace-building, and social cohesion. The Whole System in the Room (WSR) approach was applied to facilitate the workshop with 116 participants representing government, non-government organizations (NGOs), private sectors, and farmers from the federal, provincial, and local levels. Discussions during the consultation workshop were mostly centered on the proposed five themes: (i) Risk and Resilience Capacity, (ii) Food Systems Innovations, (iii) Markets and Trade, (iv) Food Systems Outputs and Outcomes, and (v) Food System Governance and Control. Additional sub-themes were identified to capture the status of each of the themes, and to address their gaps and constraints along with recommendations required to transform the food and agriculture system of Nepal. The participants have proposed specific prioritized recommendations from the list that was generated from the consultation. The summary of these prioritized recommendations for all five themes is given below.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,European Union,French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 28 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2022-02-16
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251354254

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Food Systems Profile – Nepal by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,European Union,French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development Pdf

This document, entitled Profile of Food Systems, presents in ten pages a summary of the main problems of Nepal's food systems, and possible solutions to make them more sustainable and inclusive. The result of a systemic analysis and consultation of all stakeholders in the systems, it is part of an evaluation supported by the European Union, FAO and CIRAD in 50 countries.

Author : Thapa, Ganesh,Kumar, Anjani,Joshi, Pramod Kumar
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2017-04-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Agricultural diversification in Nepal: Status, determinants, and its impact on rural poverty by Thapa, Ganesh,Kumar, Anjani,Joshi, Pramod Kumar Pdf

As in many parts of the developing world, the share of high value crops in agricultural gross domestic product (AgGDP) has increased substantially in Nepal. We contribute to the literature on trends in agricultural development in the poorest countries by answering the research question on “Does transition from traditional to high-value agriculture reduce rural poverty in poor developing countries”? We also identified the drivers leading to this transition. The study uses survey data from three rounds of the nationally representative Nepal Living Standard Surveys: NLSS I (1994/1995), NLSS II (2004/2005) and NLSS III (2010/2011). Multi-level model was used to study the determinants of agricultural diversification. To estimate the causal impact of agricultural diversification on welfare measures, propensity score matching and instrumental variable techniques were used. Results indicate that there has been a rightward shift in the distribution of the share (percent) of high-value crops between 1995 and 2004 and between 2004 and 2010, respectively. The area as well as the shared by major cereals (paddy, maize, and wheat) is declining over years. However, it is increasing for high-value crops (potato, vegetables, spices/condiments, and fruits). The percentage increase in share of the high-value crops was higher in or adjacent to urbanized districts between 1995 and 2010. The factors positively associated with the agricultural diversification are female-headed households, caste, mother's education, net-buyer status, urban region, remittance, farm size, kitchen garden, improved seeds, telephone and refrigerator. We found positive impact of agricultural diversification towards high-value crops on rural poverty and monthly per capita consumption expenditure. However, for cereal crops grower, we find the negative impact on poverty and monthly per capita consumption expenditure.

Author : Mahesh Banskota
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 102 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : 20c
ISBN : UOM:39015032545306

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Hill Agriculture and the Wider Market Economy by Mahesh Banskota Pdf

Author : Melsome Nelson-Richards
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 156 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9004082824

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Beyond the sociology of agrarian transformation by Melsome Nelson-Richards Pdf

Author : Suresh Chandra Babu,Ram Pratap Sah
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1176162215

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Agricultural Research and Extension System in Nepal by Suresh Chandra Babu,Ram Pratap Sah Pdf