Animal Sourced Foods And Child Stunting

Author : Headey, Derek D.,Hirvonen, Kalle,Hoddinott, John F.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2017-12-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Animal sourced foods and child stunting by Headey, Derek D.,Hirvonen, Kalle,Hoddinott, John F. Pdf

Stunting affects 160 million pre-school children around the world, and imposes significant costs on a child’s health, cognitive development, schooling and economic performance. Stunting in early childhood has been linked to poor dietary diversity, notably low intake of animal-sourced foods (ASFs) rich in high quality protein and other growth-stimulating nutrients. Surprisingly, however, very little economic research has focused on ASFs and child growth. In this paper we redress this omission through an analysis of 112,553 children aged 6-23 months from 46 countries. We first document distinctive patterns of ASF consumption among children in different regions, particularly highly variable patterns of dairy consumption, low consumption of eggs and meat, and surprisingly frequent consumption of fish in several poor regions of Africa and Asia. We then examine how ASF consumption is associated with child stunting in multivariate models saturated with control variables.

Author : Derek Headey,Kalle Hirvonen,John Hoddinott
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1163582041

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Animal Sourced Foods and Child Stunting by Derek Headey,Kalle Hirvonen,John Hoddinott Pdf

Author : Hettie Carina Schönfeldt,Gloria Essilfie,Yunyun Gong
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 195 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2024-05-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9782832548837

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New Challenges and Future Perspectives in Nutrition and Sustainable Diets in Africa by Hettie Carina Schönfeldt,Gloria Essilfie,Yunyun Gong Pdf

Africa is confronted with the triple burden of malnutrition; it is also faced with the triple challenges of poverty, inequality and unemployment. In many African countries, large proportions of the population rely on agriculture not only for their food - but also for their livelihoods. A transformed agricultural and food system is thus a necessary condition for addressing this double-triple challenge. Additionally, post harvest and food waste and losses reduce the availability of sufficient quantities of safe, edible and preferable foods. At least one third of food produced at farm level is lost due to inappropriate storage, infrastructure and agro-processing technologies in developing countries; and one third of food purchased is wasted at household and retail level.

Author : Sándor Kukovics
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2022-11-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781803551265

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Animal Husbandry by Sándor Kukovics Pdf

This volume presents selected issues in the complex and diverse science of animal husbandry. The use of computer programs provides an opportunity to improve breeding and optimize farm management. At the same time, the use of traditional breeding methods is also of decisive importance. Knowledge of animal welfare and animal wellness is of great help in controlling animal health issues and in economic production. In the biological processes of reproduction of dairy cows, the events of the 100 days after calving are of fundamental importance. Production systems influence the process of product production, in which the relationship between animal products and human health goes far beyond animal husbandry, and to which the issue of greenhouse gases is also connected. The quality of manufactured meat products is influenced by both on-farm and off-farm factors, but good meat cannot be produced from low-quality animals, even with excellent slaughterhouse work. Background knowledge of animal health ‒ including the microbiome in the digestive tract, which makes use of the feed ‒ makes this activity more effective, which is of particular importance in the case of broiler chickens. Knowing the behavioural characteristics of animals (rams) enables better management. Many horse breeds are capable of artificial gaits as a result of breeding and selection processes. Comparative knowledge of the movements of these horse breeds also helps to understand their differences. The quality of life of animals and the quality of manufactured products are also affected by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the environment, which, being stored and enriched in fat-containing tissues, can also have adverse effects on the human consumer. Each topic presented not only offers specialist knowledge but makes interesting reading in its own right.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,Global Dairy Platform,International Farm Comparison Network
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 62 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2020-02-07
Category : Cooking
ISBN : 9789251321133

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Dairy's impact on reducing global hunger by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,Global Dairy Platform,International Farm Comparison Network Pdf

In 2015, the 193 Member States of the United Nations adopted the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to guide development actions of governments, international agencies, civil society and other institutions over the next 15 years (2016–2030). The SDGs aim to end poverty (SDG1) and hunger (SDG2) while restoring and sustainably managing natural resources. The number of people in the world suffering from hunger increased in 2014–2017, reversing the declining trend in undernourishment seen since 2005. In light of the renewed international commitment to reduce hunger, the potential of dairy development to contribute to poverty reduction and the potential of dairy nutrition in young children, the aim of this study is to collate and review available evidence for a causal relationship between: (i) milk / dairy consumption and (ii) ownership of dairy animals and reduced levels of child undernutrition (HAZ, stunting and WAZ, underweight) in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs).

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,United Nations Economic Commission for Africa,African Union Commission
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2021-06-29
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251344491

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Africa regional overview of food security and nutrition 2020 by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,United Nations Economic Commission for Africa,African Union Commission Pdf

Africa is not on track to meeting the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 targets to end hunger and ensure access by all people to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round and to end all forms of malnutrition. The number of hungry people on the continent has risen by 47.9 million since 2014 and now stands at 250.3 million, or nearly one-fifth of the population. The 2017, 2018 and 2019 editions of this report explain that this gradual deterioration of food security was due to conflict, weather extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns, often overlapping. A continued worsening of food security is expected also for 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to hunger, across all countries in Africa millions of people suffer from widespread micronutrient deficiencies, and overweight and obesity are emerging as significant health concerns in many countries. This report shows that the food system in Africa does not provide food at a cost that makes nutritious food affordable to a majority of the population, and this is reflected in the high disease burden associated with maternal and child malnutrition, high body-mass, micronutrient deficiencies and dietary risk factors. The report also shows that current food consumption patterns impose high health and environmental costs, which are not reflected in food prices. The findings presented in this report highlight the importance of prioritizing the transformation of food systems to ensure access to affordable and healthy diets for all, produced in a sustainable manner.

Author : Hirvonen, Kalle,Baye, Kaleab,Headey, Derek D.,Hoddinott, John F.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 21 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2020-10-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Value chains for nutritious food: Analysis of the egg value chain in the Tigray region of Ethiopia by Hirvonen, Kalle,Baye, Kaleab,Headey, Derek D.,Hoddinott, John F. Pdf

Eggs have high potential for improving nutrition outcomes in low-income countries, yet very few children in such settings consume eggs on a regular basis despite widespread poultry ownership. To redress this disconnect, a number of interventions have been implemented to improve household production of poultry products, as well as caregiver awareness of the nutritional benefits of eggs and other animal-sourced foods. However, very few of these interventions have tried to leverage food markets to improve nutrition, even though most rural people predominantly rely on markets for the majority of their non-staple food consumption. This study was implemented to better understand the constraints to purchasing eggs for consumption by young children in rural Ethiopia, with a view to informing the design of marketoriented interventions that might cost-effectively increase children’s egg consumption. To do so we analyzed secondary datasets on poultry ownership, household and child egg consumption, and retail egg prices to understand egg markets and the egg value chain in Tigray. Similar to other contexts in sub-Saharan Africa, we find that two-thirds of households own poultry, though only onequarter of young children consumed eggs in the past 24 hours. Although markets in Tigray are well integrated – likely because of the important role of egg aggregators – egg prices remain high. A modest consumption level of 2.5 eggs per person per week would cost around 10 percent of the total budget of households in the poorest quintile of households, even though eggs are more affordable than other animal-sourced foods. We find that egg consumption among young children is not constrained by fasting associated with Orthodox Christianity. High prices are likely the main constraint and are a function of low levels of intensification in egg production, which is dominated by backyard poultry systems characterized by high mortality rates and low productivity.

Author : Fan, Shenggen,Yosef, Sivan,Pandya-Lorch, Rajul
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 233 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2019-02-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781786399311

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Agriculture for improved nutrition: Seizing the momentum by Fan, Shenggen,Yosef, Sivan,Pandya-Lorch, Rajul Pdf

Agriculture's vast potential to improve nutrition is just beginning to be tapped. New ideas, research, and initiatives developed over the past decade have created an opportunity for reimagining and redesigning agricultural and food systems for the benefit of nutrition. To support this transformation, the book reviews the latest findings, results from on-the-ground programs and interventions, and recent policy experiences from countries around the world that are bringing the agriculture and nutrition sectors closer together. Drawing on IFPRI's own work and that of the growing agriculture-nutrition community, this book strengthens the evidence base for, and expands our vision of, how agriculture can contribute to nutrition. Chapters cover an array of issues that link agriculture and nutrition, including food value chains, nutrition-sensitive programs and policies, government policies, and private sector investments. By highlighting both achievements and setbacks, Agriculture for Improved Nutrition seeks to inspire those who want to scale up successes that can transform food systems and improve the nutrition of billions of people.

Author : Capstone 2025
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 16 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2019-10-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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IFPRI publications related to nutrition in Ethiopia by Capstone 2025 Pdf

The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) began research activities in Ethiopia in the 1980s to assess the root causes of drought-related food-production shortages and support adoption of appropriate policy responses. IFPRI’s rigorous empirical research contributed to a broader understanding of economic development processes in Ethiopia and built capacity to conduct such research on a national scale. Working with many long-standing partners, IFPRI evaluated strategies for achieving sustainable agricultural growth, investment in agricultural research, the provision of safety nets to strengthen resilience, prioritization of nutrition interventions for women and children, property rights, and management of natural resources, among other goals. Evidence from this and other work informed programs and initiatives to improve food and nutrition security for vulnerable people.

Author : Haile, Beliyou,Ru, Yating,Ahn, Hee Eun
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 43 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2021-11-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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What are the correlates of childhood undernutrition? An analysis of DHS data from Africa South of the Sahara by Haile, Beliyou,Ru, Yating,Ahn, Hee Eun Pdf

Despite progresses made over the last several decades, the prevalence of child malnutrition re-mains alarmingly high. About 149 million children under the age of five years old were stunted (too short for their age) in 2018, of which 55% and 39% lived in Asia and Africa, respectively. Malnourished children, especially stunted ones, may never achieve their full cognitive and non-cognitive potential with implications for their educational and labor market performance among other things. Malnutrition results from several interlinked factors operating at child, parental, household, and landscape level such as inadequate maternal nutrition before and during pregnancy and at the time of lactation, suboptimal breastfeeding practices, lack of nutritious complementary foods, and unhealthy living environments. This study analyzes the correlates of child undernutrition in rural Africa South of the Sahara (SSA) – a region with the least progress in tackling undernutrition.

Author : Derek Headey,William A Masters
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 46 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2019-10-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Agriculture and undernutrition through the lens of economics by Derek Headey,William A Masters Pdf

Agricultural development has historically focused on poverty reduction and food security but is now increasingly asked to help improve nutrition. Despite this strengthened nutritional mandate, agricultural policies and programs have struggled to develop effective, scalable and cost-effective approaches for reducing undernutrition. This study was therefore undertaken to assess more the more strategic issue of how to re-design agricultural development strategies for greater nutritional impact. To do so we review the literature on agriculture-nutrition linkages through an economic lens, focusing on systemic agriculture-nutrition linkages that go beyond the much-explored question of how a farm family’s agricultural activities affect their own household members’ food consumption or nutrition outcomes. To that end we structured this review around three types of linkages between agriculture and nutrition: (i) agricultural income effects (including income stability); (ii) relative food price determination (including the shadow prices involved in consuming one’s own production); and (iii) agricultural livelihood characteristics (encompassing the many neglected dimensions of agricultural activities and rural livelihoods that influence nutrition and health). For each of these literatures we reflect upon relevant economic theory, methodological challenges, and key empirical evidence. We conclude with a brief discussion of the implications of these findings for developing more nutrition-sensitive agricultural development strategies.

Author : S. Mahendra Dev,A. Ganesh-Kumar,Vijay Laxmi Pandey
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2023-09-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789819944132

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Achieving Zero Hunger in India by S. Mahendra Dev,A. Ganesh-Kumar,Vijay Laxmi Pandey Pdf

This open access volume discloses rich set of findings and policy recommendations for India towards achieving the SDG 2.1 target of zero hunger by 2030. Through its fourteen chapters, it takes an integrated approach by examining diverse aspects of food and nutrition security through multidisciplinary lens of Agricultural Economics, Nutrition, Crop Sciences, Anthropology and Law, while being rooted in economics. The chapters reflect this diversity in disciplines in terms of the questions posed, the data sets used, and the methodologies followed. Starting from the evolution of policy response for hunger and nutrition security, the book covers aspects such gender budgeting, dietary diversity, women’s empowerment, calorie intake norms, socio-legal aspects of right to health, subjective wellbeing, bio-fortification, crop insurance and food security linkages, interdependence of public distribution system (for food security) and employment guarantee schemes especially during COVID-19 pandemic, effects of dairy dietary supplements, and so on. With its rich discussions, the book is compelling for students, researchers, policy makers, development professionals and practitioners working in areas of food and nutrition security, SDGs, in particular SDG1, SDG2 and SDG5, and sustainable food systems.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ,World Food Programme ,World Health Organization ,United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund 
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2021-01-19
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9789251338537

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Asia and the Pacific Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition 2020 by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ,World Food Programme ,World Health Organization ,United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund  Pdf

The 2020 report on the State of Food Security and Nutrition in the Asia and Pacific region, provides an update on progress towards the 2030 targets (SDGs and WHA) at the regional and country level. Selected indicators look at undernourishment, food insecurity, childhood stunting, wasting and overweight, adult overweight, child minimum acceptable diet, exclusive and continued breastfeeding, and anaemia in women and children. While the region continues to work towards ending all forms of malnutrition and achieving Zero Hunger, progress on food security and nutrition has slowed, and the Asia and Pacific region is not on track to achieving 2030 targets. About 350.6 million people in the Asia and Pacific region are estimated to have been undernourished in 2019, about 51 percent of the global total. An estimated 74.5 million children under five years of age were stunted and a total of 31.5 million were wasted in the Asia and Pacific region. The majority of these children in the region live in Southern Asia with 55.9 million stunted and 25.2 million wasted children. Estimates predict a 14.3 percent increase in the prevalence of moderate or severe wasting among children under 5 years of age, equal to an additional 6.7 million children, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. With basic food prices and disposable incomes influencing household decisions on food and dietary intake, they are critical to improve food security and nutrition in the region. However, in the Asia and Pacific region, 1.9 billion people are unable to afford a healthy diet, driven by high prices of fruits, vegetables and dairy products, making it impossible for the poor to achieve healthy diets.In Part 2, the 2020 report promotes a systems approach to healthy maternal and child diets, involving and coordinating institutions and actors in the Food, Water and Sanitation, Health, Social Protection and Education systems, to collectively create the enabling environment for healthy diets. Integration of healthy diets and nutrition-focused Social Behavior Change Communication (SBCC) mainstreamed throughout these systems will lead to greater uptake and sustainability of healthy behaviours and caregiver’s knowledge.

Author : Leonardo A. Villalón
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 816 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2021-10-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780192548917

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The Oxford Handbook of the African Sahel by Leonardo A. Villalón Pdf

Long on the margins of both scholarly and policy concerns, the countries of the West African Sahel have recently attracted world attention, primarily as a key battleground in the global 'war on terror'. This book moves beyond this narrow focus, providing a multidimensional and interdisciplinary assessment of the region in all of its complexity. The focus is on the six countries at the heart of the Sahelian geographic space: Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Chad. Collectively, the chapters explore the commonalities and interconnections that link these countries and their fates, while also underscoring their diversity and the variations in their current realities. The Sahel today is at an important crossroads, under multiple pressures of diverse kinds: environmental, political, demographic, and economic, as well as rapidly changing social and religious dynamics. It is also marked by striking dynamism and experimentation, drawing on a long history of innovation and cultural transfer. In many ways the Sahel is today on the cutting edge of grand natural experiments exploring how humans will adapt to climate change, to technological innovation, to the global movement of populations and the restructuring of world politics, to urbanization, social change, and rapid demographic growth, and to inter-religious contact. The region is a weathervane on the front lines of the forces of global change. In nine thematic sections, the chapters in this book offer holistic analyses of the key forces shaping the region. Including scholars based in Africa, Europe, and the United States, the authors represent an exceptional breadth and depth of expertise on the Sahel.

Author : Hirvonen, Kalle,Habte, Yetmwork,Mohammed, Belay,Tamru, Seneshaw,Abate, Gashaw Tadesse,Minten, Bart
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 58 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2021-11-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Dairy value chains during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia: Evidence from cascading value chain surveys before and during the pandemic by Hirvonen, Kalle,Habte, Yetmwork,Mohammed, Belay,Tamru, Seneshaw,Abate, Gashaw Tadesse,Minten, Bart Pdf

We combine in-person survey data collected in February 2018 with phone survey data collected in June and September 2021 to study how dairy value chains in Ethiopia have coped with the COVID-19 pandemic. Focusing on the major dairy value chain connecting farmers in North and West Shewa as well as peri-urban and urban producers in and around Addis Ababa to consumers in Addis Ababa, we applied a cascading survey approach in which we collected data at all levels of the value chain: dairy farmers, rural wholesalers, and urban retailers.