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Arab Spring and Its Legacies by Mujib Alam,Sujata Ashwarya Pdf
The essays in this edited volume seek to understand the regional and international ramifications of the wave of protest demonstrations that swept across West Asia and North Africa in the early 2010s, both on the ground and online. Dissatisfaction with political repression and corruption, economic difficulties and inequities, and a desire for freedom and democracy all played a role in the Arab Spring uprisings. It deposed long-standing dictatorships, ushering in a period of insecurity and instability that would have long-term consequences for the region's political economy and international relations. Although the protests have ended, the legacy of that turbulent era will live on, most notably in the acceleration of regional change and transformation. Print edition not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Bhutan)
Armies and Insurgencies in the Arab Spring by Holger Albrecht,Aurel Croissant,Fred H. Lawson Pdf
Following the popular uprisings that swept across the Arab world beginning in 2010, armed forces remained pivotal actors in politics throughout the region. As demonstrators started to challenge entrenched autocratic rulers in Tunis, Cairo, Sana'a, and Manama, the militaries stormed back into the limelight and largely determined whether any given ruler survived the protests. In Tunisia, Egypt, and Yemen, senior officers pulled away from their presidents, while in Algeria, Bahrain, and Syria, they did not. More important, military officers took command in shaping the new order and conflict trajectories throughout that region. Armies and Insurgencies in the Arab Spring explores the central problems surrounding the role of armed forces in the contemporary Arab world. How and why do military apparatuses actively intervene in politics? What explains the fact that in some countries, military officers and rank-and-file take steps to defend an incumbent, while in others they defect and refrain from suppressing popular protest? What are the institutional legacies of the military's engagement during, and in the immediate aftermath of, mass uprisings? Focusing on these questions, editors Holger Albrecht, Aurel Croissant, and Fred H. Lawson have organized Armies and Insurgencies in the Arab Spring into three sections. The first employs case studies to make comparisons within and between regions; the second examines military engagements in the Arab uprisings in Yemen, Bahrain, and Syria; and the third looks at political developments following the cresting of the protest wave in Egypt, Tunisia, Libya, and the Gulf. The collection promotes better understanding not only of the particular history of military engagement in the Arab Spring but also of significant aspects of the transformation of political-military relations in other regions of the contemporary world. Contributors: Holger Albrecht, Risa A. Brooks, Cherine Chams El-Dine, Virginie Collombier, Aurel Croissant, Philippe Droz-Vincent, Kevin Koehler, Fred H. Lawson, Shana Marshall, Dorothy Ohl, David Pion-Berlin, Tobias Selge, Robert Springborg.
The Arab Dictatorships by Roberto Miguel Rodriguez Pdf
In "The Arab Dictatorships - The Unfinished Work of the Arab Spring," he author meticulously examines the intricate dynamics that led to the rise, resilience, and in some cases, fall of autocratic regimes across the Arab world. With a blend of rigorous research and personal narratives, the author presents an unparalleled analysis of the region's political landscape before, during, and after the historic wave of uprisings known as the Arab Spring. The book kicks off with a panoramic view of the Middle East's sociopolitical tapestry prior to 2010, elucidating the confluence of factors that allowed autocrats to consolidate power. From economic strategies and patronage networks to religious discourse and control over military apparatuses, the author delves into the machinery of repression that kept these regimes intact. The heart of the book focuses on the eruptions of 2011, capturing the aspirations, chants, and fervor of the Arab streets. Each chapter zooms in on a particular nation, tracing the trajectory of its revolt and the subsequent responses of its rulers. The author pays special attention to the varied outcomes of these uprisings: while some nations saw the ouster of long-time dictators, others plunged into civil wars, and still, others saw the old guards reassert their dominance. Intertwined in this macro analysis are the micro tales of activists, dissidents, and everyday citizens. Their stories offer a human dimension, emphasizing the personal costs, hopes, and disillusionments of those who dared to dream of a different Arab world. The latter sections grapple with the aftermath of the Arab Spring. How did some dictatorships manage to weather the storm and even strengthen their grips? Why did democratic aspirations in certain countries give way to chaos or renewed authoritarianism? And crucially, what are the lingering legacies of the Arab Spring and the unfinished work it left behind? Drawing from a wide range of sources, including classified documents, oral histories, and personal observations, "The Arab Dictatorships" not only offers a scholarly analysis but also serves as a testament to the indomitable spirit of those who strive for freedom against all odds. It's a compelling read for historians, policymakers, and anyone seeking to understand the complexities of the Middle East's contemporary political landscape.
The Arab Spring by David W. Lesch,Mark L. Haas Pdf
The Arab Spring unexpectedly developed in late 2010 with peaceful protests in a number of Arab countries against long-standing, entrenched regimes, and rapid political change across the region ensued. The Arab Spring: Change and Resistance in the Middle East examines these revolutions and their aftermath. Noted authorities writing specifically for this volume contribute chapters focusing on countries directly or indirectly involved, illuminating the immediate and long-term impacts of the revolutions in the region and throughout the world. A thoughtful concluding chapter ties together key themes, while also delineating persistent myths and misinterpretations. This is an essential volume for students and scholars of the Middle East, as well as anyone seeking a fuller understanding of region and what may lie ahead.
Why do some militaries support and others thwart transitions to democracy? After the Arab Spring revolutions, why did Egypt's military stage a coup to end the transition? Conversely, why did Tunisia's military initially support the transition, only to later facilitate the elected president's dismantling of democracy? In Soldiers of Democracy? Military Legacies and the Arab Spring, Sharan Grewal argues that a military's behavior under democracy is shaped by how it had been treated under autocracy. Autocrats who had empowered their militaries produce soldiers who will repress protests and stage coups to preserve their privileges. Meanwhile, autocrats who had marginalized their militaries produce soldiers who support democratization, but who are also more susceptible to incumbent takeovers and civil wars. The dictator's choice to either empower or marginalize the military thus creates legacies that shape both the likelihood of democratization and the forms by which it breaks down. Drawing on over 140 interviews with civilian and military leaders, and three surveys of military personnel, this scholarly volume illustrates this theory through detailed case studies of Egypt and Tunisia. Grewal also probes the generalizability of the theory through a cross-national analysis of all countries between 1946-2010. Overall, he brings the military front and center to the study of democratic transition and consolidation.
It has been more a decade since people across the Arab world rose up in revolt against their governments, demanding political empowerment, social reform and economic improvement. Pro-democracy protests, as they were called in common parlance, which spread rapidly through the mobilisation of social media calls, ended up overthrowing long-standing authoritarian regimes in Tunisia, Egypt, Yemen and Libya. That gave rise to hope for a more representative future, a.
A historical account of the Arab Spring, including the events leading up to the string of protests, the people involved, the conditions of political instability, and the lingering aftermath.
From the First World War to the Arab Spring by M. E. McMillan Pdf
Offering a comprehensive, up-to-date examination of the complex web of wars and proxy wars, revolutions and counter-revolutions that are ripping the Middle East apart, this book puts these events in their historical context and leads readers through the labyrinth that is the new Middle East. This book seeks answers to pressing, contentious questions. Why are there so many hereditary heads of state in the Middle East when the Prophet Muhammad did not appoint a successor? Why do Western countries claim to want democracy in the Middle East, yet support dictators? Why did Israel become a democracy while the Arab states did not? Why are there so many wars in the Middle East? And, most importantly, what happened to the hope and optimism of the Arab Spring? M.E. McMillan offers fresh answers to these difficult questions. Firmly grounded in historical research and insightful analysis of current events, this book gives readers a new understanding of what’s really going on in the Middle East.
The Arab Spring occurred within the context of the unravelling of the dominant 'ruling bargain' that emerged across the Middle East in the 1950s. This is being replaced by a new and in- choate system that redefines sources of authority and legitimacy through various devices (such as constitutions), experiences, and processes (mass protests, civil wars, and elections), by reassessing the roles, functions, and at times the structures of institutions (political parties and organisations, the armed forces, the executive); and by the initiative of key personalities and actors (agency). Across the Arab world and the Middle East, 'authority' and 'political legitimacy' are in flux. Where power will ultimately reside depends largely on the shape, voracity, and staying power of these new, emerging conceptions of authority. The contributors to this book examine the nature and evolution of ruling bargains, the political systems to which they gave rise, the steady unravelling of the old systems and the structural consequences thereof, and the uprisings that have engulfed much of the Middle East since December 2010.
Dispatches from the Arab Spring by Paul Edouard Amar,Vijay Prashad Pdf
Bringing together contributors uniquely attuned to the pulse of the region, Dispatches from the Arab Spring offers an urgent analysis of a remarkable ongoing world-historical event that is widely misinterpreted in the West. An unparalleled introduction to the changing Middle East, it offers the most comprehensive and accurate account of the uprisings that profoundly reshaped North Africa and the Middle East.
The Grand Chatrang Game by Kuanysh-Beck Sazanov Pdf
This book presents a completely new look at the fundamentals of global geopolitical architecture and the sources of international conflicts. This research extends the scope of geopolitical analysis to encompass the entire globe through a comparative historical analysis of major religious, cultural, and civilizational aspects of development of different regions of the world, which are responsible for development of a system of political legacies peculiar to each of them. The book attempts to find the deep-rooted sources of the long-lasting international conflicts, where each of them has the potential to grow into full-fledged global war. In addition, it proposes a multipolar structure of the new global geopolitical order, which is more coherent with the true nature of different and very versatile societies of the world.
Tunisia and Egypt after the Arab Spring by Valeria Resta Pdf
This book examines the processes of transition from authoritarian rule in Tunisia and Egypt between 2011 and 2014, arguing that differences between the two countries can be explained by the conduct of their respective political parties. Drawing on a new conceptualization of political parties’ agency that considers their unique nature as intermediate and intermediary institutions, the book allows for the identification of those factors driving political parties’ choices in processes of transition. Moreover, thanks to the employment of quantitative text analysis on the electoral manifestos of the parties involved, this work presents new data for the study of party systems in Tunisia and Egypt. Presenting a new toolkit for analysis, Tunisia and Egypt after the Arab Spring ultimately reveals how differing legacies of authoritarian repression across the two countries can help explain why the Tunisian transition culminated with the 2014 democratic constitution, and the Egyptian transition with the 2013 military coup. Conceptually, the book will appeal to those working in comparative politics and those interested in processes of democratization and authoritarian resilience. Nonetheless, the focus on Tunisia and Egypt makes the book suitable reading for anyone interested in Arab politics and the MENA region generally.
