Are Cash Transfers Made To Women Spent Like Other Sources Of Income

Author : Norbert Rüdiger Schady,José Luis Rosero
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Communities and Human Settlements
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

Get Book

Are Cash Transfers Made to Women Spent Like Other Sources of Income? by Norbert Rüdiger Schady,José Luis Rosero Pdf

How cash transfers made to women are used has important implications for models of household behavior and for the design of social programs. In this paper, the authors use the randomized introduction of an unconditional cash transfer to poor women in rural Ecuador to analyze the effect of transfers on the food Engel curve. There are two main findings. First, the authors show that households randomly assigned to receive Bono de Desarrollo Humano (BDH) transfers have a significantly higher food share in expenditures than those that were randomly assigned to the control group. Second, they show that the rising food share among BDH beneficiaries is found among households that have both adult males and females, but not among households that only have adult females. Bargaining power between men and women is likely to be important in mixed-adult households, but not among female-only households, where there are no men to bargain with. Finally, the authors show that within mixed-adult households, program effects are only significant in households in which the initial bargaining capacity of women was likely to be weak. This pattern of results is consistent with an increase in the bargaining power of women in households that received BDH transfers.

Author : Norbert Schady
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1290703431

Get Book

Are Cash Transfers Made to Women Spent Like Other Sources of Income? by Norbert Schady Pdf

How cash transfers made to women are used has important implications for models of household behavior and for the design of social programs. In this paper, the authors use the randomized introduction of an unconditional cash transfer to poor women in rural Ecuador to analyze the effect of transfers on the food Engel curve. There are two main findings. First, the authors show that households randomly assigned to receive Bono de Desarrollo Humano (BDH) transfers have a significantly higher food share inexpenditures than those that were randomly assigned to the control group. Second, they show that the rising food share among BDH beneficiaries is found among households that have both adult males and females, but not among households that only have adult females. Bargaining power between men and women is likely to be important in mixed-adult households, but not among female-only households, where there are no men to bargain with. Finally, the authors show that within mixed-adult households, program effects are only significant in households in which the initial bargaining capacity of women was likely to be weak. This pattern of results is consistent with an increase in the bargaining power of women in households that received BDH transfers.

Author : Norbert Rüdiger Schady,José Luis Rosero
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

Get Book

Are Cash Transfers Made to Women Spent Like Other Sources of Income? by Norbert Rüdiger Schady,José Luis Rosero Pdf

How cash transfers made to women are used has important implications for models of household behavior and for the design of social programs. In this paper, the authors use the randomized introduction of an unconditional cash transfer to poor women in rural Ecuador to analyze the effect of transfers on the food Engel curve. There are two main findings. First, the authors show that households randomly assigned to receive Bono de Desarrollo Humano (BDH) transfers have a significantly higher food share in expenditures than those that were randomly assigned to the control group. Second, they show that the rising food share among BDH beneficiaries is found among households that have both adult males and females, but not among households that only have adult females. Bargaining power between men and women is likely to be important in mixed-adult households, but not among female-only households, where there are no men to bargain with. Finally, the authors show that within mixed-adult households, program effects are only significant in households in which the initial bargaining capacity of women was likely to be weak. This pattern of results is consistent with an increase in the bargaining power of women in households that received BDH transfers.

Author : Ariel Fiszbein,Norbert R. Schady
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 346 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2009-02-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821373536

Get Book

Conditional Cash Transfers by Ariel Fiszbein,Norbert R. Schady Pdf

Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs aim to reduce poverty by making welfare programs conditional upon the receivers' actions. That is, the government only transfers the money to persons who meet certain criteria. These criteria may include enrolling children into public schools, getting regular check-ups at the doctor's office, receiving vaccinations, or the like. They have been hailed as a way of reducing inequality and helping households break out of a vicious cycle whereby poverty is transmitted from one generation to another. Do these and other claims make sense? Are they supported by the available empirical evidence? This volume seeks to answer these and other related questions. Specifically, it lays out a conceptual framework for thinking about the economic rationale for CCTs; it reviews the very rich evidence that has accumulated on CCTs; it discusses how the conceptual framework and the evidence on impacts should inform the design of CCT programs in practice; and it discusses how CCTs fit in the context of broader social policies. The authors show that there is considerable evidence that CCTs have improved the lives of poor people and argue that conditional cash transfers have been an effective way of redistributing income to the poor. They also recognize that even the best-designed and managed CCT cannot fulfill all of the needs of a comprehensive social protection system. They therefore need to be complemented with other interventions, such as workfare or employment programs, and social pensions.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821374061

Get Book

The World Bank Research Program, 2005-2007 by Anonim Pdf

This pocket-sized reference on key environmental data for over 200 countries includes key indicators on agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, energy, emission and pollution, and water and sanitation. The volume helps establish a sound base of information to help set priorities and measure progress toward environmental sustainability goals.

Author : Paul Revill,Marc Suhrcke,Rodrigo Moreno-serra,Mark Sculpher
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 378 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2020-05-21
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789813272385

Get Book

Global Health Economics: Shaping Health Policy In Low- And Middle-income Countries by Paul Revill,Marc Suhrcke,Rodrigo Moreno-serra,Mark Sculpher Pdf

This book contains a collection of works showcasing the latest research into global health economics conducted by leading experts in the field from the Centre for Health Economics (CHE) at the University of York and other partner research institutions. Each chapter focuses upon an important topic in global health economics and a number of separate research projects. The discussion delves into health care policy evaluation; economic evaluation; econometric and other analytic methods; health equity and universal health coverage; consideration of cost-effectiveness thresholds and opportunity costs in the health sector; health system challenges and possible solutions; and others. Case study examples from a variety of low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) settings are also showcased in the final part of this volume.The research presented seeks to contribute toward increasing understanding on how health policy can be enhanced to improve the welfare of LMIC populations. It is strongly recommended for public health policymakers and analysts in low- and middle-income country settings and those affiliated to international health organizations and donor organizations.

Author : Calogero Carletto,Benjamin Davis,Paul Winters
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 189 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2020-08-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781000155167

Get Book

Migration, Transfers and Economic Decision Making among Agricultural Households by Calogero Carletto,Benjamin Davis,Paul Winters Pdf

The increasing volume of remittances and public transfers in rural areas of the developing world has raised hopes that these cash inflows may serve as an effective mechanism for reducing poverty in the long term by facilitating investments and raising productivity, particularly in agriculture where market failures are most manifest. This book systematically tests the empirical relationship between cash transfers and productive spending in agriculture amongst rural households in six different countries of the developing world. Together, the studies point to little impact of migration and public and private transfers on agricultural productivity, instead facilitating a transition away from agriculture or to a less labour intensive type of agriculture. From a policy perspective the studies raise the question of how to maintain rural economies, as migration and social assistance are unlikely to provide a sustainable way to overcome rural poverty in the long run for those that remain in rural areas. For the foreseeable future, agriculture will play an important role in alleviating poverty and sustaining growth in rural areas. Yet, public and private transfers are not providing much of the impetus needed to raise the sector’s productivity. Whether the transfers are invested in agriculture will ultimately depend on the attractiveness of the sector, which is largely determined by the policies of governments and donors. This book was published as a special issue of the Journal of Development Studies.

Author : Balana, Bedru,Adeyanju, Dolapo,Clingain, Clare,Andam, Kwaw S.,de Brauw, Alan,Yohanna, Ishaku,Olarewaju, Olukunbi,Schneider, Molly
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2023-07-18
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

Get Book

Anticipatory cash transfers for climate resilience: Findings from a randomized experiment in northeast Nigeria by Balana, Bedru,Adeyanju, Dolapo,Clingain, Clare,Andam, Kwaw S.,de Brauw, Alan,Yohanna, Ishaku,Olarewaju, Olukunbi,Schneider, Molly Pdf

This paper presents the findings from an experimental study designed to assess the impacts of one-time large lump sum cash transfers on welfare and coping strategies of smallholders in climate-risk and conflict-affected communities in northeast Nigeria. This pilot intervention was supported by Google.org and implemented by the International Rescue Committee (IRC). The central hypothesis of the intervention is that when climate vulnerable communities have timely access to information and the financial and social resources to act upon that information, they will avoid negative coping strategies and build more diversified and climate resilient livelihoods. The project transferred a lump sum of cash to a treatment group of randomly sampled households when triggered by the climate data risk thresholds. An equal number of comparable households in a control group received the same amount of cash post flooding shock. The main purpose of the study was to assess the impacts of anticipatory cash against the traditional humanitarian post-shocks supporting mechanism. We collected baseline and endline data from a sample of 1450 experimental households (725 ‘treatment’ and 725 ‘control’) and analyzed the data using econometric models. Several outcome indicators including food security, climate adaptive and resilience actions, and wellbeing measures were used to assess the intervention. The results indicate that anticipatory cash has significant impacts on reducing negative coping strategies, increasing the number of pre-emptive climate adaptive actions, and increasing investment in productive assets that could enhance future resilience. On other hand, anticipatory cash transfers do not seem to have significant impacts on short-term food and non-food consumption expenditures compared to post-shock cash transfers. Our findings indicate that one-time large sum anticipatory transfer could lead households to build their climate resilience capacity, and hence a promising intervention to reduce the vulnerability of households to future climate shocks. Based on the findings we have two key recommendations: (1) Given the generally positive findings on household’s welfare and climate resilience capacity, we suggest humanitarian agencies and governments to consider anticipatory interventions (such as pre-shock cash transfers) as a mechanism for both meeting basic needs and improving climate resilience of households provided that quality data and analytics exist to predict a high probability of climate shocks. (2) As climate shocks continue to worsen and humanitarian funding needs remain unmet for both emergencies and early recovery, anticipatory approach may be critical to meeting the short- and long-term needs of climate and conflict-affected households.

Author : Julie Schaffner
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 695 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2013-10-07
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780470599396

Get Book

Development Economics by Julie Schaffner Pdf

Development Economics: Theory, Empirical Research, and Policy Analysis by Julie Schaffner teaches students to think about development in a way that is disciplined by economic theory, informed by cutting-edge empirical research, and connected in a practical way to contemporary development efforts. It lays out a framework for the study of developing economies that is built on microeconomic foundations and that highlights the importance in development studies of transaction and transportation costs, risk, information problems, institutional rules and norms, and insights from behavioral economics. It then presents a systematic approach to policy analysis and applies the approach to policies from around the world, in the areas of targeted transfers, workfare, agricultural markets, infrastructure, education, agricultural technology, microfinance, and health.

Author : Christopher B. Barrett,Michael Carter,Jean-Paul Chavas,Michael R. Carter
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 464 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2019-01-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780226574448

Get Book

The Economics of Poverty Traps by Christopher B. Barrett,Michael Carter,Jean-Paul Chavas,Michael R. Carter Pdf

What circumstances or behaviors turn poverty into a cycle that perpetuates across generations? The answer to this question carries especially important implications for the design and evaluation of policies and projects intended to reduce poverty. Yet a major challenge analysts and policymakers face in understanding poverty traps is the sheer number of mechanisms—not just financial, but also environmental, physical, and psychological—that may contribute to the persistence of poverty all over the world. The research in this volume explores the hypothesis that poverty is self-reinforcing because the equilibrium behaviors of the poor perpetuate low standards of living. Contributions explore the dynamic, complex processes by which households accumulate assets and increase their productivity and earnings potential, as well as the conditions under which some individuals, groups, and economies struggle to escape poverty. Investigating the full range of phenomena that combine to generate poverty traps—gleaned from behavioral, health, and resource economics as well as the sociology, psychology, and environmental literatures—chapters in this volume also present new evidence that highlights both the insights and the limits of a poverty trap lens. The framework introduced in this volume provides a robust platform for studying well-being dynamics in developing economies.

Author : Armando Barrientos
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2024-05-22
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783031497957

Get Book

Social Protection in Latin America by Armando Barrientos Pdf

Author : Harold Alderman,Ugo Gentilini,Ruslan Yemtsov
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2017-10-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464810886

Get Book

The 1.5 Billion People Question by Harold Alderman,Ugo Gentilini,Ruslan Yemtsov Pdf

Most of the people in low and middle-income countries covered by social protection receive assistance in the form of in-kind food. The origin of such support is rooted in countries’ historical pursuit of three interconnected objectives, namely attaining self-sufficiency in food, managing domestic food prices, and providing income support to the poor. This volume sheds light on the complex, bumpy and non-linear process of how some flagship food-based social protection programs have evolved over time, and how they currently work. In particular, it lays out the broad trends in reforms, including a growing move from in-kind modalities to cash transfers, from universality to targeting, and from agriculture to social protection. Case studies from Egypt, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Sri Lanka, and United States document the specific experiences of managing the process of reform and implementation, including enhancing our understanding of the opportunities and challenges with different social protection transfer modalities.

Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 459 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2011-09-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780821388129

Get Book

World Development Report 2012 by World Bank Pdf

This year's World Development Report looks at facts and trends regarding the various dimensions of gender equality in the context of the development process.

Author : The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World BankThe International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
Publisher : The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
Page : 456 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2011-09-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

Get Book

World Development Report 2012 by The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World BankThe International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank Pdf

The lives of women around the world have improved dramatically, at a pace and scope difficult to imagine even 25 years ago. Women have made unprecedented gains in rights, education, health, and access to jobs and livelihoods. More countries than ever guarantee equal rights in property, marriage, and other domains. Gendergaps in primary schooling have closed in many countries, while in a third of all countries girls now outnumber boys in secondary school. And more young women than men attend universities in 60 countries. Women are using their education to participate more in the labor force: they now make up for 40 percent of the global labor force and 43 percent of its farmers. Moreover, women now live longer than men in every region of the world. Despite the progress, gaps remain in many areas. Women are more likely to die—relative to males—in many low- and middle-income countries than their counterparts in rich countries,especially in childhood and during their reproductive years. Primary and secondary school enrollments for girls remain much lower than for boys in many Sub-Saharan African countries and some parts of South Asia, as well as among disadvantaged populations. Women are more likely than men to work as unpaid family laborers or in the informal sector, to farm smaller plots and grow less profitable crops, operate in smaller firms and less profi table sectors, and generally earn less. Women—especially poor women—have less say over decisions and less control over household resources. And in most countries, fewer women participate in formal politics than men and are underrepresented in the upper echelons. The World Development Report 2012: Gender Equality and Development argues that closing these persistent gender gaps matters. It matters because gender equality is a core development objective in its own right. But it is also smart economics. Greater gender equality can enhance productivity, improve development outcomes for the next generation, and make institutions more representative. Building on a growing body of knowledge on the economics of gender equality and development, the Report identifies the areas where gender gaps are most significant—both intrinsically and in terms of their potential development payoff—and where growth alone cannot solve the issues. It then sets forth four priorities for public action: Reducing excess female mortality and closing education gaps where they remain Improving access to economic opportunities for women Increasing women’s voice and agency in the household and in society Limiting the reproduction of gender inequality across generations.

Author : Sebastian Edwards,Simon Johnson,David N. Weil
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2016-09-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780226316192

Get Book

African Successes, Volume II by Sebastian Edwards,Simon Johnson,David N. Weil Pdf

Studies of African economic development frequently focus on the daunting challenges the continent faces. From recurrent crises to ethnic conflicts and long-standing corruption, a raft of deep-rooted problems has led many to regard the continent as facing many hurdles to raise living standards. Yet Africa has made considerable progress in the past decade, with a GDP growth rate exceeding five percent in some regions. The African Successes series looks at recent improvements in living standards and other measures of development in many African countries with an eye toward identifying what shaped them and the extent to which lessons learned are transferable and can guide policy in other nations and at the international level. The second volume in the series, African Successes: Human Capital turns the focus toward Africa’s human capital deficit, measured in terms of health and schooling. It offers a close look at the continent’s biggest challenges, including tropical disease and the spread of HIV.