Assessment And Mitigation Of Asteroid Impact Hazards

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Assessment and Mitigation of Asteroid Impact Hazards

Josep M. Trigo-Rodríguez,Maria Gritsevich,Herbert Palme
Assessment and Mitigation of Asteroid Impact Hazards Book PDF

Author : Josep M. Trigo-Rodríguez,Maria Gritsevich,Herbert Palme
Publisher : Springer
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2016-12-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319461793

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Assessment and Mitigation of Asteroid Impact Hazards by Josep M. Trigo-Rodríguez,Maria Gritsevich,Herbert Palme Pdf

This volume is a compilation of the research presented at the International Asteroid Day workshop which was celebrated at Barcelona on June 30th, 2015. The proceedings discuss the beginning of a new era in the study and exploration of the solar system’s minor bodies. International Asteroid Day commemorates the Tunguska event of June 30th, 1908. The workshop’s goal was to promote the importance of dealing proactively with impact hazards from space. Multidisciplinary experts contributed to this discussion by describing the nature of comets and asteroids along with their offspring, meteoroids. New missions to return material samples of asteroids back to Earth such as Osiris-REx and Hayabusa 2, as well as projects like AIM and DART which will test impact deflection techniques for Potentially Hazardous Asteroids encounters were also covered. The proceedings include both an outreach level to popularize impact hazards and a scientific character which covers the latest knowledge on these topics, as well as offering proposals of promising new techniques that will help gain new insights of the properties of these challenging bodies by studying meteoroids and meteorites. Asteroids, comets, meteoroids and meteorites are introduced with descriptions of their nature, origin, and solar system pathways.

Mitigation of Hazardous Comets and Asteroids

M. J. S. Belton
Mitigation of Hazardous Comets and Asteroids Book PDF

Author : M. J. S. Belton
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2004-09-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 0521827647

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Mitigation of Hazardous Comets and Asteroids by M. J. S. Belton Pdf

It is known that large asteroids and comets can collide with the Earth with severe consequences. Although the chances of a collision in a person's lifetime are small, collisions are a random process and could occur at any time. This book collects the latest thoughts and ideas of scientists concerned with mitigating the threat of hazardous asteroids and comets. It reviews current knowledge of the population of potential colliders, including their numbers, locations, orbits, and how warning times might be improved. The structural properties and composition of their interiors and surfaces are reviewed, and their orbital response to the application of pulses of energy is discussed. Difficulties of operating in space near, or on the surface of, very low mass objects are examined. The book concludes with a discussion of the problems faced in communicating the nature of the impact hazard to the public.

Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies

National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board,Space Studies Board,Committee to Review Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies
Near Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board,Space Studies Board,Committee to Review Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2010-01-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309143615

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Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board,Space Studies Board,Committee to Review Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies Pdf

The United States is currently the only country with an active, government-sponsored effort to detect and track potentially hazardous near-Earth objects (NEOs). Congress has mandated that NASA detect and track 90 percent of NEOs that are 1 kilometer in diameter or larger. These objects represent a great potential hazard to life on Earth and could cause global destruction. NASA is close to accomplishing this goal. Congress has more recently mandated that by 2020 NASA should detect and track 90 percent of NEOs that are 140 meters in diameter or larger, a category of objects that is generally recognized to represent a very significant threat to life on Earth if they strike in or near urban areas. Achieving this goal may require the building of one or more additional observatories, possibly including a space-based observatory. Congress directed NASA to ask the National Research Council to review NASA's near-Earth object programs. This interim report addresses some of the issues associated with the survey and detection of NEOs. The final report will contain findings and recommendations for survey and detection, characterization, and mitigation of near-Earth objects based on an integrated assessment of the problem.

Defending Planet Earth

National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board,Space Studies Board,Committee to Review Near-Earth-Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies
Defending Planet Earth Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board,Space Studies Board,Committee to Review Near-Earth-Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 153 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2010-06-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309157216

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Defending Planet Earth by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board,Space Studies Board,Committee to Review Near-Earth-Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies Pdf

The United States spends approximately $4 million each year searching for near-Earth objects (NEOs). The objective is to detect those that may collide with Earth. The majority of this funding supports the operation of several observatories that scan the sky searching for NEOs. This, however, is insufficient in detecting the majority of NEOs that may present a tangible threat to humanity. A significantly smaller amount of funding supports ways to protect the Earth from such a potential collision or "mitigation." In 2005, a Congressional mandate called for NASA to detect 90 percent of NEOs with diameters of 140 meters of greater by 2020. Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies identifies the need for detection of objects as small as 30 to 50 meters as these can be highly destructive. The book explores four main types of mitigation including civil defense, "slow push" or "pull" methods, kinetic impactors and nuclear explosions. It also asserts that responding effectively to hazards posed by NEOs requires national and international cooperation. Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies is a useful guide for scientists, astronomers, policy makers and engineers.

Asteroid Impact Risk

Josep M. Trigo-Rodríguez
Asteroid Impact Risk Book PDF

Author : Josep M. Trigo-Rodríguez
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 137 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2022-03-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030951245

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Asteroid Impact Risk by Josep M. Trigo-Rodríguez Pdf

This book describes the complexity of impact hazards associated with asteroids and comets. The challenge in this regard lies in the heterogeneous nature of these bodies that endanger our planet, which is why we are conducting new experiments to better understand their unique physicochemical properties. Several generations of astronomers have tracked and mapped the orbits of asteroids and comets over the past few centuries, and telescopic surveys have only begun to discover “new” interstellar objects. In addition, cutting-edge software allow our computers to combine the orbits of these elusive bodies to study how they evolve over time and seek to match asteroid complexes as fragments of asteroidal and cometary disruptions. Impact hazards represent one of the greatest threats to the survival of human beings in the medium term. Geological studies show that the stratigraphic record holds clear geological evidence of these rare but transcendental encounters in the history of life on our planet. The study and quantification of past catastrophes can give us clues to face future challenges in the form of potential impacts. Further, it would be illogical to assume that Earth’s interaction with space is limited to major impacts. Every night, Earth is struck by millions of particles, and dozens of meteor showers occur around the globe every year. The study of lake and ocean sediments reveals the magnitude of the continuous contribution of interplanetary matter reaching Earth: roughly 100,000 tons per year. Accordingly, the goal of this book is to underscore the need for society-wide awareness of the dangers associated with asteroid and comet impacts, on the basis of scientific evidence and with no intention of sparking alarmism. After all, we ourselves may only be the fruit of an opportunity given to mammals sixty-five million years ago to evolve after the conflagration that would be the downfall of the dinosaurs. If we have learned to read Earth’s geological history, we should consider ourselves a very fortunate species, and its teachings should equip us to face this problem. The also book emphasizes the role of space missions to gain insights on these bodies, particularly describing the relevance of the DART (NASA) and Hera (ESA) missions to deflect and study Dimorphos, respectively, the small satellite of the Didymos binary asteroid.

Handbook of Cosmic Hazards and Planetary Defense

Joseph N. Pelton,Firooz Allahdadi
Handbook of Cosmic Hazards and Planetary Defense Book PDF

Author : Joseph N. Pelton,Firooz Allahdadi
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2015-04-27
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3319039512

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Handbook of Cosmic Hazards and Planetary Defense by Joseph N. Pelton,Firooz Allahdadi Pdf

Covers in a comprehensive fashion all aspects of cosmic hazards and possible strategies for contending with these threats through a comprehensive planetary defense strategy. This handbook brings together in a single reference work a rich blend of information about the various types of cosmic threats that are posed to human civilization by asteroids, comets, bolides, meteors, solar flares and coronal mass ejections, cosmic radiation and other types of threats that are only recently beginning to be understood and studied, such as investigation of the “cracks” in the protective shield provided by the Van Allen belts and the geomagnetosphere, of matter-antimatter collisions, orbital debris and radiological or biological contamination. Some areas that are addressed involve areas about which there is a good deal of information that has been collected for many decades by multiple space missions run by many different space agencies, observatories and scientific researchers. Other areas involving research and studies that have only recently gotten underway are discussed by some of the world’s foremost experts in each of these areas, who provide up-to-date and scientifically verifiable information. Although much of the work in these various areas have been conducted by space agencies, an expanding range of work is also being carried out by observatories, by universities and other research centers, and even by private foundations and professional organizations. The purpose of this work is thus several-fold: to include the latest information and most systematic research from around the world in a single reference work; to note where there are significant gaps in knowledge where new research, spacecraft, observatories, or other initiatives are needed to fill in critical missing information; and to give the best possible information about preventative actions that might be taken against cosmic threats and identify various alternative strategies that are now under way or planned to cope with these various threats.

Environmental Management

Chris Barrow
Environmental Management Book PDF

Author : Chris Barrow
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 441 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2024-04-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781040010938

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Environmental Management by Chris Barrow Pdf

This comprehensively updated third edition explores the nature and role of environmental management and offers an introduction to this rapidly expanding and changing field. It focuses on challenges and opportunities, and core concepts including sustainable development. The book is divided into five parts: Part I (Introduction to Environmental Management): four introductory chapters cover the justification for environmental management, its theory, scope, goals and scientific background Part II (Practice): explores environmental management in economics, law and business and environmental management’s relation with environmentalism, international agreements and monitoring Part III (Global Challenges and Opportunities): examines resources, challenges and opportunities, both natural and human-caused or human-aggravated Part IV (Responses to Global Challenges and Opportunities): explores mitigation, vulnerability, resilience, adaptation and how technology, social change and politics affect responses to challenges Part V (The Future): the final chapter considers the way ahead for environmental management in the future. With its well-structured coverage, effective illustrations and foundation for further, more-focused interest, this book is easily accessible to all. It is an essential reference for undergraduates and postgraduates studying environmental management and sustainability, and an important resource for many students on courses including environmental science, environmental studies and human geography.

Comet and Asteroid Impact Hazards on a Populated Earth

John S. Lewis
Comet and Asteroid Impact Hazards on a Populated Earth Book PDF

Author : John S. Lewis
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0124467601

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Comet and Asteroid Impact Hazards on a Populated Earth by John S. Lewis Pdf

Disk contains: HAZARDS version 5.5, designed to predict asteroid or comet impacts with the Earth.

Comet/Asteroid Impacts and Human Society

Peter T. Bobrowsky,Hans Rickman
Comet Asteroid Impacts and Human Society Book PDF

Author : Peter T. Bobrowsky,Hans Rickman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 546 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2007-06-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783540327110

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Comet/Asteroid Impacts and Human Society by Peter T. Bobrowsky,Hans Rickman Pdf

Leading specialists in various disciplines were first invited to a multidisciplinary workshop funded by ICSU on the topic to gain a better appreciation and perspective on the subject of comet/asteroid impacts as viewed by different disciplines. This volume provides a necessary link between various disciplines and comet/asteroid impacts.

Asteroids

Clifford J. Cunningham
Asteroids Book PDF

Author : Clifford J. Cunningham
Publisher : Reaktion Books
Page : 191 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2021-05-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781789143591

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Asteroids by Clifford J. Cunningham Pdf

Grounded in historical studies of asteroids from the nineteenth century, Asteroids is a fully up-to-date view of these remarkable objects. Without resorting to any technical diagrams or mathematics, Clifford J. Cunningham shows that asteroids are not just rocks in space, but key to understanding the life and death on Earth of both animals and humans. From space missions to the asteroids’ starring role in literature and film, Cunningham precisely and entertainingly looks at the place asteroids have in our solar system and how they affect our daily lives.

Asteroids and Meteorites

Gregor Pahlke
Asteroids and Meteorites Book PDF

Author : Gregor Pahlke
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2017-10
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1681178796

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Asteroids and Meteorites by Gregor Pahlke Pdf

"Meteorites, and their fall to Earth, have the potential to inform studies of the asteroid impact hazard and of impact mitigation. An asteroid is a rocky object in space that's smaller than a planet they're sometimes called minor planets or planetoids, according to NASA. Other sources refer to them loosely as "space debris," or leftover fragments from the formation of the solar system. There are millions of asteroids orbiting the sun, some 750,000 of which are found in the asteroid belt, a vast ring of asteroids located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Asteroids can be as large as hundreds of kilometers wide: The asteroid Ceres, sometimes referred to as a dwarf planet, is 940 km (584 miles) wide. Meteorites are usually categorized as iron or stony. As the name implies, iron meteorites are composed of about 90 percent iron; stony meteorites are made up of oxygen, iron, silicon, magnesium and other elements. The collisions of these objects with Earth are basically random events, but still we have some idea how often they happen. Localized destruction happens every couple of hundreds of years and is somewhat equivalent to a hydrogen bomb. Last such event happened in 1908 near Tunguska river in Siberia. The number of casualties depends on the place of impact (the objects of this size usually explode in the air before reaching the ground, just like an atom bomb). If a city is struck, casualties could be close to a million, while Tunguska event had zero to one reported casualty (reports vary). An impact in the ocean would create a tsunami and definitely produce significant destruction on the nearby seaside. These events usually do not leave a crater and typically involve a 100-meter asteroid or comet. This book presents the celestial phenomena of asteroids, meteoroids and meteorites, and comets. It illustrates the role that collisions with meteors, comets, and asteroids have played in the history of Earth and other planets in the solar system and examines what is being done to protect Earth from future collisions. "

Criticality of the Rare Earth Elements: Current and Future Sources and Recycling

Simon M. Jowitt
Criticality of the Rare Earth Elements Current and Future Sources and Recycling Book PDF

Author : Simon M. Jowitt
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 173 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2018-07-10
Category : Conservation of natural resources
ISBN : 9783038970170

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Criticality of the Rare Earth Elements: Current and Future Sources and Recycling by Simon M. Jowitt Pdf

This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Criticality of the Rare Earth Elements: Current and Future Sources and Recycling" that was published in Resources

Planetary Systems Now

Luisa M Lara,David Jewitt
Planetary Systems Now Book PDF

Author : Luisa M Lara,David Jewitt
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 438 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2023-03-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781800613157

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Planetary Systems Now by Luisa M Lara,David Jewitt Pdf

Planetary Systems Now offers a broad, interdisciplinary perspective and introduction to the latest results from leading experts in each field. It offers an unusually wide range of research on topics both inside and outside of the solar system, as well as the most recent results from ongoing ground- and space-based investigations. Experts in their field come together in this volume to discuss solar system exploration with its most recent space missions, theories and evidence concerning planetary system formation, and the nature and formation of exoplanets and exoplanetary systems.Including both questions and answers, this book is intended to be a readable, heavily-illustrated stepping-off point for advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and scientists beginning research in planetary and exoplanetary science topics.

Hazards Due to Comets and Asteroids

Tom Gehrels,Mildred Shapley Matthews,A. M. Schumann
Hazards Due to Comets and Asteroids Book PDF

Author : Tom Gehrels,Mildred Shapley Matthews,A. M. Schumann
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
Page : 1340 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Science
ISBN : 0816515050

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Hazards Due to Comets and Asteroids by Tom Gehrels,Mildred Shapley Matthews,A. M. Schumann Pdf

In 1993, the U.S. Department of Defense declassified information dealing with frequent explosions in the upper atmosphere caused by meteoric impact. It is estimated that impacts have occurred of a magnitude equivalent to the atomic bomb detonated at Hiroshima. Not all such space voyagers meet their end in the atmosphere, however; huge craters attest to the bombardment of earth over millions of years, and a major impact may have resulted in the extinction of dinosaurs. An impact in Siberia near the beginning of this century proves that such events are not confined to geologic time. Hazards Due to Comets and Asteroids marks a significant step in the attempt to come to grips with the threats posed by such phenomena. It brings together more than one hundred scientists from around the world, who draw on observational and theoretical research to focus on the technical problems related to all aspects of dealing with these hazards: searching for and identifying hazardous comets and asteroids; describing their statistics and characteristics; intercepting and altering the orbits of dangerous objects; and applying existent technologies—rocket boosters, rendezvous and soft-landing techniques, instrumentation—to such missions. The book considers defensive options for diverting or disrupting an approaching body, including solar sails, kinetic-energy impacts, nuclear explosives, robotic mass drivers, and various propulsion systems. A cataclysmic impact posing a threat to life on Earth is a possibility that tomorrow's technology is capable of averting. This book examines in depth the reality of the threat and proposes practical measures that can be initiated now should we ever need to deal with it.

Planetary Defense

Nikola Schmidt
Planetary Defense Book PDF

Author : Nikola Schmidt
Publisher : Springer
Page : 475 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2018-12-26
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783030010003

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Planetary Defense by Nikola Schmidt Pdf

Planetary defense from near-Earth objects such as asteroids is a far more nuanced and challenging topic than it might seem. Each day, technology is making it easier to detect asteroid impact threats in advance, but at present, there is still no easy way to design and implement any form of global defense. This book examines how various asteroid deflection methods can change global political affairs. The authors believe that the final policy for potential Earth impacts should be based on practical engineering solutions and innovative architectural structures, while at the same time reflecting the most recent political science contributions in ethical security studies and security cosmopolitanism. Their focus is not limited to effective engineering solutions, but rather extends to how such proposals resonate in possible political structures of the future. Planetary defense cannot be achieved with technology alone; the chapters in this volume highlight the issues that arise when space science and technology intersect with political science. This complex interdisciplinary project not only demands global participation and collaboration, but also proposes the way we can achieve it. The authors explore various concepts of governance and their far-reaching implications for planetary defense and vice versa—how scientific progress in Solar System observations and asteroid collision engineering influence political science and put pressure on the international legal framework. The text is intentionally written for a diverse scholarly and diplomatic audience in a style accessible to non-specialists and practitioners and can be read by those across diverse disciplinary backgrounds.