Assessment Of Approaches To Updating The Social Cost Of Carbon

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Assessment of Approaches to Updating the Social Cost of Carbon

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Environmental Change and Society,Committee on Assessing Approaches to Updating the Social Cost of Carbon
Assessment of Approaches to Updating the Social Cost of Carbon Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Environmental Change and Society,Committee on Assessing Approaches to Updating the Social Cost of Carbon
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 73 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2016-03-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309391450

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Assessment of Approaches to Updating the Social Cost of Carbon by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Environmental Change and Society,Committee on Assessing Approaches to Updating the Social Cost of Carbon Pdf

The social cost of carbon (SCC) for a given year is an estimate, in dollars, of the present discounted value of the damage caused by a 1-metric ton increase in CO2 emissions into the atmosphere in that year; or equivalently, the benefits of reducing CO2 emissions by the same amount in that given year. The SCC is intended to provide a comprehensive measure of the monetized value of the net damages from global climate change from an additional unit of CO2, including, but not limited to, changes in net agricultural productivity, energy use, human health effects, and property damages from increased flood risk. Federal agencies use the SCC to value the CO2 emissions impacts of various policies including emission and fuel economy standards for vehicles, regulations of industrial air pollutants from industrial manufacturing, emission standards for power plants and solid waste incineration, and appliance energy efficiency standards. There are significant challenges to estimating a dollar value that reflects all the physical, human, ecological, and economic impacts of climate change. Recognizing that the models and scientific data underlying the SCC estimates evolve and improve over time, the federal government made a commitment to provide regular updates to the estimates. To assist with future revisions of the SCC, the Interagency Working Group on the Social Cost of Carbon (IWG) requested the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine complete a study that assessed the merits and challenges of a limited near-term update to the SCC and of a comprehensive update of the SCC to ensure that the estimates reflect the best available science. This interim report focuses on near-term updates to the SCC estimates.

Valuing Climate Damages

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Environmental Change and Society,Committee on Assessing Approaches to Updating the Social Cost of Carbon
Valuing Climate Damages Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Environmental Change and Society,Committee on Assessing Approaches to Updating the Social Cost of Carbon
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2017-06-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309454209

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Valuing Climate Damages by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Environmental Change and Society,Committee on Assessing Approaches to Updating the Social Cost of Carbon Pdf

The social cost of carbon (SC-CO2) is an economic metric intended to provide a comprehensive estimate of the net damages - that is, the monetized value of the net impacts, both negative and positive - from the global climate change that results from a small (1-metric ton) increase in carbon-dioxide (CO2) emissions. Under Executive Orders regarding regulatory impact analysis and as required by a court ruling, the U.S. government has since 2008 used estimates of the SC-CO2 in federal rulemakings to value the costs and benefits associated with changes in CO2 emissions. In 2010, the Interagency Working Group on the Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases (IWG) developed a methodology for estimating the SC-CO2 across a range of assumptions about future socioeconomic and physical earth systems. Valuing Climate Changes examines potential approaches, along with their relative merits and challenges, for a comprehensive update to the current methodology. This publication also recommends near- and longer-term research priorities to ensure that the SC- CO2 estimates reflect the best available science.

Climate Intervention

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Geoengineering Climate: Technical Evaluation and Discussion of Impacts
Climate Intervention Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Geoengineering Climate: Technical Evaluation and Discussion of Impacts
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 154 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2015-06-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309305327

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Climate Intervention by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Geoengineering Climate: Technical Evaluation and Discussion of Impacts Pdf

The signals are everywhere that our planet is experiencing significant climate change. It is clear that we need to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from our atmosphere if we want to avoid greatly increased risk of damage from climate change. Aggressively pursuing a program of emissions abatement or mitigation will show results over a timescale of many decades. How do we actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to make a bigger difference more quickly? As one of a two-book report, this volume of Climate Intervention discusses CDR, the carbon dioxide removal of greenhouse gas emissions from the atmosphere and sequestration of it in perpetuity. Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration introduces possible CDR approaches and then discusses them in depth. Land management practices, such as low-till agriculture, reforestation and afforestation, ocean iron fertilization, and land-and-ocean-based accelerated weathering, could amplify the rates of processes that are already occurring as part of the natural carbon cycle. Other CDR approaches, such as bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration, direct air capture and sequestration, and traditional carbon capture and sequestration, seek to capture CO2 from the atmosphere and dispose of it by pumping it underground at high pressure. This book looks at the pros and cons of these options and estimates possible rates of removal and total amounts that might be removed via these methods. With whatever portfolio of technologies the transition is achieved, eliminating the carbon dioxide emissions from the global energy and transportation systems will pose an enormous technical, economic, and social challenge that will likely take decades of concerted effort to achieve. Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration will help to better understand the potential cost and performance of CDR strategies to inform debate and decision making as we work to stabilize and reduce atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide.

Regulatory Impact Analysis

J. Alfredo Gomez
Regulatory Impact Analysis Book PDF

Author : J. Alfredo Gomez
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2014-09-25
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1457857162

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Regulatory Impact Analysis by J. Alfredo Gomez Pdf

Executive Order 12866 directs federal agencies to assess the economic effects of their proposed significant regulatory actions, including a determination that a regulation's benefits justify the costs. In 2008, a federal appeals court directed the Dept. of Transportation (DOT) to update a regulatory impact analysis with an estimate of the social cost of carbon -- the dollar value of the net effects (damages and benefits) of an increase in emissions of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. In 2009, the Interagency Working Group on Social Cost of Carbon was convened to develop estimates for use governmentwide, and it issued final estimates in its 2010 Technical Support Document. In 2013, the group issued revised estimates that were about 50% higher than the 2010 estimates. This report reviewed the working group's development of social cost of carbon estimates. It describes the participating entities and processes and methods they used to develop the 2010 and 2013 estimates. Tables. This is a print on demand report.

The Human Rights-Based Approach to Carbon Finance

Damilola S. Olawuyi
The Human Rights Based Approach to Carbon Finance Book PDF

Author : Damilola S. Olawuyi
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 441 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2016-06-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781107105515

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The Human Rights-Based Approach to Carbon Finance by Damilola S. Olawuyi Pdf

Outlines a human rights-based approach to carbon finance, a framework for mainstreaming human rights into carbon project implementation.

Review of the Draft Fourth National Climate Assessment

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Change and Society,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee to Review the Draft Fourth National Climate Assessment
Review of the Draft Fourth National Climate Assessment Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Change and Society,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee to Review the Draft Fourth National Climate Assessment
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 207 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2018-06-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309471695

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Review of the Draft Fourth National Climate Assessment by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Change and Society,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee to Review the Draft Fourth National Climate Assessment Pdf

Climate change poses many challenges that affect society and the natural world. With these challenges, however, come opportunities to respond. By taking steps to adapt to and mitigate climate change, the risks to society and the impacts of continued climate change can be lessened. The National Climate Assessment, coordinated by the U.S. Global Change Research Program, is a mandated report intended to inform response decisions. Required to be developed every four years, these reports provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date evaluation of climate change impacts available for the United States, making them a unique and important climate change document. The draft Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4) report reviewed here addresses a wide range of topics of high importance to the United States and society more broadly, extending from human health and community well-being, to the built environment, to businesses and economies, to ecosystems and natural resources. This report evaluates the draft NCA4 to determine if it meets the requirements of the federal mandate, whether it provides accurate information grounded in the scientific literature, and whether it effectively communicates climate science, impacts, and responses for general audiences including the public, decision makers, and other stakeholders.

Regulatory Impact Analysis

U.s. Government Accountability Office
Regulatory Impact Analysis Book PDF

Author : U.s. Government Accountability Office
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2017-07-26
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1973956012

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Regulatory Impact Analysis by U.s. Government Accountability Office Pdf

" Executive Order 12866 directs federal agencies to assess the economic effects of their proposed significant regulatory actions, including a determination that a regulation's benefits justify the costs. In 2008, a federal appeals court directed DOT to update a regulatory impact analysis with an estimate of the social cost of carbon-the dollar value of the net effects (damages and benefits) of an increase in emissions of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. In 2009, the Interagency Working Group on Social Cost of Carbon was convened to develop estimates for use governmentwide, and it issued final estimates in its 2010 Technical Support Document. In 2013, the group issued revised estimates that were about 50 percent higher than the 2010 estimates, which raised public interest. GAO was asked to review the working group's development of social cost of carbon estimates. This report describes the participating entities and processes and methods they used to develop the 2010 and 2013 estimates. GAO reviewed executive orders, OMB guidance, the Technical Support Document, its 2013 update, and other key documents. GAO interviewed officials who participated in the working group on behalf of the EOP offices and agencies involved. GAO did not evaluate the quality of the working group's approach.

The Greenhouse Gas Protocol

Anonim
The Greenhouse Gas Protocol Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Business Pub.
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Business enterprises
ISBN : 1569735689

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The Greenhouse Gas Protocol by Anonim Pdf

The GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard helps companies and other organizations to identify, calculate, and report GHG emissions. It is designed to set the standard for accurate, complete, consistent, relevant and transparent accounting and reporting of GHG emissions.

Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Developing a Research Agenda for Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration
Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Developing a Research Agenda for Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 511 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2019-04-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309484527

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Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Developing a Research Agenda for Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration Pdf

To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, "negative emissions technologies" (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating climate change. Unlike carbon capture and storage technologies that remove carbon dioxide emissions directly from large point sources such as coal power plants, NETs remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere or enhance natural carbon sinks. Storing the carbon dioxide from NETs has the same impact on the atmosphere and climate as simultaneously preventing an equal amount of carbon dioxide from being emitted. Recent analyses found that deploying NETs may be less expensive and less disruptive than reducing some emissions, such as a substantial portion of agricultural and land-use emissions and some transportation emissions. In 2015, the National Academies published Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration, which described and initially assessed NETs and sequestration technologies. This report acknowledged the relative paucity of research on NETs and recommended development of a research agenda that covers all aspects of NETs from fundamental science to full-scale deployment. To address this need, Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda assesses the benefits, risks, and "sustainable scale potential" for NETs and sequestration. This report also defines the essential components of a research and development program, including its estimated costs and potential impact.

Social Cost of Carbon Estimates for Regulatory Impact Analysis

Joseph M. Keck
Social Cost of Carbon Estimates for Regulatory Impact Analysis Book PDF

Author : Joseph M. Keck
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2015-02
Category : Carbon dioxide mitigation
ISBN : 1634636910

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Social Cost of Carbon Estimates for Regulatory Impact Analysis by Joseph M. Keck Pdf

Under Executive Order 12866, agencies are required, to the extent permitted by law, "to assess both the costs and the benefits of the intended regulation and, recognising that some costs and benefits are difficult to quantify, propose or adopt a regulation only upon a reasoned determination that the benefits of the intended regulation justify its costs". The purpose of the "social cost of carbon" (SCC) estimates presented here is to allow agencies to incorporate the social benefits of reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into cost-benefit analyses of regulatory actions that have small, or "marginal", impacts on cumulative global emissions. The estimates are presented with an acknowledgement of the many uncertainties involved and with a clear understanding that they should be updated over time to reflect increasing knowledge of the science and economics of climate impacts. This book presents a summary of the interagency process that developed these SCC estimates.

Environmental and Natural Resource Economics

Tom Tietenberg,Lynne Lewis
Environmental and Natural Resource Economics Book PDF

Author : Tom Tietenberg,Lynne Lewis
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 612 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2023-07-31
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781000892147

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Environmental and Natural Resource Economics by Tom Tietenberg,Lynne Lewis Pdf

Environmental and Natural Resource Economics is one of the most widely used textbooks for environmental economics and natural resource economics courses, offering a policy-oriented approach and introducing economic theory and empirical work from the field. Students will develop a global perspective of both environmental and natural resource economics and how they interact. This 12th edition provides updated data, new studies, and more international examples. There is a considerable amount of new material, with a deeper focus on climate change and coverage of COVID-19, social justice, and the circular economy. Key features include: Extensive coverage of major contemporary issues including climate change, water and air pollution, resource allocation, biodiversity protection, sustainable development, and environmental justice. Four chapters specifically devoted to climate economics, including chapters on energy, climate mitigation, carbon pricing, and adaptation to climate change. Introductions to the theory and method of environmental economics, including externalities, benefit-cost analysis, valuation methods, and ecosystem goods and services and updates to the social cost of carbon. New examples and debates throughout the text, highlighting global cases and major talking points. Environmental and Natural Resource Economics supports students with end-of-chapter summaries, discussion questions, exercises, and further reading in the book, and the companion website offers additional learning and teaching resources.

Carbon Footprint Analysis

Matthew John Franchetti,Defne Apul
Carbon Footprint Analysis Book PDF

Author : Matthew John Franchetti,Defne Apul
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2012-06-18
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781439857830

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Carbon Footprint Analysis by Matthew John Franchetti,Defne Apul Pdf

The negative impacts of carbon emissions from human activities continue to dramatically reshape the environmental, political, and social landscape. These impacts coupled with cap and trade schemes iterate the importance and need to properly measure and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon Footprint Analysis: Concepts, Methods, Implementation, and Case Studies provides up-to-date technical information and practical guidance on measuring and reducing energy and GHG emissions. Presenting a comprehensive framework for carbon management, this book: Provides definitions, concepts, benefits, and background information regarding carbon footprint analyses Discusses the GHG accounting methods Outlines the general systems framework for conducting an audit Features four case studies in higher education, service, and manufacturing organizations The book includes detailed discussions of the concepts and explains how the different concepts fit together. It supplies the necessary background as well as systematic tools and procedures for organizations to measure and reduce their carbon footprints and begin to adapt to a carbon-constrained world.

Drawdown

Paul Hawken
Drawdown Book PDF

Author : Paul Hawken
Publisher : Penguin
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2017-04-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781524704650

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Drawdown by Paul Hawken Pdf

• New York Times bestseller • The 100 most substantive solutions to reverse global warming, based on meticulous research by leading scientists and policymakers around the world “At this point in time, the Drawdown book is exactly what is needed; a credible, conservative solution-by-solution narrative that we can do it. Reading it is an effective inoculation against the widespread perception of doom that humanity cannot and will not solve the climate crisis. Reported by-effects include increased determination and a sense of grounded hope.” —Per Espen Stoknes, Author, What We Think About When We Try Not To Think About Global Warming “There’s been no real way for ordinary people to get an understanding of what they can do and what impact it can have. There remains no single, comprehensive, reliable compendium of carbon-reduction solutions across sectors. At least until now. . . . The public is hungry for this kind of practical wisdom.” —David Roberts, Vox “This is the ideal environmental sciences textbook—only it is too interesting and inspiring to be called a textbook.” —Peter Kareiva, Director of the Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA In the face of widespread fear and apathy, an international coalition of researchers, professionals, and scientists have come together to offer a set of realistic and bold solutions to climate change. One hundred techniques and practices are described here—some are well known; some you may have never heard of. They range from clean energy to educating girls in lower-income countries to land use practices that pull carbon out of the air. The solutions exist, are economically viable, and communities throughout the world are currently enacting them with skill and determination. If deployed collectively on a global scale over the next thirty years, they represent a credible path forward, not just to slow the earth’s warming but to reach drawdown, that point in time when greenhouse gases in the atmosphere peak and begin to decline. These measures promise cascading benefits to human health, security, prosperity, and well-being—giving us every reason to see this planetary crisis as an opportunity to create a just and livable world.

Valuing Climate Damages

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Environmental Change and Society,Committee on Assessing Approaches to Updating the Social Cost of Carbon
Valuing Climate Damages Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Environmental Change and Society,Committee on Assessing Approaches to Updating the Social Cost of Carbon
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2017-05-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309454230

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Valuing Climate Damages by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Environmental Change and Society,Committee on Assessing Approaches to Updating the Social Cost of Carbon Pdf

The social cost of carbon (SC-CO2) is an economic metric intended to provide a comprehensive estimate of the net damages - that is, the monetized value of the net impacts, both negative and positive - from the global climate change that results from a small (1-metric ton) increase in carbon-dioxide (CO2) emissions. Under Executive Orders regarding regulatory impact analysis and as required by a court ruling, the U.S. government has since 2008 used estimates of the SC-CO2 in federal rulemakings to value the costs and benefits associated with changes in CO2 emissions. In 2010, the Interagency Working Group on the Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases (IWG) developed a methodology for estimating the SC-CO2 across a range of assumptions about future socioeconomic and physical earth systems. Valuing Climate Changes examines potential approaches, along with their relative merits and challenges, for a comprehensive update to the current methodology. This publication also recommends near- and longer-term research priorities to ensure that the SC- CO2 estimates reflect the best available science.

Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Developing a Research Agenda for Utilization of Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams
Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Developing a Research Agenda for Utilization of Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2019-02-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309483360

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Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Developing a Research Agenda for Utilization of Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Pdf

In the quest to mitigate the buildup of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere, researchers and policymakers have increasingly turned their attention to techniques for capturing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, either from the locations where they are emitted or directly from the atmosphere. Once captured, these gases can be stored or put to use. While both carbon storage and carbon utilization have costs, utilization offers the opportunity to recover some of the cost and even generate economic value. While current carbon utilization projects operate at a relatively small scale, some estimates suggest the market for waste carbon-derived products could grow to hundreds of billions of dollars within a few decades, utilizing several thousand teragrams of waste carbon gases per year. Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization: Status and Research Needs assesses research and development needs relevant to understanding and improving the commercial viability of waste carbon utilization technologies and defines a research agenda to address key challenges. The report is intended to help inform decision making surrounding the development and deployment of waste carbon utilization technologies under a variety of circumstances, whether motivated by a goal to improve processes for making carbon-based products, to generate revenue, or to achieve environmental goals.