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Author : Thomas G. Hardwell
Publisher : Nova Publishers
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Science
ISBN : 160456332X
This book presents the latest research in two leading areas of physics - astrophysics and condensed matter.
Author : C.J.A.P. Martins
Publisher : Springer
Page : 118 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2016-09-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319445533
This book sheds new light on topological defects in widely differing systems, using the Velocity-Dependent One-Scale Model to better understand their evolution. Topological defects – cosmic strings, monopoles, domain walls or others - necessarily form at cosmological (and condensed matter) phase transitions. If they are stable and long-lived they will be fossil relics of higher-energy physics. Understanding their behaviour and consequences is a key part of any serious attempt to understand the universe, and this requires modelling their evolution. The velocity-dependent one-scale model is the only fully quantitative model of defect network evolution, and the canonical model in the field. This book provides a review of the model, explaining its physical content and describing its broad range of applicability.
Author : Yunita Umniyati,Victor Christianto,Florentin Smarandache
Publisher : Infinite Study
Page : 7 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2020-04-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
In a recent paper, we argued in favor of the Gross-Pitaevskii model as a complete depiction of both the close planetary system and winding worlds, particularly considering the idea of chirality and vortices in universes. In this paper, we apply the new model based on Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation correspondence with Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rules. Then we put forth an argument that from Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rules, we can come up with a model of quantized orbits of planets in our solar system, be it for inner planets and also for Jovian planets. In effect, we also tried to explain Sedna’s orbit in the same scheme.
Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Committee on Condensed-Matter and Materials Physics
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 325 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1999-05-21
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309063494
This book identifies opportunities, priorities, and challenges for the field of condensed-matter and materials physics. It highlights exciting recent scientific and technological developments and their societal impact and identifies outstanding questions for future research. Topics range from the science of modern technology to new materials and structures, novel quantum phenomena, nonequilibrium physics, soft condensed matter, and new experimental and computational tools. The book also addresses structural challenges for the field, including nurturing its intellectual vitality, maintaining a healthy mixture of large and small research facilities, improving the field's integration with other disciplines, and developing new ways for scientists in academia, government laboratories, and industry to work together. It will be of interest to scientists, educators, students, and policymakers.
Author : Duan Feng,Guojun Jin
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 612 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789812387110
This is volume 1 of two-volume book that presents an excellent, comprehensive exposition of the multi-faceted subjects of modern condensed matter physics, unified within an original and coherent conceptual framework. Traditional subjects such as band theory and lattice dynamics are tightly organized in this framework, while many new developments emerge spontaneously from it. In this volume,? Basic concepts are emphasized; usually they are intuitively introduced, then more precisely formulated, and compared with correlated concepts.? A plethora of new topics, such as quasicrystals, photonic crystals, GMR, TMR, CMR, high Tc superconductors, Bose-Einstein condensation, etc., are presented with sharp physical insights.? Bond and band approaches are discussed in parallel, breaking the barrier between physics and chemistry.? A highly accessible chapter is included on correlated electronic states ? rarely found in an introductory text.? Introductory chapters on tunneling, mesoscopic phenomena, and quantum-confined nanostructures constitute a sound foundation for nanoscience and nanotechnology.? The text is profusely illustrated with about 500 figures.
Author : Michael V. Sadovskii
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 359 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789812774361
This unique book provides a clear and lucid description of several aspects of astrophysics and cosmology in a language understandable to a physicist or beginner in astrophysics. It presents the key topics in all branches of astrophysics and cosmology in a simple and concise language. The emphasis is on currently active research areas and exciting new frontiers rather than on more pedantic topics. Many complicated results are introduced with simple, novel derivations which strengthen the conceptual understanding of the subject. The book also contains over one hundred exercises which will help students in their self study. Undergraduate and graduate students in physics and astrophysics as well as all physicists who are interested in obtaining a quick grasp of astrophysical concepts will find this book useful.
Author : Omar Benhar
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 175 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2023-09-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783031356285
This book aims at providing an accessible, and yet comprehensive and self-contained discussion of compact stars. After a pedagogical introduction to the physics of white dwarfs, the bulk of the book is devoted to the analysis of the structure and dynamics of neutron stars. A great deal of emphasis is placed on the dynamical models underlying the description of neutron star matter at microscopic level. The analysis of these models is inherently cross-disciplinary - from nuclear and particle physics to astrophysics and condensed matter physics – and the relevant concepts are introduced following a didactic approach, drawing largely on the historical development of the field. The impact of the latest experimental data, such as gravitational waves emissions, and the potential of future observational developments in the new era of multimessenger astronomy are extensively discussed. This volume is intended to provide PhD students in physics and astrophysics with solid foundations for their future research career. It is also a useful tool for the broader audience of more advanced readers, working in the fields of nuclear and particle physics as well as gravitational physics.
Author : Dmitri Kharzeev,Karl Landsteiner,Andreas Schmitt,Ho-Ung Yee
Publisher : Springer
Page : 630 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2014-07-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642373053
The physics of strongly interacting matter in an external magnetic field is presently emerging as a topic of great cross-disciplinary interest for particle, nuclear, astro- and condensed matter physicists. It is known that strong magnetic fields are created in heavy ion collisions, an insight that has made it possible to study a variety of surprising and intriguing phenomena that emerge from the interplay of quantum anomalies, the topology of non-Abelian gauge fields, and the magnetic field. In particular, the non-trivial topological configurations of the gluon field induce a non-dissipative electric current in the presence of a magnetic field. These phenomena have led to an extended formulation of relativistic hydrodynamics, called chiral magnetohydrodynamics. Hitherto unexpected applications in condensed matter physics include graphene and topological insulators. Other fields of application include astrophysics, where strong magnetic fields exist in magnetars and pulsars. Last but not least, an important new theoretical tool that will be revisited and which made much of the progress surveyed in this book possible is the holographic principle - the correspondence between quantum field theory and gravity in extra dimensions. Edited and authored by the pioneers and leading experts in this newly emerging field, this book offers a valuable resource for a broad community of physicists and graduate students.
Author : Derek F. Jackson Kimball,Karl van Bibber
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 375 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2022-09-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030958527
A host of astrophysical measurements suggest that most of the matter in the Universe is an invisible, nonluminous substance that physicists call “dark matter.” Understanding the nature of dark matter is one of the greatest challenges of modern physics and is of paramount importance to our theories of cosmology and particle physics. This text explores one of the leading hypotheses to explain dark matter: that it consists of ultralight bosons forming an oscillating field that feebly interacts with light and matter. Many new experiments have emerged over the last decade to test this hypothesis, involving state-of-the-art microwave cavities, precision nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements, dark matter “radios,” and synchronized global networks of atomic clocks, magnetometers, and interferometers. The editors have gathered leading experts from around the world to present the theories motivating these searches, evidence about dark matter from astrophysics, and the diverse experimental techniques employed in searches for ultralight bosonic dark matter. The text provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to this blossoming field of research for advanced undergraduates, beginning graduate students, or anyone new to the field, with tutorials and solved problems in every chapter. The multifaceted nature of the research – combining ideas and methods from atomic, molecular, and optical physics, nuclear physics, condensed matter physics, electrical engineering, particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology – makes this introductory approach attractive for beginning researchers as well as members of the broader scientific community. This is an open access book.
Author : Kerson Huang
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2016-08-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789813148482
This interesting book provides the physical and mathematical background for a theory describing the universe as a quantum superfluid, and how dark energy and dark matter arise. Presenting a novel theory spanning many different fields in physics, the key concepts in each field are introduced. The reader is only expected to know the rudiments of condensed matter physics, quantum field theory and general relativity to explore this fascinating new model of dark matter and dark energy as facets of a cosmic superfluid.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Cairo, Egypt
ISBN : 9789814464383
Author : Omar Benhar,Stefano Fantoni
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 147 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2020-05-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781351175326
Authored by two of the most respected experts in the field of nuclear matter, this book provides an up-to-date account of developments in nuclear matter theory and a critical comparison of the existing theoretical approaches in the field. It provides information needed for researchers working with applications in a variety of research fields, ranging from nuclear physics to astrophysics and gravitational physics, and the computational techniques discussed in the book are relevant for the broader condensed matter and quantum fluids community. The first book to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of nuclear matter theory Authored by two world-leading academics in this field Includes a description of the most advanced computational techniques and a discussion of state-of-the art applications, such as the study of gravitational-wave emission from neutron stars
Author : Susanne Pfalzner,Paul Gibbon
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2005-09-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 0521019168
Studying the dynamics of a large number of particles interacting through long-range forces, commonly referred to as the "N-body problem", is a central aspect of many different branches of physics. In recent years, physicists have made significant advances in the development of fast N-body algorithms to deal efficiently with such complex problems. This book gives a thorough introduction to these so-called "tree methods", setting out the basic principles and giving many practical examples of their use. The authors assume no prior specialist knowledge, and they illustrate the techniques throughout with reference to a broad range of applications. The book will be of great interest to graduate students and researchers working on the modeling of systems in astrophysics, plasma physics, nuclear and particle physics, condensed matter physics and materials science.
Author : M Suzuki
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1993-12-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789814602334
This book reviews recent developments of quantum Monte Carlo methods and some remarkable applications to interacting quantum spin systems and strongly correlated electron systems. It contains twenty-two papers by thirty authors. Some of the features are as follows. The first paper gives the foundations of the standard quantum Monte Carlo method, including some recent results on higher-order decompositions of exponential operators and ordered exponentials. The second paper presents a general review of quantum Monte Carlo methods used in the present book. One of the most challenging problems in the field of quantum Monte Carlo techniques, the negative-sign problem, is also discussed and new methods proposed to partially overcome it. In addition, low-dimensional quantum spin systems are studied. Some interesting applications of quantum Monte Carlo methods to fermion systems are also presented to investigate the role of strong correlations and fluctuations of electrons and to clarify the mechanism of high-Tc superconductivity. Not only thermal properties but also quantum-mechanical ground-state properties have been studied by the projection technique using auxiliary fields. Further, the Haldane gap is confirmed by numerical calculations. Active researchers in the forefront of condensed matter physics as well as young graduate students who want to start learning the quantum Monte Carlo methods will find this book useful. Contents:The Quantum Transfer Matrix and Its Application to Quantum Spin Chains (K Kubo)Transfer Matrices in Quantum Many-Body Systems (T Koma)Monte Carlo Calculations of Elementary Excitation (M Takahashi)The Decoupled Cell Method of Quantum Monte Carlo Calculation (S Homma)Decoupled Cell Monte Carlo Study of the Critical Properties of the Spin-1/2 Ferromagnetic Heisenberg Model in Three Dimensions (R J Creswick & C J Sisson)Variational Monte Carlo Studies of Correlated Electrons (H Shiba)Quantum Monte Carlo Simulation of Multiband Fermion Systems and Its Application to Superconductivity (K Kuroki & H Aoki)Quantum Monte Carlo in the Infinite Dimensional Limit (M Jarrell et al.)Aspects of the Sign Problem (J H Samson)Ground-State Projection Using Auxiliary Fields (S Fahy)Fermion Simulations of Correlated Systems (M Imada)Dirty Bosons in 2D: Phases and Phase Transitions (N Trivedi & M Makivic)and other papers Readership: Condensed matter physicists.
Author : M. Novello
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 415 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789812778178
Physicists are pondering on the possibility of simulating black holes in the laboratory by means of various OC analog modelsOCO. These analog models, typically based on condensed matter physics, can be used to help us understand general relativity (Einstein''s gravity); conversely, abstract techniques developed in general relativity can sometimes be used to help us understand certain aspects of condensed matter physics. This book contains 13 chapters OCo written by experts in general relativity, particle physics, and condensed matter physics OCo that explore various aspects of this two-way traffic."