Autophagy Regulation Of Innate Immunity

Author : Jun Cui
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 203 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2019-11-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789811506062

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Autophagy Regulation of Innate Immunity by Jun Cui Pdf

This book discusses novel concepts and discoveries concerning the regulation of innate immunity by autophagy and autophagy-related proteins. In the past decade, there have been major advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of autophagy and its physiological functions. This book highlights emerging studies on the underlying mechanisms of autophagy regulation of innate immunity, including inflammation, antiviral immunity and anti-bacterial responses and the signaling pathways that prompt or inhibit the initiation and progression of related diseases. It also offers new ideas and strategies for future drugs based on manipulating autophagy, especially selective autophagy mediated by cargo receptors. Providing a comprehensive overview of the autophagy regulation of innate immunity, it is a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers in the fields of immunology, cell biology and translational medicine.

Author : Beth Levine,Tamotsu Yoshimori,Vojo Deretic
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 345 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2009-10-03
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642003028

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Autophagy in Infection and Immunity by Beth Levine,Tamotsu Yoshimori,Vojo Deretic Pdf

Autophagy is a fundamental biological process that enables cells to autodigest their own cytosol during starvation and other forms of stress. It has a growing spectrum of acknowledged roles in immunity, aging, development, neurodegeneration, and cancer biology. An immunological role of autophagy was first recognized with the discovery of autophagy’s ability to sanitize the cellular interior by killing intracellular microbes. Since then, the repertoire of autophagy’s roles in immunity has been vastly expanded to include a diverse but interconnected portfolio of regulatory and effector functions. Autophagy is an effector of Th1/Th2 polarization; it fuels MHC II presentation of cytosolic (self and microbial) antigens; it shapes central tolerance; it affects B and T cell homeostasis; it acts both as an effector and a regulator of Toll-like receptor and other innate immunity receptor signaling; and it may help ward off chronic inflammatory disease in humans. With such a multitude of innate and adaptive immunity functions, the study of autophagy in immunity is one of the most rapidly growing fields of contemporary immunological research. This book introduces the reader to the fundamentals of autophagy, guides a novice and the well-informed reader alike through different immunological aspects of autophagy as well as the countermeasures used by highly adapted pathogens to fight autophagy, and provides the expert with the latest, up-to-date information on the specifics of the leading edge of autophagy research in infection and immunity.

Author : M. A. Hayat
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2014-12-31
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128010532

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Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging by M. A. Hayat Pdf

Volume 6 provides coverage of the mechanisms of regulation of autophagy; intracellular pathogen use of the autophagy mechanism; the role of autophagy in host immunity; and selective autophagy. Attention is given to a number of mechanistic advances in the understanding of regulation, particularly the importance of nutrient availability; microRNAs; and cross-talk with other protein degradation pathways. Intracellular pathogen repurposing of autophagy for pathogenic benefit is also provided, with coverage of Herpesvirus protein modulation of autophagy; the varicella-zoster virus and the maintenance of homeostasis; and the relationship between autophagy and the hepatitis b virus. The significance of autophagy in host defense is elucidated, providing a specific focus on facilitation of antigen presentation; participation in thymic development; and the sharing of regulatory nodes with innate immunity. Selective autophagy for the degradation of mitochondria and endocytosed gap junctions are also explored. This book is an asset to newcomers as a concise overview of the regulation of autophagy, its role in host defense and immunity, and selective autophagy, while serving as an excellent reference for more experienced scientists and clinicians looking to update their knowledge. Volumes in the Series

Author : M. A. Hayat
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 430 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2016-12-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128094273

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Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging by M. A. Hayat Pdf

Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging is an eleven volume series that discusses in detail all aspects of autophagy machinery in the context of health, cancer, and other pathologies. Autophagy maintains homeostasis during starvation or stress conditions by balancing the synthesis of cellular components and their deregulation by autophagy. This series discusses the characterization of autophagosome-enriched vaccines and its efficacy in cancer immunotherapy. Autophagy serves to maintain healthy cells, tissues, and organs, but also promotes cancer survival and growth of established tumors. Impaired or deregulated autophagy can also contribute to disease pathogenesis. Understanding the importance and necessity of the role of autophagy in health and disease is vital for the studies of cancer, aging, neurodegeneration, immunology, and infectious diseases. Comprehensive and forward-thinking, these books offer a valuable guide to cellular processes while also inciting researchers to explore their potentially important connections. Presents the most advanced information regarding the role of the autophagic system in life and death Examines whether autophagy acts fundamentally as a cell survivor or cell death pathway or both Introduces new, more effective therapeutic strategies in the development of targeted drugs and programmed cell death, providing information that will aid in preventing detrimental inflammation Features recent advancements in the molecular mechanisms underlying a large number of genetic and epigenetic diseases and abnormalities, including atherosclerosis and CNS tumors, and their development and treatment Includes chapters authored by leaders in the field around the globe—the broadest, most expert coverage available

Author : Eun-Kyeong Jo,Dong-Min Shin,Jae-Min Yuk
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2013-07-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128069141

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Autophagy by Eun-Kyeong Jo,Dong-Min Shin,Jae-Min Yuk Pdf

Innate immune responses provide the first line of defense against invading pathogens or damaged self-molecules. However, both dysregulation and hyperactivation of immune responses are linked to inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. Autophagy is a component of primary host defense that mediates elimination of pathogens, particularly intracellular microbes. Recent advances have shown that autophagy plays an important role in the regulation of inflammation, thus providing new insights into the relationship between autophagy and inflammation. During innate immune responses, nuclear factor-κB signaling plays an important role in regulation of the autophagy pathway. Two key energy/growth sensors, the AMP-activated protein kinase and the mammalian target of rapamycin, play important roles in the autophagy-regulated signaling network connected with inflammation. Abnormalities or defects in autophagy appear to lead to pathologic inflammatory status with defective microbial killing, as in cases of immunopathologic responses in Crohn’s disease, lung inflammation, sepsis, or other inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, basal autophagy can play an important dual role in the regulation of inflammasome activation, thus shaping overall immune homeostasis, and in the unconventional secretion of a leaderless cytokine interleukin-1β. Numerous human pathologies and diseases related to inflammasome activation are impacted by defective or dysregulated autophagy. In this overview, we describe recent advances in the roles of autophagy in the regulation of chronic inflammatory conditions and pathological reactions in autoimmune diseases.

Author : Tatsuya Saitoh
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2013-10-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128068779

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Biological DNA Sensor by Tatsuya Saitoh Pdf

Microbial double-stranded (ds)DNA potently stimulates innate immunity. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) plays a major role in dsDNA-induced expression of type I interferons (IFNs) and elimination of invading pathogens. After stimulation, STING translocates from the endoplasmic reticulum to cytoplasmic punctate structures where it associates with TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1). TBK1 phosphorylates interferon regulatory factor 3 to induce type I IFNs and optineurin to induce autophagy, an intracellular clearance system. Autophagy-related protein, Atg9a, regulates membrane trafficking involved in STING movement and suppresses type I IFN expression. Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) plays a major role in dsDNA-induced inflammatory responses. After stimulation, AIM2 forms an inflammasome with an adaptor protein, ASC, and caspase-1, a protease, to induce the production of IL-1β, an inflammatory cytokine. Autophagy mediates degradation of activated AIM2-inflammasome to terminate the response. Thus, autophagy-related proteins, essential components of autophagy machinery, regulate innate immune responses induced by dsDNA.

Author : Zheng-Hong Qin
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 727 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2019-11-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811506024

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Autophagy: Biology and Diseases by Zheng-Hong Qin Pdf

This book series consists of 3 volumes covering the basic science (Volume 1), clinical science (Volume 2) and the technology and methodology (Volume 3) of autophagy. Volume 1 focuses on the biology of autophagy, including the signaling pathways, regulating processes and biological functions. Autophagy is a fundamental physiological process in eukaryotic cells. It not only regulates normal cellular homeostasis, and organ development and function, but also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of a wide range of human diseases. Thanks to the rapid development of molecular biology and omic technologies, research on autophagy has boomed in recent decades, and more and more cellular and animal models and state-of the-art technologies are being used to shed light on the complexity of signaling networks involved in the autophagic process. Further, its involvement in biological functions and the pathogenesis of various diseases has attracted increased attention around the globe. Presenting cutting-edge knowledge, this book series is a useful reference resource for researchers and clinicians who are working on or interested in autophagy.

Author : M. A. Hayat
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 622 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2017-09-07
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128121474

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Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging by M. A. Hayat Pdf

Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging, Volume 12 discusses and details almost all aspects of the autophagy machinery in the context of health, cancer and other pathologies. Autophagy is more widely accepted as beneficial given its role in eliminating ‘toxic assets’ and promoting cell viability, hence, it has emerged as a new and potent modulator of disease progression that is both scientifically intriguing and clinically relevant. As the latest release in the Autophagy book series, users will find a detailed explanation of the role of molecular mechanisms. Presents the most advanced information regarding the role of the autophagic system in life and death States recent advancements in the molecular mechanisms underlying a large number of genetic and epigenetic diseases and abnormalities Summarizes the most up-to-date findings on how autophagy is executed and regulated at the molecular level and how its disruption can lead to disease Authored by global leaders in the field, bringing the broadest, most expert coverage available

Author : Roberta A. Gottlieb
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780123851024

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Autophagy in Health and Disease by Roberta A. Gottlieb Pdf

Autophagy in Health and Disease offers an overview of the latest research in autophagy with a translational emphasis. This publication takes scientific research in autophagy a step further and offers integrated content with advancements in autophagy from cell biology and biochemical research to clinical treatments. A necessary reference for the bookshelf of medical and scientific researchers and students, Autophagy in Health and Disease presents high quality, reputable information on autophagy, allowing the reader quick access to the most applicable information. Discusses current understanding of the roles of autophagy in health and disease Covers the background of autophagy, the development of tools and therapeutics to measure and modulate autophagy, and autophagy in tissues and disease processes Features an accompanying website with figures and tables

Author : Giulia Petroni,Lorenzo Galluzzi
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2021-04-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128209110

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Non-Canonical Autophagy by Giulia Petroni,Lorenzo Galluzzi Pdf

Non-canonical Autophagy: Mechanisms and Pathophysiological Implications outlines the differences between ‘canonical’ and ‘non-canonical’ forms of autophagy, highlighting the discoveries concerning the molecular mechanisms underlying these unconventional forms of autophagy and the advancements in pathophysiological features of ‘non-canonical’ autophagy. The book discusses all forms of ‘non-canonical’ autophagy and the complexity of autophagy-dependent cell death. Readers will gain a better understanding of mechanisms underlying ‘non-canonical’ autophagy so that they can interpret the biological effects of autophagy correctly and identify reliable, novel and effective treatment strategies. Presents the most advanced information surrounding the molecular mechanisms underlying non-canonical autophagy Outlines the increasing evidence regarding the involvement of non-canonical autophagy in multiple physiological and pathological processes Discusses the therapeutic potential of autophagy modulators and the obstacles that have limited their development

Author : William T. Jackson,Michele S. Swanson
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2015-02-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781118677643

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Autophagy, Infection, and the Immune Response by William T. Jackson,Michele S. Swanson Pdf

The relationship between infection and immunity and autophagy, a pathway of cellular homeostasis and stress response, has been a rapidly growing field of study over the last decade. While some cellular processes are pro- or anti-infection, autophagy has been proven to be both: a part of the innate immune response against some microbes, and a cellular pathway subverted by some pathogens to promote their own replication. Autophagy, Infection, and the Immune Response provides a unified overview of the roles of cellular autophagy during microbial infection. Introductory chapters ground the reader by delineating the autophagic pathway from a cellular perspective, and by listing assays available for measuring autophagy. Subsequent chapters address virus interactions with autophagy machinery, the various roles of autophagy parasitic infection, and interactions of bacteria with the autophagic pathway. Concluding chapters explore the relationships of autophagy to systemic immune responses, including antigen presentation, ER stress, and production of IFN-gamma. Designed as a resource for those interested in initiating studies on the relationship between autophagy and infection or immunity, Autophagy, Infection, and the Immune Response combines practical state-of the art technique descriptions with an overview of the wide variety of known interactions between pathogens and the autophagic pathway.

Author : Yule Liu,Feng Li,Jian-Zhong Liu
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 165 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2017-09-28
Category : Electronic book
ISBN : 9782889452699

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Plant Immunity against Viruses by Yule Liu,Feng Li,Jian-Zhong Liu Pdf

Plant viruses impose a serious threat on agriculture, which motivates extensive breeding efforts for viral resistant crops and inspires lasting interests on basic research to understand the mechanisms underlying plant immunity against viruses. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites. Their genomes are usually small and only encode a few products that are essential to hijack host machinery for their nucleotide and protein biosynthesis, and that are necessary to suppress host immunity. Plants evolved multilayers of defense mechanisms to defeat viral infection. In this research topic, we gathered 13 papers covering recent advances in different aspects of plant immunity against viruses, including reviews on RNA silencing and R gene based immunity and their application, translational initiation factor mediated recessive resistance, genome editing based viral immunity, role of chloroplast in plant-virus interaction, and research articles providing new mechanistic insights on plant-virus interactions. We hope that this Research Topic helps readers to have a better understanding of the progresses that have been made recently in plant immunity against viruses. A deeper understanding of plant antiviral immunity will facilitate the development of innovative approaches for crop protections and improvements.

Author : Catarina R. Almeida,Barbara Bottazzi,Kate E. Lawlor,Dominic De Nardo
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2020-03-23
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889635740

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Immunomodulation of Innate Immune Cells by Catarina R. Almeida,Barbara Bottazzi,Kate E. Lawlor,Dominic De Nardo Pdf

Author : Christopher J. Burrell,Colin R. Howard,Frederick A. Murphy
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 604 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2016-11-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780123751577

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Fenner and White's Medical Virology by Christopher J. Burrell,Colin R. Howard,Frederick A. Murphy Pdf

Fenner and White's Medical Virology, Fifth Edition provides an integrated view of related sciences, from cell biology, to medical epidemiology and human social behavior. The perspective represented by this book, that of medical virology as an infectious disease science, is meant to provide a starting point, an anchor, for those who must relate the subject to clinical practice, public health practice, scholarly research, and other endeavors. The book presents detailed exposition on the properties of viruses, how viruses replicate, and how viruses cause disease. These chapters are then followed by an overview of the principles of diagnosis, epidemiology, and how virus infections can be controlled. The first section concludes with a discussion on emergence and attempts to predict the next major public health challenges. These form a guide for delving into the specific diseases of interest to the reader as described in Part II. This lucid and concise, yet comprehensive, text is admirably suited to the needs of not only advanced students of science and medicine, but also postgraduate students, teachers, and research workers in all areas of virology. Features updated and expanded coverage of pathogenesis and immunity Contains the latest laboratory diagnostic methods Provides insights into clinical features of human viral disease, vaccines, chemotherapy, epidemiology, and control

Author : Jos A.F. Op den Kamp
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 474 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642731846

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Membrane Biogenesis by Jos A.F. Op den Kamp Pdf

Many individual aspects of the dynamics and assembly of biological membranes have been studied in great detail. Cell biological approaches, advanced genetics, biophysics and biochemistry have greatly contributed to an increase in our knowledge in this field.lt is obvious however, that the three major membrane constituents - lipids, proteins and carbohydrates- are studied, in most cases separately and that a coherent overview of the various aspects of membrane biogenesis is not readily available. The NATO Advanced Study Institute on "New Perspectives in the Dynamics of Assembly of Biomembranes" intended to provide such an overview: it was set up to teach students and specialists the achievements obtained in the various research areas and to try and integrate the numerous aspects of membrane assembly into a coherent framework. The articles in here reflect this. Statting with detailed contributions on phospholipid structure, dynamics, organization and biogenesis, an up to date overview of the basic, lipidic backbone of biomembranes is given. Extensive progress is made in the research on membrane protein biosynthesis. In particular the post- and co-translational modification processes of proteins, the mechanisms of protein translocation and the sorting mechanisms which are necessary to direct proteins to their final, intra - or extracellular destination have been characterized in detail. Modern genetic approaches were indispensable in this research area: gene cloning, hybrid protein construction, site directed mutagenesis and sequencing techniques elucidated many functional aspects of specific nucleic acid and amino acid sequences.