Biomarkers In Autoimmune Diseases Of The Central Nervous System

Author : Mei-Ping Ding,Long-Jun Wu,Shougang Guo,Honghao Wang,Yin-Xi Zhang
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 219 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2023-09-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9782832534090

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Biomarkers in Autoimmune Diseases of the Central Nervous System by Mei-Ping Ding,Long-Jun Wu,Shougang Guo,Honghao Wang,Yin-Xi Zhang Pdf

Autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are a group of complex and disabling disorders characterized by the immune system mistakenly attacking the CNS. During the last 2 decades, we have witnessed a rapidly evolving spectrum of CNS autoimmune diseases, which has become a research hotspot in neurology. These include CNS inflammatory demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optical spectrum disorders, paraneoplastic, and other autoimmune encephalomyelitis and CNS involvement in systemic autoimmune diseases. Recently, although remarkable discoveries have accumulated more understanding of the autoimmune basis behind the physiopathologic mechanism, the exact pathogenic processes are still unclear. Patients may present with a variety of manifestations, posing a great challenge to diagnosis and management. The determination of biomarkers plays a significant role in CNS autoimmune diseases. Biomarkers can reflect the presence, nature, and intensity of certain immune responses triggered by both genetic and environmental processes, and bear great importance in guiding clinical diagnosis, estimating disease risk or prognosis, evaluating disease severity, and monitoring progression or response to therapy. For instance, the detection of disease-specific antibodies can contribute to the accurate diagnosis and precise treatment. Moreover, identifying the diverse biomarkers could further help to achieve the ultimate goal of personalized medicine.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 89 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2018-03-16
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309463652

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Biomarkers of Neuroinflammation by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders Pdf

Neuroinflammation is a burgeoning area of interest in academia and biopharma, with a broadly acknowledged role in many central nervous system (CNS) disorders. However, there is little agreement on the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie the manifestations of neuroinflammation in the CNS compartment and how neuroinflammation operates as a driver and also as a consequence of disease in the brain. Moreover, another unclear area is how to translate increased understanding of the mechanisms that underlie neuroinflammation and its manifestations in the CNS to therapeutics. To address these gaps in understanding mechanisms and how to translate that understanding into therapeutics, the Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop on March 20-21, 2017, bringing together key leaders in the field from industry, academia, and governmental agencies to explore the role and mechanisms of neuroinflammation in a variety of CNS diseases. The workshop also considered strategies to advance the identification and validation of biomarkers of neuroinflammation that could accelerate development of therapies, bringing much-needed treatments to patients with disorders ranging from neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) to neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Author : Firas H. Kobeissy
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 718 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2015-02-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781466565999

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Brain Neurotrauma by Firas H. Kobeissy Pdf

With the contribution from more than one hundred CNS neurotrauma experts, this book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account on the latest developments in the area of neurotrauma including biomarker studies, experimental models, diagnostic methods, and neurotherapeutic intervention strategies in brain injury research. It discusses neurotrauma mechanisms, biomarker discovery, and neurocognitive and neurobehavioral deficits. Also included are medical interventions and recent neurotherapeutics used in the area of brain injury that have been translated to the area of rehabilitation research. In addition, a section is devoted to models of milder CNS injury, including sports injuries.

Author : Francisco Javier Quintana
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 406 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2024-06-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128238493

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Mechanisms of Disease Pathogenesis in Multiple Sclerosis by Francisco Javier Quintana Pdf

Mechanisms of Disease Pathogenesis in Multiple Sclerosis summarizes our current understanding on MS and its clinical features and monitoring with available biomarkers, focusing on mechanisms that drive disease pathogenesis and their control by genetic, environmental factors and novel therapies for disease management. The book is written for neurologists, neuroimmunologists and clinical, translational and basic researchers interested in mechanisms of neurodegeneration. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease which targets the central nervous system (CNS). It is the most common cause of non-traumatic neurological disability in young adults with a prevalence of 1 in 1000 and increasing, hence the importance of this book. Summarizes our current understanding of Multiple Sclerosis Discusses clinical features and available biomarker monitoring Focuses on mechanisms that drive disease pathogenesis

Author : Kevin Wang
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 529 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2018-11-16
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780190279431

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Neurotrauma by Kevin Wang Pdf

Neurotrauma: A Comprehensive Textbook on Traumatic Brain Injury and Spinal Cord Injury aims to bring together the latest clinical practice and research in the filed of two forms of trauma to the central nervous system: namely traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI). Nationally, more 1.9 million Americans sustain a traumatic brain injury annually. In parallel, there are an estimate of 12,000 new cases of SCI in the United States annually. In addition, approximately 1.2 million people live with paralysis due to SCI. In recent years, dramatic advancements in the field have resulted in much improved outcomes for patients and higher standards of care. This volume details the latest research and clinical practice in the treatment of neurotrauma, in a comprehensive but easy-to-follow format. Neurotrauma is a valuable resource for any clinician involved in caring for TBI and SCI patients, clinical research professionals, researchers, medical and graduate students, and nurse specialists.

Author : Svetlana Dambinova,Ronald L. Hayes,Kevin K. W. Wang
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
Page : 247 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781849733892

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Biomarkers for Traumatic Brain Injury by Svetlana Dambinova,Ronald L. Hayes,Kevin K. W. Wang Pdf

Due to injuries sustained in sports and in combat, interest in traumatic brain injury (TBI) has never been greater. This book will fulfill a gap in understanding of what is occurring in the brain following injury that can subsequently be detected in biological fluids and imaging.

Author : Maria Teresa Cencioni,Roberta Magliozzi,Luisa María Villar
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2023-04-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9782832520147

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Reassessing the immune system contribution in multiple sclerosis: Therapeutic target, biomarkers of disease and immune pathogenesis by Maria Teresa Cencioni,Roberta Magliozzi,Luisa María Villar Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 568 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2016-03-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780444634467

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Autoimmune Neurology by Anonim Pdf

Autoimmune Neurology presents the latest information on autoimmune neurologic disease, the immune response to the body where organs run wild, causing the immune system to attack itself. Autoimmunity is a main element in numerous nervous system diseases and can target any structure within the central or peripheral nervous system. Over the past 20 years, significant advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of autoimmune disorders, including the use of biomarkers has led to new diagnosis and treatment options. Neurologic conditions associated with autoimmune reactions include dementia, neuromuscular disease, epilepsy, sleep disorders, diabetes, and other common neurologic disorders and disease. This current tutorial-reference will be a must-have title for clinical neurologists, research neurologists, neuroscientists, and any medical professional working with autoimmune disease and disorders. Includes comprehensive coverage of autoimmune neurology Details the latest techniques for the study, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases and disorders, including dementia, neuromuscular disease, epilepsy, and sleep disorders Presents a focused reference for clinical practitioners and the clinical neurology and neurology research communities

Author : Massimo Filippi,Maria A. Rocca
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 215 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2020-02-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783030386214

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White Matter Diseases by Massimo Filippi,Maria A. Rocca Pdf

This book provides cutting-edge information on the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic procedures and treatment approaches for the main white matter (WM) disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). WM lesions are associated with many neurological conditions, and with aging. The diagnostic work-up of neurological diseases characterized by the presence of these lesions has changed dramatically over the past few years. This is mainly due on the one hand to the discovery of specific pathogenetic factors in some of these conditions, and on the order to the optimized use of diagnostic tools. All of this has resulted in new diagnostic algorithms, and in the identification of new neurological conditions. The book offers neurologists essential guidance in the diagnosis and treatment of the most frequent WM conditions, promoting their correct and cost-saving diagnosis and management. By integrating neurological, laboratory and imaging concepts with the demands of accurate diagnosis, this reference guide provides a state-of-the-art overview of the current state of knowledge on these conditions, as well as practical guidelines for their diagnosis and treatment.

Author : Jinzhou Feng,Philippe Monnier,Shougang Guo,Cong-Cong Wang
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 119 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2024-05-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9782832549551

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Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders: Challenges and Approaches to Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Targets by Jinzhou Feng,Philippe Monnier,Shougang Guo,Cong-Cong Wang Pdf

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune condition that causes inflammatory damage to the central nervous system. The pathologic features are diffuse and focal inflammation, demyelination, gliosis, and neuronal damage in the optic nerves, brain, and spinal cord. Multiple sclerosis remains a challenging and disabling disease. There is a greater understanding of the underlying genetic and environmental factors driving the disorder, including low vitamin D levels, smoking, and obesity. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential and needs to be supported by diagnostic criteria, including imaging and spinal fluid abnormalities in patients with clinically isolated syndromes. Other demyelinating diseases are neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD), and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM).

Author : Robert Weissert,Fabienne Brilot
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 143 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2017-11-23
Category : Electronic book
ISBN : 9782889453474

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Induction of Central Nervous System Disease by the Adaptive Immune Response by Robert Weissert,Fabienne Brilot Pdf

Over the last years it has become evident that many neurological diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are induced by a specific adaptive immune response directed against molecules expressed on CNS-resident cells. Well-recognized examples are anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis which is characterized by the presence of antibodies against neuron-expressed NMDAR, or neuromyelitis optica (NMO), induced by antibodies to astrocyte-expressed aquaporin-4. Many more examples exist, and antibodies, and T or/and B cells have increasingly been associated with CNS disease. Often the symptoms of these diseases have not been typically reported to have an immune aetiology. Beside classical neurological symptoms like ataxia, vision disturbance, and motor or sensory symptoms, these can include cognitive disturbances, behavioral abnormalities, or/and epileptic seizures. Although much has been learned regarding the pathophysiology of prototypic examples of these disorders, there are still major gaps in our understanding of their biology. This may be due to the fact that they are rare diseases, and their therapies are still very limited. This research topic includes contributions addressing the analysis of the adaptive immune response driving disease including target antigens, molecular epitope mapping, and factors involved in the disease pathogenesis such as complement activation cascades, genetic and genomic regulation, as well as environmental triggers. Diagnostic criteria and methods, and treatment are also discussed. The overall aim of the volume is to review progress in our pathophysiological understanding of immune-mediated CNS disorders in order to advance diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and ultimately improve outcomes for patients.

Author : Angelos Halaris,B. E. Leonard
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783318023107

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Inflammation in Psychiatry by Angelos Halaris,B. E. Leonard Pdf

An innovative and integrative avenue toward understanding and treating mental health disorders Psychoimmunology is a rapidly maturing area of scientific endeavor that provides a compelling integrative link between the immune system and its response to stress and psychiatric illness. Stress initiates pathological changes by activating the immune and endocrine systems. Inflammation is at the core of the complex and interactive systems that both contribute to and result from psychopathology. Consequently, inflammation research advances our knowledge of the pathology of depression, schizophrenia, chronic fatigue syndrome, posttraumatic stress disorder and a host of co- morbid conditions, notably diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease. The possible mechanisms underlying the bidirectionality of co-morbid medical and psychiatric disorders can be viewed as a consequence of inflammatory changes. These emerging novel concepts illustrate how the knowledge of inflammation can enable meaningful integration of psychopathology with physical co- morbidity. The innovative articles in this volume highlight the intricate link between psychiatry and psychoimmunology and underscore the central role of inflammation in furthering our understanding of the pathophysiology underlying mental health and illness.

Author : Tobias Ruck,Marcello Moccia,Tobias Warnecke,Stefan Bittner
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2020-04-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889636433

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Pathophysiologic Insights from Biomarker Studies in Neurological Disorders by Tobias Ruck,Marcello Moccia,Tobias Warnecke,Stefan Bittner Pdf

Author : Hideaki Hara,Masato Hosokawa,Shinsuke Nakamura,Takayoshi Shimohata,Masugi Nishihara
Publisher : Springer
Page : 183 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2019-03-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789811361869

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Progranulin and Central Nervous System Disorders by Hideaki Hara,Masato Hosokawa,Shinsuke Nakamura,Takayoshi Shimohata,Masugi Nishihara Pdf

This book presents the latest knowledge on the roles of progranulin (PGRN) in normal physiology and pathology and explores the emerging significance of PGRN as a therapeutic target and biomarker in various CNS disorders, including frontotemporal lobe degeneration and other neurodegenerative diseases. Following initial recognition of the importance of PGRN in sexual differentiation of the developing brain and adult neurogenesis, it was subsequently discovered that PGRN acts as a chaperone of lysosomal enzymes and plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular protein homeostasis. It has also been found that sex steroids modulate the expression of PGRN and its trophic effects in the developing CNS and that PGRN directly or indirectly influences neural stem and progenitor cells. Against this background, deeper understanding of the molecular and functional properties of PGRN would provide fresh impetus for the development of mechanism-based therapeutic approaches for multiple disorders. Medications targeting the recovery of lysosomal function appear to hold particular promise in patients with neurodegenerative diseases resulting from PGRN insufficiency. In examining multiple aspects of this fascinating field, the book will be of high value for researchers and graduate students.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
Page : 115 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2012-01-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781464929021

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Advances in Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System Research and Treatment: 2011 Edition by Anonim Pdf

Advances in Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System Research and Treatment: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System. The editors have built Advances in Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System Research and Treatment: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Advances in Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System Research and Treatment: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.