Biosphere Atmosphere Exchange Of Pollutants And Trace Substances
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Biosphere-Atmosphere Exchange of Pollutants and Trace Substances by Sjaak Slanina Pdf
The biosphere is the ultimate sink for air pollutants and is also the source of many precursors for the formation of photo-oxidants. In any analysis of air pollution and for determining source-receptor relationships, reliable emission and pollutant concentrations or depositions must be taken into account, together with their interactions between the atmosphere and the biosphere. This book presents a number of authoritative review articles covering topics which include biosphere-atmosphere exchange of ammonia, nitrogen oxides, ozone and sulfur-containing gases, the biological mechanisms involved in the exchange of trace gases, as well as generalizations of deposition over Europe.
Biosphere-Atmosphere Exchange of Pollutants and Trace Substances by Sjaak Slanina Pdf
The biosphere is the ultimate sink for air pollutants and is also the source of many precursors for the formation of photo-oxidants. In any analysis of air pollution and for determining source-receptor relationships, reliable emission and pollutant concentrations or depositions must be taken into account, together with their interactions between the atmosphere and the biosphere. This book presents a number of authoritative review articles covering topics which include biosphere-atmosphere exchange of ammonia, nitrogen oxides, ozone and sulfur-containing gases, the biological mechanisms involved in the exchange of trace gases, as well as generalizations of deposition over Europe.
Transport and Chemical Transformation of Pollutants in the Troposphere by Peter Borrell,Patricia M. Borrell Pdf
A major environmental concern is the increasing burden on all scales of photo-oxidants, acidifying substances and potential nutrients in the troposphere. These lead to episodes of summer smog, and appreciable damage to eco-systems both on land and at sea. Underlying the environmental effects is the complex scientific problem of linking the man-made and biological emissions to the myriad chemical reactions that transform the pollutants as they are transported to and deposited in the surroundings and also pristine areas remote from the sources. The project, the scientific results of which are described in this book, was set up to study the problem in an inter-disciplinary way by co-ordinating the work of more than 150 research groups in some 20 countries.
Chemistry of the Natural Atmosphere by Peter Warneck Pdf
Knowledge of thc chemical behavior of trace compounds in the atmosphere has grown steadily, and sometimes even spectacularly, in recent decades. These developments have led to the emergence of atmospheric chemistry as a new branch of science. This book covers all aspects of atmospheric chemistry on a global scale, integrating information from chemistry and geochemistry, physics, and biology to provide a unified account. For each atmospheric constituent of interest, the text summarizes the principal observations on global distribution, chemical reactions, natural and anthropogenic sources, and physical removal processes. Coverage includes processes in the gas phase, in aerosols and c1ouds, and in precipitation, as well as biogeochemical cycles and the evolution of the atmosphere. Chemistry of the Natural Atmosphere, Second Edition, will serve as a textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate courses, and as an essential reference for atmospheric chemists, meteorologists, and anyone studying the biogeochemical cycles of trace gases. * Updated extensively from the highly respected first edition * Treats the global-scale chemistry and distribution of atmospheric trace constituents * Emphasizes observations and their interpretation * Provides background on transport and reaction kinetics for interpretation of observational data * Includes chemistry in the gas phase and in aerosols and clouds * Details chemical reaction pathways for the most important trace constituents * Describes pertinent biogeochemical cycles * Written by an author with more than 40 years of research experience in atmospheric chemistry
Approaches to Scaling of Trace Gas Fluxes in Ecosystems by A.F. Bouwman Pdf
This excellent book covers techniques used for extrapolating measurements of trace gas fluxes and factors regulating the production, consumption and exchange of trace gases in terrestrial and aquatic environments. It provides a comprehensive summary of all aspects of scaling, from flux measurement techniques, geographic data, modelling, use of tracers and isotopes, inverse modelling and satellite-borne atmospheric observations. An interesting feature of the book is the fact that both fluxes from terrestrial and aquatic (marine) sources are discussed, along with the uncertainties in estimates of trace gas fluxes at different scales, including point, field, landscape, regional and global scale. As well as reviewing the state of the art in the field of scaling of fluxes of greenhouse gases, ozone and aerosol and their precursors, and acidifying compounds, the emphasis of this volume is on identification of gaps in knowledge, finding solutions, and determination of future research directions.
Trace Gas Exchange in Forest Ecosystems by R. Gasche,H. Papen,H. Rennenberg Pdf
This volume summarizes the current knowledge on the exchange of trace gases between forests and the atmosphere with the restriction that exclusively carbon and nitrogen compounds are included. For this purpose the volume brings together and interconnects knowledge from different disciplines of biological and atmospheric sciences. It covers microbial and plant processes involved in the production and consumption of these trace gases; the exchange processes between forest soils and vegetation on the one hand, and the atmosphere on the other hand; the fate of the trace gases exchanged inside the atmosphere as well as environmental influences on the exchange of trace gases between forest ecosystems and the atmosphere. With this interdisciplinary approach the volume provides the background for an evaluation of the exchange of trace gases between forest ecosystems and the atmosphere and man-made disturbances of this exchange.
National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Agriculture and Renewable Resources,Commission on Natural Resources,Committee on the Atmosphere and the Biosphere
Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Agriculture and Renewable Resources,Commission on Natural Resources,Committee on the Atmosphere and the Biosphere Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 280 pages File Size : 47,7 Mb Release : 1981-02-01 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309031967
Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Agriculture and Renewable Resources,Commission on Natural Resources,Committee on the Atmosphere and the Biosphere Pdf
Global Aspects of Atmospheric Chemistry by Anonim Pdf
Atmospheric Chemistry has been a rapidly growing field with a recent focus on the major aspects of global environmental change, including stratospheric ozone depletion, UV-B change, and global warming. This book describes recent developments in our understanding of the global aspects of the chemistry in the main parts of the atmosphere, troposphere, and stratosphere, as obtained from field observations, laboratory investigations, and modeling studies. Although this chemistry is largely driven by reactions between gas phase species, recent progress made in the understanding of chemical reactions occuring in clouds and on the surface of aerosols is also reported.
Monitoring for Gaseous Pollutants in Museum Environments by Cecily M. Grzywacz Pdf
With an emphasis on passive sampling, this volume focuses on the environmental monitoring for common gaseous pollutants. It offers an overview of the history and nature of pollutants of concern to museums and the challenges facing scientists, conservators, and managers seeking to develop target pollutant guidelines to protect cultural property.
Sustainability Matters: Environmental Management In The Anthropocene by Lye Irene Lin-heng,Kondepudi Sekhar Narayana,Neo Harvey Pdf
Sustainability Matters is a compilation of some of the best research papers submitted by students from the National University of Singapore's multi-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary graduate programme in environmental studies, as their MSc dissertations in Environmental Management [MEM]. This collection is for the period 2014/2015 to 2015/2016. Entitled Sustainability Matters: Environmental Management in the Anthropocene, this is the sixth volume in the series, and comprises 15 of the best research papers completed during this period. The papers have been edited for brevity. They analyse the many challenges to effective environmental management covering countries including China, Vietnam, Singapore, Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, the EU, and USA. Issues examined include biodiversity conservation, environmental science, environmental governance and management, energy, and urban studies. The first compilation, Sustainability Matters: Environmental Management in Asia was published in 2010 and comprised the best papers from 2001/2002 to 2006/2007. The second, Sustainability Matters: Challenges and Opportunities in Environmental Management in Asia, was published in 2011, and comprised the best papers from 2007/2008 and 2008/2009. The third and fourth compilations, Sustainability Matters: Asia's Green Challenges, and Sustainability Matters: Asia's Energy Concerns, Green Policies and Environmental Advocacy, comprised the best papers from the periods 2009/2010 and 2011/2012 respectively. The fifth compilation, Sustainability Matters: Environmental and Climate Changes in the Asia-Pacific, was published in 2015 and comprised the best papers for the periods 2012/2013 and 2013/2014. The papers are edited by five staff members from different disciplines in the MEM programme: Lye Lin-Heng, Harvey Neo, Sekhar Kondepudi, Yew Wen-Shan, Judy Sng Gek-Khim. Contents: Biodiversity & Conservation: Coral Reef Restoration in Singapore — Past, Present and Future (Ng Chin-Soon Lionel & Chou Loke-Ming)Wildlife Trade in China and Vietnam: A Comparative Study of the Implementation of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) (Sallie Chia-Wei, Yang & Lye Lin-Heng)Environmental Science: Status and Trends of Phytoremediation in Singapore (Fam Mei-Ling & Sanjay Swarup)Managing the Risk of Non-indigenous Marine Species Transfer in Singapore Using a Study of Vessel Movement (Chin-Sing Lim, Yi-Lin Leong & Koh-Siang Tan)Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOCs) Emissions by Selected Street Trees in Singapore (Kho Yue-Min Veron & Tan Puay-Yok)Environmental Goverance & Management: Sustainability Reporting in Singapore (Loh Zhiyang & Audrey Chia)Air Quality Improvement and Greenhouse Gas Mitigation in Pakistan: An Integrated Approach (Kaleem Anwar Mir & Rajasekhar Balasubramanian)Self-Management in Environmental Management Philosophy (Zhang Yuzhe & Cecilia Lim)Evaluating EIA Follow-ups in China and Singapore (Deng Mao & Rick Reidinger)Larger Population for Singapore: A Utilities Perspective (Ang Chun-Wei Alan & Victor R Savage)Energy: Roles of Renewable Energy for Sustainable Development in Industrial Plants (Tan Choon-Puay & Tong Yen-Wah)A Comparative Analysis of the Regulatory Framework Between the United States of America and the European Union on the Use of "Fracking" in Unconventional Hydrocarbons Development (Carmelita Leow & Namrata Chindarkar)Urban Studies: Sustainable Urbanism at Neighbourhood Level: Possibilities and Practice in Planned
Environmental Simulation Chambers: Application to Atmospheric Chemical Processes by Ian Barnes,Krzysztof J. Rudzinski Pdf
Atmospheric pollution has many different detrimental impacts on air quality at urban, regional and global scales. Large volume photoreactors (often referred to as smog or simulation chambers) have been used very effectively to investigate and understand many varied aspects of atmospheric chemistry related to air pollution problems. Photochemical smog formation, which was first observed around 1945 in Los Angeles, is now a major environmental problem for all industrialised and densely populated regions of the world. Over the years many different modelling and experimental tools have been developed to analyse and simulate the complex chemical processes associated with tropspheric photooxidant formation. Work in environmental chambers has played a key role in the development of our understanding of the atmospheric chemistry associated with pollution problems on local, regional and global scales. Chamber observations have also been used in connection with environmental policy issues. In general they are used for validation of atmospheric chemical models, studies of chemical reaction mechanisms and as a direct means to test the possible impact of specific chemical compounds on air quality under simulated ambient conditions New large smog chamber installations have been recently developed in the US (Riverside, California), Europe (Jülich, Germany) and Japan, and a large number of smaller scale laboratory chambers are in operation around the world. Over the years there have been numerous new technical developments related to environmental chamber facilities such as the design of the chambers (e. g.
Instrument Development for Atmospheric Research and Monitoring by Jens Bösenberg,David J. Brassington Pdf
This book contains computer-ready algorithms for many standard methods of numerical mathematics, describes the principles of the various methods, and offers support in choosing the appropriate method for a given task. Topics given special emphasis include: converging methods for solving nonlinear equations, methods for solving systems of linear equations for many special matrix structures, and the Shepard method for multidimensional interpolation. The CD contains C-programs for almost all the algorithms given in the book and variants of the algorithms.
Chemistry of the Climate System by Detlev Möller Pdf
Climate change is one of the biggest challenges facing the modern world. The chemistry of the air within the framework of the climate system forms the main focus of this monograph. This problem-based approach to presenting global atmospheric processes begins with the chemical evolution of the climate system in order to evaluate the effects of changing air composition as well as possibilities for interference within these processes. Chemical interactions of the atmosphere with the biosphere and hydrosphere are treated in the sense of a multi-phase chemistry. From the perspective of a "chemical climatology" the book offers an approach to solving the problem of climate change through chemistry.
Cloud Multi-phase Processes and High Alpine Air and Snow Chemistry by Sandro Fuzzi,Dietmar Wagenbach Pdf
Among the chemical and physical processes involved in the transformation of pollutants between their sources and their ultimate deposition, those associated with clouds, aerosols and precipitation must be rated as the most difficult both to study and to understand. This book presents a variety of recent advances in this field, including the properties and composition of aerosol particles, chemical transformation and scavenging processes, the relationship between liquid-phase chemistry and cloud micro-physics, entrainment, evaporation and deposition, trends in high Alpine pollution, transport processes, and developments in instrumentation. This book is Volume 5 in the ten-volume series on Transport and Chemical Transformation of Pollutants in the Troposphere.
